• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.519-527
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study was conducted to establish a Plant Hardiness Zone (PHZ) map, investigate the effect of global warming on changes in PHZ, and elucidate the difference in the distribution of evergreen trees between the central and southern region within hardiness Zone 7b in Korea. Methods: Mean annual extreme minimum temperature (EMT) and related temperature fluctuation data for 40 years (1981 to 2020) in each of the meteorological observation points were extracted from the Open MET Data Portal of the Korea Meteorological Administration. Using EMT data from 60 meteorological observation points, PHZs were classified according to temperature range in the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map. Changes in PHZs for each decade related to the effects of global warming were analyzed. Temperature fluctuation before and after the day of EMT were analyzed for 4 areas of Seoul, Suwon, Suncheon, and Jinju falling under Zone 7b. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics and ANOVA were performed using the IBM SPSS 22 Statistics software package. Results: Plant hardiness zones in Korea ranged from 6a to 9b. Over four decades, changes to warmer PHZ occurred in 10 areas, especially in colder ones. Based on the analysis of daily temperature fluctuation, the duration of sub-zero temperatures was at least 2 days in Seoul and Suwon, while daily maximum temperatures were above zero in Suncheon and Jinju before and after EMT day. Conclusion: It was found that the duration of sub-zero temperatures in a given area is an important factor affecting the distribution of evergreen trees in PHZ 7b.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제31B권2호
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• pp.56-68
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• 1994

The objective of camera calibration is to determine the internal optical characteristics of camera and the three-dimensional position and orientation of camera with respect to the real world. Calibration procedure for computer vision should be automatical, accurate and applicable to general purpose cameras and lenses. In this paper, we present camera calibration method which meets the above requirements. The algorithm is based on the two-stage method which takes into account lens distortion in the second stage. In this paper, the overdetermined nonlinear system is established in terms of the constraints to all directions and our calibration algorithm is proposed which is constructed by using Marquardt iterations and our calibration algorithm is proposed which is constructed by using Marquardt iteration method in solving nonlinear equations. Experimental results indicate that lens distortion should be taken into consideration for the calibration of the general-purpose lens. With 24 calibration points acquired out of 512$\times$512 image, the proposed algorithm came up with average error of less than 1 pixel and showed a higher accuracy over the conventional two-stage method.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.701-707
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• 1987

This paper is concerned with an accurate delay time modling of the ED MOS logic gates and its application to the multiple delay logic simulator. The proposed delay model of the ED MOS logic gate takes account of the effects of not only the loading conditions but also the slope of the input waveform. Defining delay as the time spent by the current imbalance of the active inverter to charge and discharge the output load, with respect to physical reference levels, rise and fall model delay times are obtained in an explicit formulation, using optimally weighted imbalance currents at the end points of the voltage transition. A logic simulator which uses multiple rise/fall delays based on the model as decribed in the above has been developed. The new delay model and timing verification method are evaluated with repect to delay accuracy and execution time.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.139-146
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to identify aesthetic concepts of‘Sarangbang’furniture during the Yi-dynasty period and aesthetic descriptions indicating each concept expressed by experts in traditional furniture. The furniture selected for the study includes desks, table bookcases, document and stationary boxes (mungab), letter holders (Kobi) and inkstone boxes (younsang) with lacquer and oil finish on. The respondents were 72 traditional furniture experts; researchers collectors, sellers and artists related to period furniture. The important points of aesthetic descriptors were collected 123 from related literature. From experts' answers, 47 representative descriptors were selected. Data were analyzed with the SPSS using frequency, Percentage mean, factor analysis, t-test and C2. The results were as follows; 1. The aesthetic concept of sarangbang furniture during the Yi-dynasty can be categorized into 9 aspects; appearance of beauty, stability the interior space, naturalness, nobleness/harmony of lines, detail/refinement, simplicity, diversity solidity and surface division. 2. The characteristics of the Korean traditional furniture can be described using 47 descriptors explaining 9 concepts mentioned above.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 1995

Nutrition knowledge of mothers who had middle-school studients was investigated using questionnaire about nutrition knowledge and food habit. The results were summerized as follows ; The mean score of nutrition knowledge was 25.3 (out of possible-80-80points), which score was slightly lower than those of other studies. the percentage of perceived knowledge and accuracy of the knowledge were 77.7% and 79.6%, respectively. these scores were influenced by general characteristics such as age, education, occupation, income, food expense. With decreasing age and increasing education level, family income, nutritional knowledge score, the percentage of perceived knowledge and accuracy were significantly getting higher. The levels of both perceived knowledge and accuracy on the necessi쇼 of vitamins and minerals were above 90%. However, the accuracy on protein quality and dietary fiber was below 40%. The better food habit a subject had, the higher was the nutrition knowledge score.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1119-1128
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to collect and analyze clinical studies on acupuncture therapies of Post-stroke depression, and to suggest a method on study about acupuncture therapies. In this thesis, electronic searches were performed. Also, 6 major journals associated with oriental medicine in Korea were searched manually. Through searching, 27 studies were selected and analyzed. There were 24 controlled studies and 3 non-controlled studies. Treatment methods were acupuncture, electronic-acupuncture, eye-acupuncture, abdominal-acupuncture and pharmaco-puncture. The percentages of these treatment method were 59.2%, 29.6%, 3.7%, 3.7% and 3.7%, respectively. Acupuncture points such as GV20, PC6, ST36, SP6, LV3, GV24, GV26, LI14, LI11, H7, ST40, GB20, GB34 and LI15 were used. In comparison of results before and after acupuncture treatment, there were statistically significant improvement in 26 studies. Based on the results from above, the studies on acupuncture for Post-stroke depression needs to be standardized and more appropriate high-quality study models should be introduced.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2011

The market of conferences and expos of traditional/ complementary and alternative medicine has not been mature enough while interests in those medicines are growing fast. Meanwhile, some related events in Europe, North America, and Asia, held on regular basis, have reached to the international level in size, such as CAMExpo The Complementary, Natural & Healthcare Show in Europe, Integrative Healthcare Symposium in North America, Ayurveda Congress & Arogya Expo in India, International Conference and Exhibition of the Modernization of Chinese Medicine & Health Products in Hong Kong. Those events have been held for 10 years or so, initiated their own features, and secured their own regular booth exhibitors and visitors. They open the homepage on the internet one or two years before their events are held and vigorously advertise their events on yearly basis. To succeed in, and bear fruits from, the 2013 World Traditional Medicine Expo in Sancheong, it is needed to analyze strong points of the events above and benchmark a practical timeline and technical road map to the 2013 Expo from them.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.75-83
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• 1998

본 연구는 교정 치료를 위한 진단과 치료 계획의 수립에 널리 이용되는 진단 수단의 하나인 두부 방사선 사진을 계측하는 연구에서 볼 수 있는 오류의 중요성을 인식하고, 반복 계측의 방법으로 체계적 오차(systematic error)를 찾아내고 임의적오차(random error)의 범위를 산출하는 과정을 통해 기준점의 식별에 보다 주의가 기울여져야 할 해부학적 기준점들을 찾아보고자 시행되었는데, 통법에 의해 촬영된 100장의 측모 두부 방사선 사진을 연구대상으로 하여 61개의 기준점과 130개의 계측항목을 선정하였고 반복계측을 위해 25개의 표본을 무작위로 선정, 계측오차를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 반복계측에 따른 계측치의 비교에서 130개 전체 계측항목의 18.4%인 24개 항목에서 유의성 있는 차이를 보였다. 2. 반복계측에서 기준점 식별에 차이를 보이는 빈도는 상악 전치의 치근단점(as), 상악골의 최후방벽(tu), 연조직 nasion과 전두정(ft) 그리고 기도의 ad3점에서 매우 높았다. 3. 5%이하의 유의도를 보이는 수준까지 기준점 마킹을 수정한 후, 임의적오차의 범위는 0.67-1.71mm또는 도를 보였다. 4. 가장 임의적오차를 보인 계측항목은 상, 하악 전치가 이루는 각(interincisal angle : ILs-ILi)이었다. 5. 계측 오차의 문제는 주로 해부학적 정의에 대한 정확성의 부족과 불분명한 방사선사진상에 기인되었다. 이상의 연구 결과로 두부 방사선 사진의 계측에는 많은 오류의 가능성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었고 이에 따라 두부방사선 계측에서 뿐 아니라 계측이 이루어지는 모든 연구에서는 항상 계측오류에 대한 분석이 함께 이루어져야 할 것이며, 조사자로서 뿐만 아니라 다른 연구자의 연구결과를 올바르게 인식하기 위한 목적으로도 오류에 대한 인식은 필수적인 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 1997

In order to investigate experimentally that effect of Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture on acutely damaged liver of rats induced by radix aconiti, the author gave Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture according to method of manufacture stimulation to corresponding points, Kan-su(B18) and Ki-mun(Liv14), and carried out hematological, serological observation. Experimental groups were divided into 2 group : the one group was injected with extracted solution prepared by distillation method (A aqua-acupuncture treatment group), the other group was injected with extracted solution prepared by alchol extraction method (B aqua-acupuncture treatment group). The following results were obtained : 1. WBC level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 12, 24 and 48 hours as compared with the control group. RBC and hemoglobin levels were not changed significantly in the experimental groups. 2. Total cholesterol level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 12, 24 and 48 hours as compared with the control group. ALP level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 6 and 24 hours as compared with the control group. ${\gamma}-GTP$ level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours as compared with the control group. 3. GOT level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 6 and 12 hours as compared with the control group. GPT level was decreased siginificantly in the experimental groups at 12, 24 and 96 hours as compared with the control group. According to the above findings, it is considered that Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture has effects of recovery of acutely damaged liver.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.307-311
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• 2007

Purpose: The aim of this study was simply assessing linear measurements in the lateral and medial approach, respectively, for bone harvesting using anatomic and three-dimensional(3D) computed tomographic(CT) analyses on a dried cadaveric proximal tibia. In addition, the availability of the three-dimensional computed tomographic(3D-CT) analysis was also estimated. Materials and methods: Ten dried proximal tibia were obtained from five Korean cadavers. Four the reference points, the SM(superior-medial), IM(inferior-medial), SL(superior-lateral), and IL(inferior-lateral) were marked around the tibial tuberosity. The PM(posterior-medial) and PL(posterior-lateral) points were randomly marked at points farthest from the lateral and medial reference points, respectively, in the posterior border of the superior articular surface of both condyles. All measurements were obtained on the dried proximal tibia. After computed tomography had been performed, the three dimensional images were reconstructed using V works $4.0^{TM}$(Cybermed Inc., Seoul, Korea), and the length between the reference points were measured three dimensionally using the method described above. The error between the mean actual and mean 3D-CT measurements was calculated in order to determine the availability of the three dimensional computed tomographic analysis. Results: The length between the reference points was greatest at the IL-PM, which averaged $65.39mm{\pm}10.35$. This was followed by the SL-PM with $63.24mm{\pm}8.10$, the IM-PL with $58.09mm{\pm}10.02$, and the SM-PL with $51.99mm{\pm}9.06$. The differences between the IL-PM and SM-PL were 13.4 mm. The mean values were 55.04 mm in the medial approach and 64.32 mm in the lateral approach, and the differences between medial and lateral were 9.28 mm. The error between the mean actual and mean 3D-CT measurements was 0.31% and the standard deviation was 0.28%. Conclusion: The anatomical and three dimensional computed tomographic analysis indicates that there was only a 9.28 mm linear difference between the lateral and medial approach. This is consistent with previous studies, which showed that there was little difference between the two approaches in terms of the bone volume. In addition, the error(0.31%) and the standard deviation(0.28%) were considered low, demonstrating high accuracy of 3D-CT. Therefore it can be used in preoperative treatment planning.