• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.15-28
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to develop a family functioning scale that is suitable for Korean families. The data for this study were obtained from a survey on a sample of 350 mothers of school-age children, who were living in Seoul, Kyunggi-do, and other cities of Korea. The major findings ate as follows; 1) Through the item discrimination test, 63 of the 77 items were found to be significant, thus deemed acceptable. The level of discrimination indices of the 63 items ranged from .38 to .84. 2) A factor analysis was conducted on the 63 items. Six different factors (Emotional Support, Family Intimacy, Respect for Autonomy, Communication, Family Rules, Time Spent Together) emerged for 37 items. The six factors accounted for 56.51% of total variance. 3) A multiple regression analysis was conducted to reduce the number of items, and the final 36 items were selected for the Family Functioning Scale. 4) The reliability measured by the internal consistency of the 36 items was high (Cronbach's a =.93). 5) The Family Functioning Scale was found to have a significant correlation with FACESIII(r=.80) as well as with FAD(r=.78).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to develop a pregnancy nutrition knowledge scale and to examine the relationships between pregnancy nutrition knowledge and eating habits in pregnant women. Methods: With convenient sampling, 189 pregnant women who used community health centers for their ante-natal care were recruited. Data were collected using a self administered questionnaire including items on pregnancy nutrition knowledge (18 items) developed by researcher and items on eating habits (14 items). Cronbach's alpha and exploratory factor analysis were examined to test reliability and construct validity of the scale. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to identify the relationship between pregnancy nutrition knowledge and eating habits. Results: Cronbach's alpha of 18 items was .80. In factor analysis using principal components, 6 factors explained 65% of the total variance. The level of pregnancy nutrition knowledge was not sufficient but correlations between pregnancy nutrition knowledge and some of eating habits were significant. Specifically, pregnancy nutrition knowledge was positively correlated with good eating habits and negatively with bad eating habits. Conclusion: The pregnancy nutrition knowledge scale developed in this study is acceptable for nutrition education led by nurses. Pregnancy nutrition knowledge and eating habits are considered as major variables for ante-natal nutrition education. In future studies, explorations are needed on dietary intake and physiological indices in pregnant women, comparison of women at risk with those not at risk, and development of nutritional education programs for pregnant women.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1396-1406
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• 2018

Lane detection is a key function in developing autonomous vehicle technology. In this paper, we propose a lane marker detection algorithm robust to environmental variation targeting low cost embedded computing devices. The proposed algorithm consists of two phases: initialization phase which is slow but has relatively higher accuracy; and the tracking phase which is fast and has the reliable performance in a limited condition. The initialization phase detects lane markers using a set of filters utilizing the various features of lane markers. The tracking phase uses Kalman filter to accelerate the lane marker detection processing. In a tracking phase, we measure the reliability of the detection results and switch it to initialization phase if the confidence level becomes below a threshold. By combining the initialization and tracking phases we achieved high accuracy and acceptable computing speed even under a low cost computing resources in which we cannot use the computing intensive algorithm such as deep learning approach. Experimental results show that the detection accuracy is about 95% on average and the processing speed is about 20 frames per second with Raspberry Pi 3 which is low cost device.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.99-111
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• 2019

Purpose: To develop nurses' educational needs scale for woman with infertility. Methods: A total of 201 nurses in charge of infertility health services in 4 infertility hospitals and 1 public health center were enrolled for this study. The scale was developed through literature review, in-depth interview, development of preliminary items, verification of content validity, development of secondary items, verification of construct validity, and extraction of final items. Data were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Results: Nurses' educational needs scale for women with infertility consisted of 41 items. Three factors (education for disease and symptom of infertility, supporting and counselling for infertility patients, and education for daily life of infertile patients) explained 63.7% of the total variance. Conclusions: Nurses' educational needs scale for woman with infertility demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. Its items could be used to assess the level of educational needs for nurses in charge of infertility health services.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.179-184
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• 2024

In the car industry, welding is a fundamental linking technique used for joining components, such as steel, molds, and automobile parts. However, accurate inspection is required to test the reliability of the welding components. In this study, we investigate the detection of weld beads using 2D image processing in an automatic recognition system. The sample image is obtained using a 2D vision camera embedded in a lighting system, from where a portion of the bead is successfully extracted after image processing. In this process, the soot removal algorithm plays an important role in accurate weld bead detection, and adopts adaptive local gamma correction and gray color coordinates. Using this automatic recognition system, geometric parameters of the weld bead, such as its length, width, angle, and defect size can also be defined. Finally, on comparing the obtained data with the industrial standards, we can determine whether the weld bead is at an acceptable level or not.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.503-512
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• 2017

The perceived stress of pregnant women is a potential contributor to adverse birth outcomes. Although the importance of the psychosocial well-being of pregnant women has been emphasized, there are fewreliable and valid instruments to measure the stress level of pregnant women in Korea. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of Ahn's pregnancy related stress scale (PSS) that was originally developed in 1984. Two hundred pregnant women completed the survey questionnaire, which was comprised of the PSS, depression scale, and demographic information. Principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the construct validity. The concurrent validity was evaluated using the correlation with depression scores. Based on exploratory factor analysis and a consideration of conceptual meaning, a five-factor structure was extracted, explaining 57.25% of the variance: physical discomfort, fetus, parenting, spouse relationship, and housework. The goodness-of-fit indices showed an acceptable fit overall with the full model and acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha =.89). The concurrent validity was confirmed by a comparing with the depression score (r=.48, p <.001). The shortened PSS, as a valid and reliable scale, is recommended to be used to assess pregnancy-related stress and to develop stress managing interventions for pregnant women in clinical settings.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.511-523
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze the 1st and 2nd Korea Earth Science Olympiad (KESO) items, in order to find informations to enhance item quality. To do this, internal and external item classification frameworks are developed. Item difficulty (P), discrimination index (DI), correlation, and reliability are estimated by using classical test theory. Generalizability is also estimated by applying the generalizability theory. The results of item classification are as follows: (1) ‘Geology’, ‘astronomy’ and ‘data analysis and interpretation’ are dominant in content and inquiry process domain, respectively. Nearly every item has textbook context. (2) There is no difference between the preliminary and final tests in terms of their thinking skills sections. (3) As a whole, the ratio of items with pictures is high in item representation. However, multiple-choice and short answer items are more common in preliminary competition, and essay type items are found more often in final competition. The ratio of simple items is high in middle school section and preliminary competition, but composite items are dominant in high school section and final competition. The findings of item analysis are as follows: (1) In the middle school section, P is low and DI is moderate. But in the high school section, there is a considerable differences between science high schools and other high schools in general. (2) The highest correlation is reported between the scores of meteorology domain and total score in middle school, whereas in high school astronomy domain and total score show the highest correlation. (3) General high school section show the highest Cronbach $\alpha$ and generalizability. (4) General high school section show acceptable generalizability coefficient (> 0.80), but middle and science high school section should increase the number of items to reach acceptable generalizability level.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.16 no.5 s.83
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• pp.581-589
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• 2004

This paper compares the fatigue behaviors of concretes subjected to flexural and split-tensional loadings, and proposes the fatigue reliability models based on experimental results and reliability analysis. The fatigue tests were performed for the specimens of $150 mm{\times}75 mm$ split tensional cylinders and $150 mm{\times}150 mm{\times}550 mm$ flexural beams under constant loadings at three levels (70, 80 and $90\%$) with 0.1 stress ratio, 20 Hz loading speed and sine wave. The reliability analysis on fatigue data was based on Weibull distribution of two-parameters. From fatigue test results, two criteria were proposed to reject the experimental fatigue data because of statistical variation of concrete fatigue data. Two parameters ($\alpha$and u) of Weibull distribution were obtained using graphical method, moment method and maximum likelihood method. The probability density function(P.D.F) and cumulative distribution function(C.D.F) of the Weibull distribution for fatigue life of pavement concrete were derived for various stress levels using parameters, $\alpha$ and u. The goodness-of-fit test by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was acceptable at $5\%$ level of significance. Based on reliability analysis, a fatigue model for pavement concrete was proposed and compared from existing models.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.11-19
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• 2015

Objective : This study aimed to develop and preliminary validate the Mibyeong Questionnaire (MQ) based on Deficiency-Stagnation pattern, which was report of a person's health condition that comes directly from the person. Method : The first phage of developing a MQ was to generate and exhaustive list of all MQ issue that are relevant to the domain of interest, using literature research and expert group discussions. Through those steps, we established MQ with 33 items divided into two parts: 21-item deficiency pattern and 12-item stagnation pattern. The second phage, we examined the preliminary tests of reliability and validity including the 16-item Deficiency of MQ (16D-MQ), with data (n=1,890) already collected on the Korean medicine data center in KIOM. Results : Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors of the 16D-MQ. These factors were fatigue(Qi, 氣); psychic and physical elements(Shen, 神); and skin and hair(Jing, 精). Cronbach's coefficient alpha was 0.876 and the intraclass correlation coefficients was 0.368-0.538. In support of criteria validity, the 16D-MQ was weakly correlated with EQ-5D and physicians's opinion, but it was acceptable. Conclusion : The MQ shows that it has an appropriate level of internal consistency and validity. We think further study to reveal its reliability and validity, including stagnation pattern as well as deficiency pattern, is needed.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.349-365
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• 1997

Using data obtained from 1, 473 adults aged 18-68 yrs, residing in large cities and by use of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, we assessed the relative importance of various foods as indicators of both the amount and the variability of selected nutrient intake to develop a simple food frequency questionnaire. Since Cronba- ch's alpha value of the questionnaire including 78 food items was 0.76, the reliability of this questionnaire was acceptable. A large fraction of the variability of nutrient intake in this population could be explained by the small number of food items. The estimation of dietary nutrient intake such as total calories or protein content, which are derived from almost all foods, will require more food items with nutrients such as calcium or vitamin A, which are concentrated in a few food items. A dietary history ascertaining the intake of as few as 5-19 food items mighted be all needed in order to determent the associa- tion between disease outcome and the intake of a single nutrient. There was certainly a high level of agreement with nutrient intake by the sbujects who were cross-classified by quartiles of nutrient indices based on all the food items(78) and by quartiles of nutrient indices based on food items selected by stepwise multiple regression for selected nutrients. The data provided further evidence that useful information on dietary intake over an extended period can be obtained by a simple and relatively inexpensive food frequency questionnaire.