• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.199-206
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• 2016

Pesticides are widely used to prevent loss of agricultural production but extensive exposure can induce health problems to pesticide operators. This study was performed to evaluate the health risk of highly produced pesticides used in fruit growing farm land by comparison of estimated exposure level with AOEL using KO-POEM program. AOEL was driven based on NOAEL of each pesticide evaluated by JMPR, EFSA or KRDA. In calculation of exposure level, types of formulation, dilution factors, spraying duration and motor type and exposure protection device were allocated according to actual condition of use. Dermal absorption rate was differently applied among EFSA default values (25% or 75%), general default value (10%) or real test result values to know the plausibility of default values and safety of pesticide to operators in outline. Twenty pesticide ingredients (fungicides and insecticides) were produced more than 30 tons per year, which were mancozeb, chlorothalonil, imidaclopirid and etc in order. Dermal absorption rates obtained from studies were various from 0.07 to 81% but mostly under 10%. The estimated exposure levels showed big differences more than 10 times higher when using EFSA default rate and up to 5 times higher when using general rate of 10% comparing using rates of test results. Mancozeb, chlorthalonil, diazinon and chlorpyrifos presented still higher exposure level than AOEL even when using test absorption rate from study, which suggests that re-evaluation of AOEL or dermal exposure absorption rate or strict management are required for health protection of operators who use those four pesticides in farm land.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1988

A serial study on differential response in absorption and translocation of $^{14}C$-oxyfluorfen was conducted by use of a group of selected rice cultivars as the tolerant or the susceptible to oxyfluorfen. Trial 1. Differential response in absorption and translocation of selected cultivar group. The susceptible cultivar group has reached as higher rate as 209%, 193%, 344%, 204% and 152% of the tolerant cultivar group in root absorption rate per unit dry weight, lower-shoot absorption rate, higher shoot absorption rate, whole amount of absorption, and the rate of translocation from bottom to shoot, respectively. Trial 2. Differential Response in Absorbtion and translocation of selected cultivar as affected by exposed portion and time. ${\bullet}$ Regardless of cultivar, the rate of root absorption has effectively realized but the translocation was significantly limited. ${\bullet}$ Lower portion of shoot has also achieved a higher amount of absorption but the translocation was very limited. ${\bullet}$ By relaying the exposure time. the amount of root absorption was ted increasing, and persistent absorption was rather effective in the susceptible (cv. Mushakdanti) cultivar than the tolerant (cv. Chokoto). ${\bullet}$ Translocation of oxyfluorfen from shoot to root was tended to easily attaining in both cultivars.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2011

Sound absorbing materials used for lightweight panels and interior material are mainly made of fibroid material such as glass wool or rock wool. However these fiber type sound absorbing materials have some problems such that sound absorption could be decreased as time goes by because of durability. In addition, dust scattering from fiber type material can cause another problem in health. In this point of view, this study aims to develop environment friendly sound absorbing material using Hwangto(so called loess or yellow soil), a traditional housing material. Hwangto is natural housing material in Korea and generally known for improving indoor air quality. Hwangto panel is made to construct on the floor, wall and ceiling, and expected that there is not enough absorption. Present study tried to develop environment friendly sound absorbing material that has high sound absorption performance with good environment performance in terms of air quality. Pore rate was designed to maximize the absorption in the specific frequency bands, and two kinds of backing space were applied in order to see the effect of backing space. As a result peak frequency that has maximum absorption is going high as the pore rate is increased. The backing space provides more absorption and makes the peak frequency down to low.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.368-371
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• 2004

It analyzes the quality of the fine aggregate which is reproduced through a dry production process with cyclone and a wet production process. The conclusions of the study are as follows. 1. The recycled fine aggregate through the dry production process with cyclone shows the low rate of absorption and impurity content after the cyclone process. It shows that its density is 2.37, absorption rate is 4.8 and stability is $5.1\%$ and less. Therefore, it satisfies the standards of KS F 2573(recycled aggregate for concrete) as the first grade. 2. The recycled fine aggregate through the wet production process shows the low rate of absorption and foreign substance content after the process of wash and dehydration. It shows that its density is 2.40, absorption rate is 3.12 and stability is $3.2\%$ and less. Therefore, it satisfies the standards of KS F 2573(recycled aggregate for concrete) as the first grade.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 1984

This paper was attempted to study on the effect of metoclopramide or propantheline on the absorption rate and bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameter of fluorouracil in rats and rabbits. The result are as follows; Metoclopramide increased the absorption rate of fluorouracil but propantheline decreased in situ experiment with rat small intestine. Metoclopramide increased the blood level and relative bioavailability and absorption rate constant of fluorouracil in rabbits. Prolonged the peak blood level (tmax) and decreased the absorption rate constant (Ka) but did not affect the blood level and relative bioavailability of fluorouracil in rabbits. As a matter of fact, it is considerd that the coadministration of metoclopramide or propantheline is more desirable than the single administration of fluorouracil for available dosage regimen.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.91-95
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between water absorption (or hygroscopic property) and growth rate of rubra oak (Quercus rubra) from 5 different origins of seed (Carleton, Simcoe, Chatham, Bancroft, Unknown). Water absorption at cross section of Quercus rubra was $0.43{\sim}0.92g/cm^2$ and the property was not related with growth rate. Overall equilibrium moisture content of rubra oak were 11.35~11.56% and 15.15~15.83% at $40^{\circ}C$ with 75% and 90% relative humidities, respectively. There was no relationship between growth rate and moisture content(hygroscopy) in rubra oak. Based on the results, Rubra oak can be classified as a low hygroscopic wood grade, and thus might be a good raw material for furniture productions owing to its superior dimensional stability.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2004

In general, an absorption chiller or heat pump is operated under the constant cooling water flow rate condition even though the system works with a partial load. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of the cooling water flow rates and the temperature of cooling water on the system performance to find the energy saving methode for the partial load operation of the double effect $H_2O$/LiBr absorption chiller. It is found that the performance of the system is sensitive to the temperature of cooling water than the cooling water flow rate, so the decrease of the performance due to reducing the cooling water flow rate can be overcome with the reduction of the cooling water temperature by 1$^{\circ}C$. The flow rate of the cooling water flow rate ranges from 50％ to 100％ of the flow rate at normal conditions with a partial load. It is also found that the operation cost of the cooling water pump and the cooling tower can be reduced by 23％.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.185-189
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• 2009

Absorption rate of carbon dioxide into aqueous ammonia absorbent(10 wt%) was measured in the temperature range from 293 K to 337 K using a stirred-cell reactor. The reaction rate constant was correlated with the Arrehnius equation and the activation energy was 50.42 kJ/mol. $CO_2$ absorption rate into modified ammonia absorbent was also investigated. For the modified ammonia absorbent, 1 wt% sterically hindered amines of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol(AMP), 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propandiol(AMPD) and 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propandiol(AEPD) were used as additives. The $CO_2$ absorption rate increased by adding 1 wt% of the amine additive, in the case of AMP additive, the absorption rate enhanced by about 53%.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2009

Absorption rate of carbon dioxide was measured in the aqueous xanthan gum (XG) solution in the range of 0~0.15 wt% containing diisopropanolamine (DIPA) of $0{\sim}2\;kmol/m^3$ in a flat-stirred vessel with an impeller of 0.05 m and agitation speed of 50 rpm at $25^{\circ}C$ and 101.3 kPa. The volumetric liquid-side mass transfer coefficient ($k_La$) of $CO_2$, which was obtained by the measured physical absorption rate, was correlated with the viscosity and the elastic behavior of XG solution such as Deborah number as an empirical formula. The chemical absorption rate of $CO_2$ ($R_A$), which was estimated by the film theory using the measured $k_La$ and the known kinetics of reaction between $CO_2$ and DIPA, was compared with the measured rate. The aqueous XG solution with elastic property of non-Newtonian liquid made $k_La$ and $R_A$ increased compared with Newtonian liquid based on the same viscosity of the solution.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.895-898
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• 1999

We calculated Al-Absorption, Al-reflection, and Si-etching probabilities as a function of incident angle and energy using classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Variations of the cases of Al-absorption rate and Al-reflection rate are less than that of Si-etching rate. In contrast with general prediction, our simulation results showed that channeling of the <110> direction occurred the most in the case of incident angle between 30degree and 40degree. We investigated that channeling of the <110> directions quite affect Al-absorption rate in silicon. Since Si-etching rate is high and Al-absorption rate by <110> channeling is high, we found that Al ionized physical vapor deposition (PVD) on Si(001) has a different characteristics with Al ionized PVD on A1(111).