• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2017

This study conducted in-depth interviews with twelve men in their twenties and employed the Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique (ZMET) to identify the ideal self-image and fantasy of men wearing makeup. The results are as follows. First, the ideal self-images of men wearing makeup can be divided into 7 images (well-managed, dissimilar from real identity, masculine, neat, stylish, standing out, and formal). Men who wear makeup pursued an alternative decent image that is different from their reality. They want to be manly, attractive, decorous, and eye-catching through a better looking face. Second, men who wear makeup have insecurities about their looks and personalities that creates dissatisfaction with reality and a desire for a different idealistic self. Makeup was the tool to create the other entity. Makeup facilitated a fantasy of becoming another to gain increased confidence in social relationships. However, without makeup, they showed a lack of confidence and became intimidated that made them even further dependent on makeup. Third, the process helped participants complete a consensus map that represented the emotional and reasoning structures of men wearing makeup. This study showed 7 ideal self-images of men wearing makeup with a fantasy to create a desired ideal self by wearing makeup. The study can be applied to marketing strategy for men's cosmetics and plates' designs.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.921-937
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• 2006

In this paper, we apply fuzzy theory in a discrete choice Contingent Valuation Method(CVM) in order for dealing preference uncertainty problem. Fuzzy membership function is used in an empirical analysis to estimate the willingness-to-pay(WTP) for the preservation of the endangered Asiatic Black Bear in Korea. The estimated WTP was about 9,090 Korea Won per household with 78 percent of confidence level. The advantage of applying fuzzy theory in the valuation method could be found in its ability to measure the confidence level of the estimated WTP.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.543-552
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• 1998

A sruvey was conducted to investigate the consumer perception of farm products and processed foods, and to figure out the future direction of food supply system to satisfy the consumer need. From the citizens in Taegu area, 532 housewives were selected as sample subjects by stratified random sam-pling procedure. The main criteria of consumers for purchasing farm products was quality and the main reason for purchasing imported products was cheap price(48.9%). Most of consumers(87%) thought that food safety of farm products was not belong to safe level. Consumers(79.7%) perceived that the labeling system for the place of origin and for the quality are necessary, but they did not have confidence in the current label. Nearly all the subjects(93.6%) were concerned about the hazardness of residual chemicals of imported products, desired the rigorous inspection system for imported products. Consumers in Taegu area had confidence in processed foods in the following order; farmerbrand-product(0.9%), government-authorized farm product(30.0%) and agricultural cooperative association product(26.4%). However, only 73.6% of the consumers had the experience to purchase farmers' processed foods. As a conclusion, it appeared that nutrition education for consumers on food-decision making is strongly required for the substantial segment of population who are still ignorant of safety of imported product and food distribution system.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.468-476
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• 2002

The confidence of information from image processing depends on the original image quality. Enhancing the confidence by an algorithm has an essential limitation. Especially, road images are exposed to lots of noisy sources, which makes image processing difficult. We, in this paper, propose a FNN (fuzzy-neural network) capable oi deciding the quality of a road image prior to extracting lane-related information. According to the decision by the FNN, road images are classified into good or bad to extract lane-related information. A CDF (cumulative distribution function), a function of edge histogram, is utilized to construct input parameters of the FNN, it is based on the fact that the shape of the CDF and the image quality has large correlation. Input pattern vector to the FNN consists of ten parameters in which nine parameters are from the CDF and the other one is from intensity distribution of raw image. Correlation analysis shows that each parameter represents the image quality well. According to the experimental results, the proposed FNN system was quite successful. We carried out simulations with real images taken by various lighting and weather conditions and achieved about 99% successful decision-making.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.368-375
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine rate of breastfeeding practice at 3 months and to examine predictors for breastfeeding practice. Method: Study subjects were 114 mothers who gave birth at one hospital in Busan area. Data regarding breastfeeding practice and potentially related factors to breastfeeding were collected through a self-administered questionaire at 1 weeks and a telephone survey at 3 months. Logistic regression was used to identifiy significant the predictors on breastfeeding practice. Result: Rate of breastfeeding practice was 46.5% at three months of postpartum. The significant predictors for performing breastfeeding were lower the experience of breastfeeding trouble problem(OR=.88 compared with breastfeeding women, 95% CI; 78-.99), higher first breastfeeding satisfaction (OR=1.81 compared with non-breastfeeding women, 95% CI; 1.08-3.32), higher breastfeeding confidence(OR=1.84 compared with non-breastfeeding women, 95% CI; 1.08-3.32). Conclusion: The findings suggest the necessity of support program for mothers during the positive postpartum period to provide correct information about breastfeeding knowledge and attitude and to teach problem-solving skills for any breastfeeding problems for highere rate of breastfeeding practice

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.646-656
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• 2012

This study area was Saemangeum Reservoir in Korea and the applied model was Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code(EFDC). It was the same as the scenarios to the boundary and initial conditions except the resolutions of the model grids. The resolutions were about 800 and 2,000 cells. It was considered scenario 1 and 2. The model was performed to simulate the water temperature, salinity, water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen(DO), chemical oxygen demand(COD), total nitrogen(T-N), and total phosphorus(T-P) at 2008. The simulation results of the two scenarios were reflected in the trend of observed data tolerably. However, water flow, water temperature, and salinity showed high confidence level at the scenario 1. The water quality items did not present high confidence level at the scenario 1 because which concept was considered to biochemical and physical processes. This result shows that grid resolution has an influence on the water transport and the effect is reflected directly shallow and narrow water area. But, the selection of grid resolution should be considered the purpose of model simulation and the process of target items.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.656-662
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• 2009

In this paper, the heat resistance reliability of an axial smoke exhaust fan was investigated. An axial smoke exhaust fan should be capable of operating at $250^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. The heat resistance reliability was evaluated by the heat resistance reliability test. A B10 life with a 90% confidence level was estimated to be about 48 minute. The failure occurred in the motor due to high temperature. The main failure mechanisms of the motor were melting of bond and insulating paper and burning of insulating materials in the coil. The heat resistance reliability was improved by changing the way to unite the core and the coil and by replacing the insulating paper and the insulating materials of the coil. A B10 life with a 90% confidence level of a modified axial smoke exhaust fan was estimated to be over 120 minute.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.207-212
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• 2012

This research explores the effect of features of political candidate on the electors' emotion and support. Though lots of researches have been proceeded about nonverbal communication clues such as posture, gesture, makeup, the research on the effect of glasses which can express in the face of candidate on the electors can not be easily found. For this experimental research, 2 group of subjects composed of university students was exposed to different type of TV address video and respond to survey questions which were analysed by SPSS program. This research found that the glasses of candidate could affect good feeling and support of electors but not on intimacy and confidence of them.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.99-111
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to identify women's clothing image according to their body image. Self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection. The results were as followed: First, the body image was shown in three dimensions of care for appearance, concern about weight, and appearance attractiveness. And clothing image was shown in seven dimensions of gorgeousness, beauty, sophistication, comfort, confidence, neatness, and feminity. Second, women were segmented into interest in appearance attractiveness group, body image intermediate group, appearance & weight concern group, and body image retard group. Interest in appearance attractiveness group and appearance & weight concern group were found frequently among women in 20s and students or unmarried women, preferred for gorgeousness and feminity of clothing more, and enjoyed internet shopping. Appearance & weight concern group was heavier than interest in appearance attractiveness group. Body image intermediate group were found frequently among women of lower education, and shopped at stores. Third, younger unmarried women preferred for beauty, confidence, and feminity of clothing image and older women preferred for comfort more. Women who preferred for beauty and sophistication of clothing image shopped at internet shopping mall more frequently.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.32-40
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• 2018

Since 2000, the frequency of earthquakes beyond the 5.0 magnitude quake has been increasing in the Korean peninsula. For instance, the 5.0-magnitude earthquake in Baekryong-do in 2003 has occurred, and recent earthquake with Gyeongju(2016) and Pohang(2017) measured respectively magnitude of 5.2 and 5.8 on the Richter scale. As results, the public concern and anxiety about earthquakes are increasing, and therefore it is necessarily required for social infrastructure to reinforce seismic design and energy production facilities directly related to the national economy and security. This study represents the analysis of seismic performance evaluation methodology such as Seismic Margin Assessment (SMA), Seismic Probabilistic Risk Assessment (SPRA), High Confidence Low Probability Failure (HCLPF) in nuclear power plants in order to develop optimal seismic performance improvement. Current methodologies to evaluate nuclear power plants are also addressed. Through review of the nuclear structure evaluation past and current trend, it contributes to be the basis for the improvement of evaluation techniques on the next generation of nuclear power plants.