• 약학회지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.364-365
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• 2012

Liver is the major organ to regulate the systemic glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Excess energy intake leads to triglyceride accumulation in adipose tissue first and subsequent accumulation in liver, resulting in obesity and type 2 diabetes. The representative pathological animal model for obesity associated insulin resistance is a high fat diet (HFD) fed mice model. Given the essential role of liver fat accumulation in developing systemic insulin resistance in obesity, I measured the liver triglyceride contents in HFD fed mice as a function of time. As such, in this report, I show the cause and effect relationship with regard to time during a HFD feeding between a variety of factors that are related to systemic insulin resistance including glucose intolerance, plasma insulin level and inflammatory gene expression in liver and adipose tissue.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.801-803
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• 2004

The current drive in an MOSFET is limited by the intrinsic channel resistance. All the other parasitic elements in a device structure playa significant role and degrade the device performance. These other resistances need to be less than $10{\%}-20{\%}$ of the channel resistance. To achieve the requirements, we should investigate the methodology of separation and quantification of those resistances. In this paper, we developed the extraction method of resistances using calibrated TCAD simulation. The resistance of the extension region is also partially determined by the formation of a surface accumulation region that forms under the gate in the tail region of the extension profile. This resistance is strongly affected by the abruptness of the extension profile because the steeper the profile is, the shorter this accumulation region will be.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2003년도 Annual Meeting of KSAP : International Symposium on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences on Obesity
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• pp.29-34
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• 2003

Visceral fat accumulation is known to be an evident clinical index for the insulin resistance related with obesity. Patients with excessive accumulation of visceral fat frequently suffered from metabolic disorder, such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and glucose intolerance. However, molecular mechanism for the pathogenesis of obesity-accompanied metabolic disorders has not been fully elucidated. It has been clarified that adipocytes in visceral fat area have different functions from subcutaneous fat area, and these differences might contribute the pathological significance of excessive accumulation of visceral fat for the accompanied insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.427-430
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• 2002

This paper presents on contamination performance of polymeric outdoor insulator with different contaminant accumulation. The ESDD (equivalent salt deposit density), tracking resistance and clean-fog test were performed to investigate the characteristics of contamination performance on polymeric outdoor insulator. Furthermore, we evaluated together with the porcelain samples for its comparison. It is found that ESDD of polymeric and porcelain insulator depends on the installation position. This surface accumulation of contaminant lead to the loss of surface hydrophobicity, expecially upper shed part of polymeric insulator. In addition, the effect of an artificial contaminant on the tracking resistance by inclined-plane method and leakage suppression ability under clean fog was surveyed. The time of tracking failure did not appear to change significantly with a much contaminant accumulation, while leakage current under clean-fog increased.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.964-971
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• 2019

간의 지질 축적과 인슐린 저항성은 비알콜성 지방간 환자에게서 증가한다. Piperine은 후추(Piper nigrum)와 필발(인도산 후추, P. longum)의 주요 성분으로 항암, 항비만, 항 당뇨병, 항염증 및 항산화 등의 생리활성이 보고되었다. 그러나 piperine의 인간 간세포 HepG2 세포에서 지질 축적과 인슐린 저항성의 억제제로서의 연구는 보고된 바가 없다. 본 연구의 목적은 지질 축적 및 인슐린 저항성에 대한 piperine의 효과를 palmitate처리된 HepG2 세포에서 잠재적인 분자 기전을 밝히는 것이다. 그 결과 piperine처리군은 지질 함량을 감소시켰고, 지방 형성 표적 유전자인 SREBP-1c와 FAS의 발현을 억제함으로써 palmitate처리된 세포내 지질 축적을 감소시켰다. 게다가 piperine처리군은 지방산 산화에 관련된 CPT-1과 인산화된 ACC 및 인산화된 IRS-1 (Tyr632)와 Akt의 레벨을 증가시켰다. 또한, piperine처리군은 인산화된 IRS-1 (Ser307)의 레벨을 감소시켰다. 결론적으로 palmitate처리된 HepG2 세포에서 piperine은 SREBP-1와 FAS발현의 감소 및 CPT-1과 ACC 인산화의 증가 및 인산화된 IRS-1(Try632)와 Akt 신호전달 경로를 조절함으로써 지질 축적 및 인슐린 저항성을 개선함을 확인하였다. 따라서 piperine의 지질 축적 및 인슐린 저항성을 예방하는 약물로써 가능성이 제시되었다.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• 제5C권2호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2005

The current drive in a MOSFET is limited by the intrinsic channel resistance. All other parasitic elements in a device structure perform significant functions leading to degradation in the device performance. These other resistances must be less than 10$\%$-20$\%$ of the channel resistance. To meet the necessary requirements, the methodology of separation and quantification of those resistances should be investigated. In this paper, we developed an extraction method for the resistances using calibrated TCAD simulation. The resistance of the extension region is also partially determined by the formation of a surface accumulation region that gathers below the gate in the tail region of the extension profile. This resistance is strongly affected by the abruptness of the extension profile because the steeper the profile is, the shorter this accumulation region will be.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.824-828
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• 2011

Transmission line analysis of the surface a cumulation layer in injection-enhanced gate transistor (IEGT) is presented for the first time, based on per-unit-length resistance and conductance of the surface layer beneath the gate of IEGT. Lateral electric field on the accumulation layer surface, as well as the electron current injected into the accumulation layer, is governed by the well-known wave equation, and decreases as an exponential function of the lateral distance from the cathode. Unit-length resistance and conductance of the layer are expressed in terms of the device parameters and the applied gate voltage. Results obtained from the experiments are consistent with the numerical simulations.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.355-366
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• 2014

In this study, resistance responses were investigated during the interaction of Botrytis fabae with two faba bean cultivars expressing different levels of resistance against this pathogen, Nubaria (resistant) and Giza 40 (susceptible). Disease severity was assessed on leaves using a rating scale from 1 to 9. Accumulation levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase) were measured in leaf tissues at different times of infection. The expression profiles of two pathogenesis-related proteins (PRPs) encoded by the genes PR-1 and ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase were also investigated using reverse transcription RT-PCR analysis. The accumulation of these defense responses was induced significantly in both cultivars upon infection with B. fabae compared with un-inoculated controls. The resistant cultivar showed weaker necrotic symptom expression, less ROS accumulation, a lower rate of lipid peroxidation and higher activity of the enzymatic ROS scavenging system compared with susceptible cultivar. Interestingly, ROS accumulated rapidly in the resistant leaf tissues and peaked during the early stages of infection, whereas accumulation was stronger and more intense in the susceptible tissues in later stages. Moreover, the response of the resistant cultivar to infection was earlier and stronger, exhibiting high transcript accumulation of the PR genes. These results indicated that the induction of oxidant/antioxidant responses and the accumulation of PRPs are part of the faba bean defense mechanism against the necrotrophic fungus B. fabae with a different intensity and timing of induction, depending on the resistance levels.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2020

β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA) has consistently been reported to enhance plant immunity. However, the specific mechanisms and downstream components that mediate this resistance are not yet agreed upon. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signal molecule involved in a diverse range of physiological processes, and whether NO is involved in BABA-induced resistance is interesting. In this study, treatment with BABA significantly increased NO accumulation and reduced the sensitivity to Botrytis cinerea in tomato plants. BABA treatment reduced physical signs of infection and increased both the transcription of key defense marker genes and the activity of defensive enzymes. Interestingly, compared to treatment with BABA alone, treatment with BABA plus cPTIO (NO specific scavenger) not only significantly reduced NO accumulation, but also increased disease incidence and lesion area. These results suggest that NO accumulation plays an important role in BABA-induced resistance against B. cinerea in tomato plants.

• 약학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 1991

A comparative study was performed on two different strains of Leishmania major, chloroquine sensitive strains (Chl$^{S}$) and its mutant chloroquine resistant strains (Chl$^{R}$). Chl$^{R}$ strains were obtained at 5$\times$$10^{-4}$M chloroquine. Remarkable differences were observed at the initial chloroquine uptake in Chl$^{R}$ and Chl$^{S}$, i.e., the rate of uptake was very reduced in Chl$^{R}$ (Km values were 70 nM and 125 nM, respectively). Influx and accumulation of chloroquine were also compared between wild type and mutant. An increasing tendency in both influx and accumulation of chloroquine was shown in Chl$^{S}$, but Chl$^{R}$ demonstrated a rapid release after a little uptake (influx) at the early stage. This result is thought to be basis of their resistance for Chl$^{R}$ strains.