• 한국가스학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

한정된 자원과 공간에서 효율을 증가시키기 위해 설비가 고도화와 대형화되는 추세이다. 이에 따라 공정 내에 처리 용량이 증가하여 배관에 흐르는 유체의 유량과 압력 또한 높아지고 있으며 사고의 위험성 또한 높아지고 있다. 특히 고압가스는 누출 가능성이 높으며 누출시 폭발이나 화재로 인한 큰 피해를 줄 수 있다. 이러한 이유로 고압가스배관에 대한 정량적 위험성 평가(Quantitative Risk Assessment) 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 정량적 위험성 분석시 지형지물 등으로 인한 차폐효과와 같이 사고영향을 감소시키는 요인에 대한 연구는 그다지 이루어지고 있지 않는 실정이다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 고압가스배관에서 발생할 수 있는 사고 유형과 그에 따른 피해를 계산하고 감소인자 적용에 따른 피해 감소효과를 분석하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.88-93
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• 2003

The Process Safety Management (PSM) by the Law of Industry, Safety and Health has been performed for preventing major accidents of chemical plants since 1996. In terms of preventing chemical accidents more precisely, it is essential to develop a tool for quantitative risk assessment. For this, KOSHA (Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency) developed an Integrated Risk Management System (IRMS). The system is designed to assimilate data on chemical plant hazards from external database, to integrate these data with location information(topographic and demographic), and to make them user-friendly accessible. The system consists of several main functions: display of five major Korean petrochemical complex layout display of equipment layout with its information utilizing the external database, zonation of the hazard effected area with consequence analyses, the most probable accident scenario generation, accident/incident database and calculation of frequency of accident using equipment reliability database, etc. The highlight of IRMS is to provide the risk contours using GIS(Geographical Information System) technology. IRMS is intended to manage hazardous installation more systematically and effectively, to reduce the number of accident remarkably, further minimizing production loss in the plant. The system is now under application to about 500 PSM sites as well as and emergency authorities in Korea by KOSHA (Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency)

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2018

최근 화학공장의 중대산업사고로 인한 인명피해가 발생하면서 화학공장의 안전성에 대한 불신이 높아지고 있다. 또한 한정된 자원과 공간 속에서 생산량의 증가와 원단위의 감소를 위해 설비는 점점 고도화와 대형화되는 추세임으로 이러한 중대산업사고의 위험성은 높아질 수 밖에 없다. 이러한 상황속에 장외영향평가 도입으로 정량적위험성평가가 활성화되면서 화학공장에 대한 객관적인 위험성을 평가할 수 있는 초석을 마련하였다. 하지만 현재 장외영향평가는 화재/폭발/누출에 대한 영향범위가 사업장 밖까지 도달하는지를 평가하는데 중점을 두고 있다. 이런 경우 중대산업사고가 인근지역에 미치는 영향은 분석할 수 있지만 사고발생빈도와 사업장 주변 인구밀도에 따른 실제 위험성을 평가하기는 어려울 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 중대산업사고에 대해 끝점만 분석하는 경우와 F-N curve를 적용하는 경우를 비교하는 사례연구를 통해 장외영향평가 F-N curve를 적용하는 것에 대한 타당성을 분석하였다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2014

원전의 인허가 승인을 위한 사고결말평가에서 경수로는 미국의 규제지침에서 제시한 바와 같이 방사성물질의 지표침적의 고려를 허용하지 않고 있는데 반해 중수로의 규제지침에서는 이의 고려를 허용하고 있다. 이러한 배경에 따라 본 연구에서는 방사성물질의 지표침적에 의한 피폭영향의 민감도를 정량적으로 고찰, 분석하였다. 가상사고 시나리오를 구성하여 Cs-137과 I-131의 환경방출에 따른 총 피폭선량을 평가한 결과, 방사성물질의 지표침적과 이로 인한 공기중 농도의 감손을 고려치 않는 경우에 보다 보수적 결과를 나타냈다. 이는 지표침적에 의한 피폭선량이 총 피폭선량에 미치는 기여는 상대적으로 적은데 비해 지표침적으로 인한 공기중 농도의 감손이 총 피폭선량에 미치는 기여는 상대적으로 크기 때문이다. 대기안정도, 방출기간, 평가거리 등에 따라 차이는 있지만 두 핵종 모두 총 피폭선량에 대해 흡입에 의한 피폭이 90% 이상을 차지했으며, 지표침적에 의한 피폭은 기껏해야 10% 미만을 나타냈다. 지표침적의 고려에 따른 총 피폭선량의 감소는 $^{137}Cs$ 보다는$^{131}I$의 경우에 보다 컸으며, 대기가 안정하고 방출기간이 길수록, 그리고 방출점으로부터 평가지점이 멀수록 감소경향은 보다 뚜렷하게 나타났다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.144-150
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• 2014

A man is a component of a large system how complex it may be so that human performance which can influence on the system safety should be included in system safety assessment. Meanwhile, human performance can vary over time due to lots of factors. Among them, stress is an indirect factor that may cause human error which can result in industrial accidents. To assess stress level of human workers, not a few assessment tools have been developed. However, it can be questionable to utilize them for human performance anticipation because they were mainly developed with the viewpoint of mental health, though stress assessment can be also required in the safety aspect. Therefore, this study aimed to survey the possibility of their application with safety purpose. About 10 kinds of work stress tools were collected and analyzed with reference to assessment items, assessment and analysis methods, and follow-up measures. The results showed that most tools focused their weights on Demands, Supports, and Relationships, in sequence. However, they, except only one tool developed by the Japanese researchers, merely advised to set up counterplans in PDCA cycle or risk management activities. In consequence, application of stress assessment tools mainly developed for mental health seemed impractical for safety purpose with respect to human performance anticipation so that it was concluded that development of a new assessment tools aimed to human performance variation and accident prevention would be inevitable.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2015

Wolsong Unit 2,3&4 has been performing a containment integrity test during power operation. This test could impact to the safe operation during test. If an accident occurs during pressure dropping phase, reactor trip can be delayed because of the increased pressure difference which causes a time delay to reach the trip set-point. On the contrary, if an accident occurs during pressure increasing phase, reactor trip could be accelerated because the pressure difference to the trip set-point decrease. Point Lepreau nuclear power plant, which installed GCLMS (Gross Containment Leakage Monitoring System) in 1990, has discontinued the test since 1992 due to these adverse effects. Therefore, we evaluated the risk to obviate the GCLMS test based on PWR's ILRT (Integrated Leak Rate Test) extension methodologies. The results demonstrate that risk increase rate is not high in case of performing only ILRT test at every 5 years instead of doing GCLMS test at every 1.5 years. In addition, the result shows that GCLMS test can be removed on a risk-informed perspective since risk increasement is in acceptable area of regulatory acceptance criteria.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.255-266
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• 2024

The purpose is to evaluate evacuation safety by simulating the toxic effects of hydrogen fluoride leaks in areas surrounding national industrial complexes and to suggest alternatives for areas that do not satisfy evacuation safety. For human casualties caused by hydrogen fluoride leakage accidents, Available Safe Egress Time (ASET) is calculated by the toxic effects quantified with the Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA), an off-site consequence assessment program. The Required Safe Egress Time (RSET) is calculated through Pathfinder, an evacuation simulation program. Evacuation safety is assessed by comparing ASET and RSET. The ALOHA program was used to evaluate the time to reach AEGL-2 concentration in 12 scenarios. The Pathfinder program was used to assess the total evacuation time of the high school among specific fire-fighting objects. Of the 12 accident scenarios, ASET was larger than RSET in the worst-case scenarios 1 and 9. For the remaining 10 accident scenarios, the ASET is smaller than the RSET, so we found that evacuation safety is not guaranteed, and countermeasures are required. Since evacuation safety is not satisfactory, we proposed to set up an evacuation area equipped with positive pressure equipment and air respirators inside specific fire-fighting objects such as the high school.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2018

The steel pipe manufacturing industry deals with facilities and materials. Especially thermal facilities are close to vapor cloud explosion (VCE) and may cause secondary damage to facilities because they deal with corrosive substances such as hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid and acid, fire, explosion, leakage etc. It is in danger. In this study, hazard identification method was conducted using HAZOP techniques and quantitative risk analysis was conducted using e-CA, a program that supports accident impact analysis. Equipment in the influence range of ERPG - 3 was determined to be a facility requiring replacement. It was decided that neutralization is necessary using slaked lime. Based on the cost of loss, We presented the proper replacement which is the timing of the dangerous facility. As a result, It was ideal to replace the facilities with 20 years of heat treatment facilities, one year of hydrofluoric acid storage tank, 20 years of sulfuric acid storage tank, and 5 years of hydrochloric acid storage tank.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1996년도 춘계학술발표회논문집(4)
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• pp.51-56
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• 1996

In a NNP (Nuclear Power Plant) severe accident, radionuclides are dispersed into the air. The official regulatory institute, KINS (Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety), has been authorized and developing Computerized technical Advisory system for the Radiological Emergency preparedness (CARE). In this paper, in line with the CARE system, we presented the result of a modularized intermediate-level emergency dose assessment computer code. The RADCON (RADiological CONsequence analysis) version 3.0, which is operable on PC, is developed for simulating emergency situation by considering continuous washout phenomena, and provide a function of effective emergency planning. The source files are coded by using C language in order to increase the compatibility with the other computer system and modularized to adjust the functions and characteristics of each module fer easy understanding and further modification.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2014

Human error is one of the major contributors to the accidents. A lot of risk assessment techniques have been developed for prevention of accidents. Nevertheless, most of them were interested in physical factors, because quantitative evaluation of human errors was difficult quantitatively. According to lack of risk assessment techniques about human errors, most of industrial risk assessment for human errors were based on data of accident analysis. In order to develop an effective countermeasure to reduce the risk caused by human errors, a systematic analysis is needed. Generally, risk assessment system is composed of 5 step(classification of work activity, identification of hazards, risk estimation, evaluation and improvement). This study aimed to develop a risk identification technique for human errors that could mainly be applied to industrial fields. In this study, Ergo-HAZOP and Comprehensive Human Error Analysis Technique were used for developing the risk identification technique. In the proposed risk identification technique, Ergo-HAZOP was used for broad-brush risk identification. More critical risks were analysed by Comprehensive Human Error Analysis Technique. In order to verify applicability, the proposed risk identification technique was applied to the work of pile head cutting. As a consequence, extensive hazards were identified and fundamental countermeasures were established. It is expected that much attention would be paid to prevent accidents by human error in industrial fields since safety personnel can easily fint out hazards of human factors if utilizing the proposed risk identification technique.