• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.2276-2282
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• 2023

We deploy artificial neural networks to unfold neutron spectra from measured energy-integrated quantities. These neutron spectra represent an important parameter allowing to compute the absorbed dose and the kerma to serve radiation protection in addition to nuclear safety. The built architectures are inspired from convolutional neural networks. The first architecture is made up of residual transposed convolution's blocks while the second is a modified version of the U-net architecture. A large and balanced dataset is simulated following "realistic" physical constraints to train the architectures in an efficient way. Results show a high accuracy prediction of neutron spectra ranging from thermal up to fast spectrum. The dataset processing, the attention paid to performances' metrics and the hyper-optimization are behind the architectures' robustness.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2022

For the purpose of treating health checkups and recovery of patients in a super-aged society, hospitals use devices designed with a reduction circuit of electromagnetic waves associated with the specific absorption rate of electromagnetic waves absorbed by the human body. In this paper, we proposed a filter improvement design method capable of reducing electromagnetic waves. As a result of confirming the validity of the proposed technique through simulation and experimental results, the following result values were obtained. Applying the common-mode (CM) inductor 4 mH to a calibration circuit, noise decreased in a multiband spectrum. Using the differential mode(DM) inductor 40 µH element in the primary calibration circuit, the noise decreased by 15 dB or more in the 3 MHz band spectrum. Also, applying the Admittance Capacitance (Y-Cap) 10 nF element in the secondary calibration circuit resulted in the decrease by more than 30 dB in the band spectrum before 2 MHz. After using a common-mode inductor 4 mH element in the tertiary calibration circuit, it decreased by more than 15 dB in the band spectrum after 2 MHz.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• 제73권9호
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• pp.1377-1384
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• 2018

Accurate measurement of the absorbed dose and the effective dose is required in dental panoramic radiography involving relatively low energy with a rotational X-ray tube system using long exposures. To determine the effectiveness of measuring the irradiation by using passive dosimetry, we compared the entrance skin doses by using a radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter (RPL) and an optically stimulated luminescence detector (OSL) in a phantom model consisting of nine and 31 transverse sections. The parameters of the panoramic device were set to 80 kV, 4 mA, and 12 s in the standard program mode. The X-ray spectrum was applied in the same manner as the panoramic dose by using the SpekCalc Software. The results indicated a mass attenuation coefficient of $0.008226cm^2/g$, and an effective energy of 34 keV. The equivalent dose between the RPL and the OSL was calculated based on a product of the absorbed doses. The density of the aluminum attenuators was $2.699g/cm^3$. During the panoramic examination, tissue absorption doses with regard to the RPL were a surface dose of $75.33{\mu}Gy$ and a depth dose of $71.77{\mu}Gy$, those with regard to the OSL were surface dose of $9.2{\mu}Gy$ a depth dose of $70.39{\mu}Gy$ and a mean dose of $74.79{\mu}Gy$. The effective dose based on the International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 103 tissue weighting factor for the RPL were $0.742{\mu}Sv$, $8.9{\mu}Sv$, $2.96{\mu}Sv$ and those for the OSL were $0.754{\mu}Sv$, $9.05{\mu}Sv$, and $3.018{\mu}Sv$ in the parotid and sublingual glands, orbit, and thyroid gland, respectively. The RPL was more effective than the OSL for measuring the absorbed radiation dose in low-energy systems with a rotational X-ray tube.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.339-346
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• 1993

Inproving laser efficiency, optimum content of Nd3+ which is active ion and effect of Cr3+ as a sensitizer are investigated in 60SiO2.30Li2O.10CaO host glass. The glasses are fabricated with the addition of Nd3+, Cr3+ and then optical properties such as absorption spectrum, fluorescence spectrum and fluorescence lifetime were studied. Finally, lasing efficiency was measured. From this study, optimum content of Nd2O3 appeared to be 3.5wt% and it was observed that the energy absorbed by optical exicitation of the Cr3+ is transfered to the Nd3+. Addition of Cr2O3 tend to improve characteristic of laser oscillation for the laser glass.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.221-225
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• 2008

We propose a simple hydrogen detection scheme based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer formed with a pair of palladium-coated long-period fiber gratings (LPGs). Since an LPG pair offered a fine-structured interference fringe in its transmission spectrum, the resolution as a sensor could be appreciably enhanced compared to that of a single LPG. As the palladium layer absorbed hydrogen, the effective refractive indices of the cladding modes were increased so that the interference spectrum was blue-shifted up to 2.3 nm with a wavelength sensitivity of -0.29 nm/min for 4% of hydrogen concentration.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2023

Background: Aptamers are currently being used in various fields including medical treatments due to their characteristics of selectively binding to specific molecules. Due to their special characteristics, the aptamers are expected to be used to remove radionuclides from a large amount of liquid radioactive waste generated during the decommissioning of nuclear power plants. The radiological effects on the aptamers should be evaluated to ensure their integrity for the application of a radionuclide removal technique. Materials and Methods: In this study, Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code version 6 (MCNP6) and Monte Carlo damage simulation (MCDS) codes were employed to evaluate the radiological effects on the aptamers. MCNP6 was used to evaluate the secondary electron spectrum and the absorbed dose in a medium. MCDS was used to calculate the DNA damage by using the secondary electron spectrum and the absorbed dose. Binding experiments were conducted to indirectly verify the results derived by MCNP6 and MCDS calculations. Results and Discussion: Damage yields of about 5.00×10^-4 were calculated for 100 bp aptamer due to the radiation dose of 1 Gy. In experiments with radioactive materials, the results that the removal rate of the radioactive ⁶⁰Co by the aptamer is the same with the non-radioactive ⁵⁹Co prove the accuracy of the previous DNA damage calculation. Conclusion: The evaluation results suggest that only very small fraction of significant number of the aptamers will be damaged by the radioactive materials in the liquid radioactive waste.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.202-209
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• 2004

현재 평판 디텍터를 이용한 디지털 방사선 촬영기술은 방사선 진단 기술 분야에 있어서 매우 중요하고 유용하게 사용되고 있다. 비정질 실리콘 광센서를 사용하는 디지털 방사선 촬영기에는 흡수되는 방사선 에너지를 가시광선으로 변환하는 신틸레이터로 보통 CsI(TI)를 사용한다. 신틸레이터에서 만들어진 가시광선은 이차원 평면으로 구성된 비정실 실리콘 광 다이오드에서 전기적 신호로 전환된다. 좋은 질의 영상을 얻기 위해서는 디지털 방사선 촬영기(Digital Radiography, DR) 디텍터의 방사선에 대한 세부적인 특성 연구가 필수적이다. 이러한 이유로 조사선량과 디지털 방사선 촬영기의 신호의 관계에 대해서 많은 연구가 이루어졌지만 현재까지의 연구에서는 고정된 관전압의 조건에서 두 변수의 관계에 대한 연구가 이루어졌다. 이에 본 연구에서는 X선 스펙트럼 모델인 SPEC-78을 사용하여 조사선량 대신 디텍터에 흡수되는 에너지와 디지털 방사선 촬영기의 신호와의 관계를 규명하였다. SPEC-78의 주요 입력변수인 X-ray 튜브의 고유 필터 값을 구하기 위해 조사선량을 측정하여 계산한 조사선량과 비교하였다. 물질에 흡수되는 X-ray의 에너지를 계산하는 알고리즘을 상정하여 디텍터에 흡수되는 에너지를 계산하고 다양한 조건에서 실제 X선 영상의 화소값을 획득하였다. 두변수의 관계를 이용해 특성곡선을 얻었으며 이 결과를 검증하기 위해서 물과 알루미늄으로 제작된 팬텀을 이용하였다. 다양한 조건에서 팬텀 영상의 화소값을 측정하였고 특성곡선과 비교하였다 이러한 과정으로 진행된 연구의 결과로 디텍터에 흡수되는 에너지와 디지털 방사선 촬영기의 신호는 거의 선형적임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 팬텀을 이용한 실험에서도 산란된 광자의 영향으로 유발된 약간의 오차에도 불구하고 측정되어진 화소값은 특성곡선과 잘 일치하였다 본 연구를 통해 규명되어진 두 변수의 관계는 예상과 거의 일치하였지만 산란선에 대한 부분은 흡수에너지 계산 알고리즘에서 빠져있어 더 연구가 되어야 할 부분이다. 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 자료들은 디지털 방사선 촬영기의 전처리 과정에 있어서 중요한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2013

엑스선의 에너지가 높으면 엑스선이 피사체(object)를 통과하여 영상의 대조도를 떨어뜨리고 엑스선의 에너지가 낮으면 영상의 대조도는 증가시키지만 엑스선이 피사체에 흡수되어 환자의 피폭선량을 증가시킨다. 그러므로 적정한 엑스선 에너지는 영상의 질과 피폭선량에 영향을 미치는 매우 중요한 요소이다. 본 논문에서는 새로운 양극물질을 사용하는 유방촬영 장치의 도입에 따라 방사선 선질이 다양해진 유방촬영장치의 영상품질관리와 환자선량관리을 위하여 유방촬영장치의 타겟 물질에 따른 에너지스펙트럼을 시뮬레이션하고 팬텀 영상의 화질을 비교하였다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2017

After the grafting of methacrylic acid (MA) to ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), a new peak at $1704cm^{-1}$ corresponding to the carboxylic acid group was observed in the infrared (IR) spectrum. This characteristic MA molecule peak grew larger as the MA contents were increased. After casting films were prepared from pure EPDM and MA-grafted EPDM, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurements were made the pure EPDM exhibited a melting point of approximately $45^{\circ}C$ while that of the MA-grafted EPDM was $135{\sim}140^{\circ}C$. As the graft ratio of MA increased, the absorbed heat capacity increased at temperatures near $135{\sim}140^{\circ}C$, indicating that an increased amount of MA reacted. Furthermore, owing to the addition of crystalline MA, it is expected that strength of the elastomer will improve as the graft ratio increases, as a result of the increased number of hard segments.

• 천문학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2014

We present measurements of the Fe $K{\alpha}$ emission line of the intermediate polar V1223 Sagittarii observed with the Suzaku satellite. The spectrum is modeled with an absorbed thermal bremsstrahlung spectrum and three Gaussians for the three components of the Fe $K{\alpha}$ lines. We resolve the neutral or low-ionized (6.41keV), He-like (6.70keV), and H-like (7.00keV) iron lines. We also obtain a thermal continuum temperature of 25 keV, which supports a thermal origin of the hard X-rays observed from the shock heated layers of gas between the white dwarf and the shock front. Hence, we believe that the He-like and H-like lines are from the collisional plasma. On the origin of the Fe $K{\alpha}$ fluorescence line, we find that it could be partly from reflections of hard X-rays from the white dwarf surface and the $N_H$ absorption columns. We also discuss the Fe $K{\alpha}$ emission line as veritable tool for the probe of some astrophysical sites.