• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.564-579
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• 2013

The purpose of Maritime Safety Tribunal is that experts about ship operation investigate and reveal causes of marine disasters and suggest plans to prevent recurrence in Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal which is a kind of administrative court. Despite the fact that 72% of marine disasters is fishing vessel accidents and 75% of collision accidents between vessels which most occur is related to fishing boats, it is the very serious problem that there is no any person with licenses of marine technicians for fishing vessels in judges and investigators of Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal. The operational characteristics of fishing vessels, their sizes, and shift patterns of duties in wheelhouses are completely and incommensurably different from those of merchant vessels. By the way, if the investigators and judges who just consist of merchant vessel experts investigate and judge marine accidents about fishing vessels, there could be errors in establishment of policies to investigate and reveal their causes and prevent recurrence of accidents. Especially, in case of collision accidents between fishing vessels and merchant vessels, it is thought that the marine accident interested provides causes which can be doubtful about fairness of judges. Therefore, it is thought that the ratio of judges and investigators is most desirable to compose it to be similar to the occurrence frequency of marine accidents. For this, the following solution plans are suggested. First, qualification for appointment requires first class marine technicians. But there is the only one vessel which needs the first class in fishing vessels. Therefore, it is thought that the provisory clause should be added so that the second class marine technicians can be used instead of the first class ones. Second, the marine accidents of fishing vessels reach 72% but the fact that there is no any judge and investigator with licenses of marine technicians for fishing vessels is thought to go against the purpose of establishment of Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal. Therefore, it is thought that there is, at least, one more judges and investigators in the central and local Korean Maritime Safety Tribunals. The same method should be applied to judge assistants and investigation assistants.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.411-422
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• 2014

A helideck is a very valuable offshore structure for the take-off and landing of a helicopter. In order to design a helideck, the design parameters and various loads defined by the regulations related to the design of a helideck should be applied. In this study, a risk analysis was performed based on the helicopter accidents for seven years, and the frequency and possible reasons for accidents involving helidecks were investigated. In addition, a finite element analysis of a steel helideck mounted on the upper deck of a ship (shuttle tanker) was performed with the load that should be considered when designing a helideck. Based on the results, a parametric study of helideck was carried out by applying a variety of design parameters, and an improved helideck design was presented. This improved helideck reduced the steel used by up to 24% compared to the initial helideck design, and the results of a finite element analysis were analyzed and compared with those of the initial analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.131-146
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• 1989

This study was conducted for the development of recording system of students' health problems, and for the application of International Classification of Health Problem in Primary Care(ICHPPC) as a tool of morbidity classification in school health care. The data were collected from 12th of September to 24th of September in 1988. The objects were composed of health problems written by 10 school nurses who take service in the elementary school. The results were as follows: 1. The features of students' health problmes. The health problems of students were 68 problems from the total numbers of 361 codes of ICHPPC. The 93.4% of health problems was contained in 20 descriptive diagnoses and 97.0% was contained in 30 descriptive diagnoses. According to frequency of main health problems, There were abrasion, scratch and blister(26.7%); disorder of stomach function, other disease of stomach and duodenum (20.4%); headache(10.6%); bruise and contusion (5.3%); acute URI (5.0%); laceration and open wound(4.6%); Insect bite and sting(4.0%); epistaxis(3.4%): abdominal pain(2.6%): superficial tissue(1.7%). Out of all health problems, Category 17(accident, injury and poisoning was 44.7%. and Category 9(digestive system Disease) was 22.2%. 2. Applicability of ICHPPC by the school nurses. School nurses used 68 codes, among the total number of 361 codes from ICHPPC. According to ICHPPC method, school nurses can classified more diverse health problems systematically and objectively than that in other studies on school nurses activities. ICHPPC was found as a useful and applicable tool of morbidity classification in the practice of school nurses.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the prevalence and type of urinary incontinence (UI) after a stroke, to find the differences in urinary symptoms according to continence or incontinence, and to find the degree of impact of UI on daily life. Method: For data collection, we had a structured interview with a questionnaire. The subjects were 239 post stroke patients. Results: Among the subjects(mean age: $65{\pm}10$), 66.1 percent had an infarction, and 25.5 percent had a hemorrhage. And 26.4 percent of subjects were within 2 weeks and 28.9 percent from 1 year to 5 years since their episodes of a stroke. Forty five point six percent of subjects had various types of UI: urge 25.7 percent, stress 14.7 percent, functional 20.2 percent, and mixed 39.4 percent. There were significant differences in frequency, nocturia, decreased stream, and incomplete emptying between the incontinent and continent groups. Subjects reported UI influenced various aspect of daily life, 54.1 percent as cause of distress, 53.2 percent on overall quality of life, and 40.4 percent on sleep. The Mixed UI, including urge UI, had higher impact on daily life than others. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of UI, mixed, urge, and functional type as most prevalent, and it had a strong impact on daily life of post stroke patients.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.12-21
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• 2016

The demand for hydrogen is steadily increasing every year, and the facilities to produce and transfer hydrogen are being increased as well. Therefore, the possibility of a critical accident at hydrogen is expected to increase. Furthermore, the materials most likely to cause accidents at industrial sites are LPG 61%, hydrogen 12%, and LNG 10%, and the frequency of accidents due to these three combustible gases is relatively high. Thus, a CFD simulation was used to compute the explosion risk of danger-frequent combustible gases-hydrogen, LNG, and LPG-within a limited space, and the outcomes were compared and analyzed to review the risk of explosion of each gase within a limited space.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.17-26
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• 2016

Chemical plants and oil gas refinery facilities are intrinsically vulnerable to industrial hazards, such as explosion or fire. Especially, the fire is extremely dangerous to facility structures and plant personnel because of direct flame, radiant heat and smoke. In addition, it has the ripple effect of destroying infra-structures and polluting the environment. In an effort to tackle these potential industrial risks, the procedure of FRA techniques in chemical plants were investigated. The main focus was put on the time variation of physical properties of the main building, i.e. control rooms, warehouses and electrical substations, from a direct flame contact and radiant heat. The deformation of a building due to fire was monitored and modeled with respect to time variable. A variety of case studies, domestic and abroad, was tested in the model to verify the FRA procedure. The developed model was proven to be highly effective to reduce the possible risks at chemical plants. An accurate accident frequency prediction and damage quantification was made by the developed model.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8812-8819
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• 2015

In a situation in which importance of rail fastening system is growing with increasing the construction of concrete track, an accident of tension clamp(the component of rail fastening system) breaking has been recently occurred. This results from various factors such as field condition, operating agency, running condition, traffic frequency and so on. Thus, the study for the behavior of tension clamp is required. In this paper, an experiment and finite element analysis(FEA) have been performed to analyse the mechanical behavior of tension clamp. The stress and displacement of tension clamp have been analyzed as the clamping force through a laboratory test, and they were compared with FEA results. Furthermore, the stress and displacement of the tension clamp are derived from train load condition applying the verified model, and the fatigue vulnerability of the tension clamp is identified through stress analysis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2000

The Purpose of this Paper was to study the relationship between the change of operating speeds and the accidents on horizontal curves. For this purpose, we divided a horizontal curve section into two parts, a tangent section and a curve section, to estimate the operating speed for each vehicle. For studying relationship between the change of speed and geometric effect, the free-flow speed was used. The location and speed for the lowest speed were studied. Also, we analyzed the relationship between the change of operating speeds and the accidents. The followings are resulted in this study. First, drivers tend to reduce speeds significantly before they reach a curve. And the lowest speed was recorded at the downstream of the Point of curve (PC) due to the limited sight-distance of drivers on curve. Second, the larger the change of operating speeds become, the greater frequency of accident was recorded. These results can be used for developing the safety index on highways to check the design consistency.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.947-952
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• 2006

It has been confirmed that the inner defect of insulator and the perfect diagnosis for aging are closely related to safe electric power transmission system and that the detection of accident and diagnosis technique turn out to be very important issues. But perfect diagnosis is difficult because discharge pattern is irregular. Thus, we investigated discharge pattern using the new distribution statistical models with cross-inked polyethylene(XLPE) specimens. Voltage was applied to power frequency by step method, and calibration of discharge was set to 50 pC. After the voltage was applied, it measured the discharge occurring during 10s. We investigated discharge pattern using the K-means analysis and Weibull function. We also investigated variation of centroid and shape parameter due to variation of voltage. As a result of analyzing K-means, it was confirmed that cluster including many object numbers was formed by the presence of void. And result of Weibull distribution, it was confirmed that shape parameter of discharge varied from 1.28 to 1.62 in no void specimens, and that shape parameter of discharge number varied from 1.28 to 1.62. In the void, shape parameter of discharge varied from 5.66 to 6.43, and shape parameter of discharge number varied from 5.05 to 5.08.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.419-429
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• 2016

Objectives: According to the new Chemical Control Act from the Korean Ministry of Environment (2014-259), workers handling hazardous chemicals should wear personal protective equipment (PPE). However the act simply states in basic phrases that every worker handling one or more of the 69 listed chemicals should wear PPE and does not consider the unique hazard characteristics of chemicals and work types. The main purpose of this study is to provide basic data to revise the act to suit particular work processes and situations. Methods: The hazard rank of the substances was classified based on hazardous characteristics such as LC50 and vapor pressure using matrix analysis. The workplace exposure risk of the substances was also determined through a matrix analysis based on the previously determined hazard ranks and the demands of manual handling together with the likelihood of accident frequency of the operation combined with the exposure of workers during spill accidents. Results: To meet the demands for developing subsequent guidelines for the risk-based application of PPE in hazardous workplaces, this study sorted the 69 listed chemicals into five hazardous categories based on their LC50 and vapor pressures, and also assigned exposure categories according to exposure vulnerability for various types of work which are frequently performed throughout the life cycle of the chemicals. Conclusion: In the next study, an exposure risk matrix will be produced using the hazard rank of chemicals and workplace exposure risk, and then PPE will be selected to suit the categories of the exposure risk matrix.