• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.279-284
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of head posture and respiratory pattern on muscle activities of sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and scalene during maximal respiration. The seventeen subjects with upper-costal breathing pattern were participated in this study. Surface electromyography was used to measure the muscles activities of SCM and scalene. The volume and velocity of inspiration were monitored by using the spirometer in each subject. Each subject was performed the 3-cycle of respiration in each condition. The mean values of three peak muscle activity in each muscle were used in the data analysis. A2 (head posture: forward head posture: FHP vs. neutral posture) X 2 (breathing pattern: costal vs. diaphragmatic) repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the normalized muscle activities of the SCM and scalene. The results showed that the muscle activities of SCM and scalene in diaphragmatic breathing were significantly lower than those in costal breathing for each head posture (p<.0125). The muscle activities of SCM in neutral position were lower than those in forward head position during costal breathing (p<.0125). The diaphragmatic breathing in neutral position of head is recommended to decrease the tension of the accessory inspiratory muscles during respiration in neck-pain patients with FHP.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.45-47
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• 2010

Accessory tragus is an uncommon congenital anomaly of the external ear. The tragus derives from the first branchial arch. The accessory tragus can be found along the entire course of embryonic migration. Usually it appears as a small papules arising near the tragus, but rarely, along an imaginary line drawn back from the tragus to the angle of the mouth, or along the anterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the sternoclavicular region. We experienced a case of accessory tragi on the suprasternal region in an 9 year-old-boy.

• 턱관절균형의학회지
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• 제13권sup호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2023

본 증례의 환자는 자가 경부 마사지로 인한 척수부신경병증으로 경추부 근력 불균형 및 그에 따른 피로를 호소하였다. 자가 마사지로 인한 일시적 신경 압박은 7일에 걸쳐 자연 회복되었으며, 턱관절균형요법을 통해 자세와 척추 구조의 균형점을 회복시켜 환자의 피로와 자세 불균형을 개선할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.57.1-57.7
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• 2021

In a 3-year-old Samoyed, aortic bulging was found on radiography during a general check-up. On echocardiography, turbulent flow was found in left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) with high velocity (6.1 m/s). A linear structure was attached to the interventricular septum and connected to the chordae tendineae reaching the papillary muscle. A part of the structure moved during cardiac cycle, similar to mitral motion. This dog was diagnosed with LVOT obstruction caused by accessory mitral valve tissue (AMVT). This is the first report of AMVT in veterinary medicine. AMVT should be considered as a possible cause of LVOT obstruction in dogs.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.145-149
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• 2023

Agenesis or congenital hypoplasia of skeletal muscles occurs infrequently but may occur with specific conditions such as Poland syndrome. The trapezius muscle can vary in the extent of its bony attachments or may have additional slips, however congenital absence or hypoplasia is extremely rare. There are only a few reports of partial or complete absence of the trapezius muscle. Two cases of bilateral absence of the trapezius were both in males and were accompanied by the absence of additional muscle in the pectoral girdle. Herein, we describe a case of a 56-year-old male cadaver with bilateral hypoplasia of the trapezius. The muscle was largely represented by atrophied muscle fibers with an abundance of fibrotic or fatty connective tissue. This subject had very minor hypoplasia of the left pectoralis major muscle, but the remaining muscles of the pectoral girdle were normal. The spinal accessory nerve terminated in the sternocleidomastoid muscle on both sides, failing to reach the trapezius. We interpret these findings to be consistent with a minor variant of Poland syndrome.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.239-248
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• 1992

Two hundred sisty five patients who complained of neck pain with stiffness and pain of the suprascapular area were studied. In most cases the anatomical locations of pain were in the levator scapulae muscles or trapezius muscles. Hyperactivity of dorsal scapular nerve or spinal accessory nerve which innervate those muscles was thought to be responsible for these pains. The hyperactivity of the nerves may be due to the spasm of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the scalenus medius muscle which the nerves meet during their courses to the levator scapulae or trapezius muscles. Therefore, spasmolytic treatment on the scalenus medius provided effective relief for neck or shoulder pain.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.246-250
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• 2007

We report here on a case of right side spasmodic torticollis (ST) that was refractory to botulinum toxin type A injection and medication. The patient finally underwent a selective ramisectomy with ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) resection, but the remaining symptoms slowly aggravated, and a contralateral left side SCM spasm began. As conservative therapy for reducing the spasmodic symptoms, accessory nerve block, upper cervical plexus block and stellate ganglion block were performed twice in a week. After 6 months, the spasmodic symptoms significantly decreased. The Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) decreased by more than 70%. After one year of serial intermittent local anesthetic blockade therapy, the patient became almost free from the original ST symptoms (TWSTRS = 1). Serial local anesthetic interventions for the ST patient may have a beneficial role on the pathological peripherocentral neural activity of the ST patient and can modulate motor-sensory integration in the patient.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.441-447
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• 2023

One of the suprahyoid muscles is the digastric muscle which comprises anterior and posterior bellies joined by an intermediate tendon. Because of its close relationship with the submandibular gland, lymph nodes, and chief vessels of the neck, detailed knowledge about the morphometry of the digastric muscle is essential. The objective of the current cross-sectional evaluative study is to record morphometry along with the digastric muscle's origin, insertion, and variability. Forty human cadavers (25 males and 15 females) were dissected, and the head and neck regions were studied in detail. The attachment of the digastric muscle anterior belly to the digastric fossa of the mandible was noted, and the distal attachment of the posterior belly to the mastoid notch was traced. The length of the anterior belly from the digastric fossa to its intermediate tendon and the length of the posterior belly from the intermediate tendon to its mastoid attachment were measured. There is a fair correlation between the length of the neck and the length of the anterior and posterior belly. The study also identified two cases of bilateral accessory bellies of the anterior belly of the digastric. Normal morphometric data is provided by this study on details of the digastric muscle. It is significant from a clinical and surgical point of view as the muscle lies in proximity to the important structures of the neck.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.63-66
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• 2007

The differential diagnosis of lesions in buccal area include lipoma, neurofibromas, epidermoid cyst, salivary ducts calculus, hemangioma, lymphadenopathy. Accessory parotid glands is defined as salivary gland tissue adjacent to the parotid duct, but separated from the body of parotid and it may be found in approximately 20% of human parotid glands. The appearance of an accessory parotid tumor is rare, with a reported frequency of 7.7% of all parotid neoplasm. Angiomyoma, which is also termed angioleiomyoma, is a rare solitary subcutaneous tumors arising from the vascular smooth muscle. It often occur in the extremities and is rarely found in buccal area. We present 2 cases of rare tumor in buccal mass and resected surgically without facial nerve palsy.

• Clinical Pain
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2019

Spinal accessory neuropathy (SAN) is commonly caused by an iatrogenic procedure, and that caused by tumors is very rare. We present a case of a 49-year-old man suffering from weakness in the right trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle. An electrophysiology study confirmed proximal SAN. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) revealed a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma compressing the right spinal accessory nerve. Ultrasonography showed definite atrophy on the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles. In addition, post-chemotherapy FDG-PET/CT showed increased FDG uptake in the right upper trapezius, suggestive of denervation. This is the first report of SAN caused by direct compression by a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, comprehensively assessed by an electrophysiology study, ultrasonography, and FDG-PET/CT.