• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2010

Objectives: The objective of the current study is to determine whether an ultrasound device system is adequate for measuring distance from Sangwan (CV13) to pancreas. Methods: We recruited 3 healthy young male subjects and 2 sonographers. The each sonographer measured vertical shortest distance from CV13 to pancreas with a ultrasound device three times in random order. Because the total variation could be divided into repeatability, reproducibility and subject-to-subject variation in Gage R&R method, we compared the sources of variation associated with the measurement system with an analysis of variance model. Results & Conclusions: Number of distinct categories is calculated on the basis of standard deviation of subject-to-subject divided by standard deviation of total Gage R&R. If the number of categories is five or more, the measurement system may be acceptable for the analysis of the process. The number of distinct categories of the ultrasound device system for measuring distance from CV13 to pancreas was 6.29. So we concluded that repeatability and reproducibility of the ultrasound device system for measuring distance from CV13 to pancreas was acceptable.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2015

Purpose: Abdominal breathing exercises are recommended to activate the breathing muscles and the pelvic floor muscles, as well as to increase postural alignment during exhalation. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of improving abdominal muscle strength on menstrual pain in women in their twenties using abdominal breathing exercises. Method: In this study, 32 female university students were included as the subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups based on the area of menstrual pain: lumbar pain (n=16) and lower abdomen pain (n=16). The abdominal breathing positions were divided into two positions, which included a hook lying position and hip and knee flexions at $90^{\circ}$ in the supine position. Exercises were used to strengthen the abdominal muscles during exhalation. Four sets of the exercises were completed three times a week over the course of eight weeks. The degree of pain was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Muscle thickness was measured using an ultrasound. Result: The thickness of the transverse abdominis (TrA) and internal oblique (IO) increased in the lower abdomen pain group. However, thickness of the external oblique (EO) did not increased following abdominal breathing. No significant difference in posture was identified in the lower abdomen group. TrA thickness increased significantly in the lumbar pain group. However, thickness did not increase significantly in the lumbar pain group. In addition, the lumbar pain group experienced no significant effects on posture. IO thickness increased following hip and knee flexions at $90^{\circ}$ in the lumbar pain group. Menstrual pain decreased following intervention in both groups. There was no significant difference in the degree of pain reduction between both groups. Conclusion: As examples of alternative medicine, abdominal breathing exercises may be effective in decreasing menstrual pain.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.39-47
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate a comparative study on the effects of maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) and thickness of the abdominal muscles through two Kegel exercise postures. Methods : Twenty eight (male= 7, female= 21) subjects participated in this experiment. They performed Kegel exercise in sitting and hooklying. The order of exercise was conducted in the order chosen by the subjects to exclude the learning effect. The MVV was measured using a spirometer. The thickness of the abdominal muscles were measured by ultrasound. The MVV and thickness of the abdominal muscles were measured according to the manual in a sitting and hooklying position before the experiment. After each exercise, the MVV and thickness of the abdominal muscles were also measured in the same way. A one way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the MVV and thickness of the abdominal muscles according to two postures and post hoc analysis, Bonferroni was used. Results : As a result of this study, significant differences in the MVV were observed after exercise than before exercise (p<.05). However, as a result of post hoc analysis, there was no difference in the MVV according to the postures (p>.05). Significant differences in thickness of the abdominal muscles were observed after exercise than before exercise (p<.05). However, as a result of post hoc analysis, there was no difference in thickness of the abdominal muscles according to the postures (p>.05). Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, the MVV and the thickness of the abdominal muscles were confirmed in the sitting and hooklying posture after Kegel exercise. However, further studies on vital capacity and abdominal muscles according to Kegel exercise postures should be conducted.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.204-208
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• 1995

Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage is frequently associated with birth trauma or perinatal hypoxia. Hemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal glands is often found at autopsy and many small lesions are usually asymptomatic. A palpable abdominal mass and jaundice are the usual presenting signs. Ultrasound is very useful in the diagnosis of this lesion; however, if the mass has mixed echoic pattern, magnetic resonance imaging (MRl) is helpful for the differential diagnosis from neuroblastoma. We present the case of a female newborn who was found to have a abdominal mass on physical examination. The patient showed anemia and hyperbilirubinemia. An ultrasonogram disclosed a $3.8{\times}3.0$ cm suprarenal mass with mixed echoic pattern. The mass was initially suspected to be neuroblastoma. An abdominal computed tomogram was not able to differentiate the mass. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed markedly increased signal intensity on T1 and T2-weighted sequences. This finding was consistent with adrenal hemorrhage. Serial sonogram demonstrated the mass that resolved completely by 12 weeks of age.

• Kosin Medical Journal
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.391-395
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• 2018

We report a case of a patient with locally advanced prostate cancer who had only lymph node involvement without bone metastasis on F-18 FDG PET/CT. A 62-year-old Korean male was admitted to our hospital due to dysuria. His PSA level on admission was 79.35 ng/mL. A transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy confirmed prostate cancer and his Gleason score was 10 (5+5). F-18 FDG PET/CT demonstrated a hypermetabolic mass lesion with SUVmax 7.0 in the prostate and hypermetabolism with SUVmax 4.7 of the abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. Tc-99m HDP bone scan showed no significant bone metastasis. The patient underwent hormonal therapy for 9 months. Follow-up F-18 FDG PET/CT showed significantly reduced size and FDG uptake in the prostate and abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. In this case, treatment monitoring with F-18 FDG PET/CT showed decreased mass size and FDG uptake in the prostate and abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.55-61
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• 2023

Objectives : To review the needling depth, therapeutic and adverse effects of intraperitoneal acupuncture and related acupoints. Methods : Studies and reports from the literature, Korean medical health insurance data and databases were searched and selected. Results : The depth of needle insertion for acupoints related to intraperitoneal acupuncture has been documented to range from 0.9 to 10.5 cm depending on the acupoints and literature. In studies of safe needling depth, the justice of safe needling depth varied from study to study, but was generally based on the peritoneum, and the depth varies by patient age, sex, body type, and weight. Clinical studies in China have shown good efficacy and no side effects of abdominal long needle acupuncture, but there have been case reports of adverse events following abdominal acupuncture. Conclusions : To ensure both therapeutic effectiveness and safety of intraperitoneal acupuncture, It is necessary to utilize the ultrasound in clinical practice and conduct related research.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.95-108
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• 2004

This nationwide survey was conducted to evaluate the current status of clinical practice for gastric cancer patients in Korea. The Information Committee of the Korean Gastric Cancer Association (KGCA) sent questionnaires containing 45 items about the preoperative diagnosis, medical and surgical treatment, and postoperative follow-up for gastric cancer patients to all 298 KGCA members in 108 institutes. Response rates were $32.6\%$ (97/298) for individuals and $59.3\%$ (64/108) for institutes. Most university hospitals responded (response rate of university hospitals: $71.6\%$, 48/67). The preoperative staging work up was performed primarily by abdominal CT, followed by bone scans, abdominal ultrasound, endoscopic ultrasound, and so on. Gastric cancer patients with stages II, III, and IV usually received adjuvant chemotherapy after a curative operation. About half of the surgeons regarded 2 cm as a safe resection margin in early gastric cancer and 5 cm in advanced gastric cancer. More than half of surgeons usually performed a D2 lymph node dissection in early gastric cancer and D2+$\alpha$ lymph node dissection in advanced gastric cancer. About $20\%$ of surgeons performed less invasive surgery and/or function-preserving surgery, such as a pylorus-preserving gastrectomy, a laparoscopic wedge resection, or a laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.25-31
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to find out how changes in knee angles in stable and unstable support surfaces affect the muscle thickness of core muscles. Methods: The subjects of this study were 25 male adult. Each knee angle of 120, 90 and 60 degrees, they were performed bridge exercise on the stabilized surface and on the unstable support surface using TOGU, and measured the muscle thickness of the external and internal oblique muscle and the abdominal muscles through ultrasound images. Results: There was no significant difference between the thickness of the rectus abdominis and the internal oblique muscle depending on the support surface and the knee joint bending angles. However, there was a significant difference between the external oblique muscle and the transverse abdominis muscle by knee joint flexion angle. Conclusion: While the muscle thickness of the core muscle was not significantly affected by each support surface during the bridge exercise, there were significant changes in the core muscle as a result of changes in knee angle.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.883-889
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• 2021

This study was conducted on 101 patients who visited hospital for abdominal ultrasonography from May 2020 to December 2020. The purpose of this study was to find out the elasticity according to the ultrasound images (echo pattern, splenomegaly, hepatitis) during the ultrasound examination using the shear wave elastography. The shear wave elastography value of the normal group of the echo pattern was 5.75±1.58 kPa, and the group with the abnormal echo pattern was 8.84±4.94 kPa, and the shear wave elastography value of the abnormal group was high (p<0.05). In normal spleen size, hepatic elasticity value was 6.33±2.54 kPa, and hepatic elasticity value of splenomegaly was 13.73±5.48 kPa. In the case of splenomegaly, the liver elasticity value was high, and there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). As the spleen size increased, the liver elasticity value increased by 1.485 times, and as hepatitis progressed, the liver elasticity value increased by 1.573 times (p<0.05). As a result of analysis of concordance between ultrasound imaging findings and shear wave elastography, the Kappa value was found to be as high as 0.922 (p<0.05), which showed high concordance between the two test methods. Additional comparisons of liver elasticity values in shearwave elastography tests along with liver ultrasound findings are thought to be of great help in diagnosing liver fibrosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.495-502
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• 2020

Kidney stones are a common disease with an annual prevalence of about 30,000 people in Korea, and are deeply related to an increase in chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and abdominal obesity. Therefore, in this study, 135 examinees who visited a general hospital in Dalseong-gun from May 2019 to June 2020 for a medical examination were examined. The relationship between kidney stones and factors related to obesity and metabolic syndrome were found in abdominal ultrasound. I tried to find out the relevance. As a result of the study, the risk of kidney stones in the abnormal group was increased by 4.255 times compared to the normal group in total cholesterol factor, and the risk of kidney stones in the abnormal group was increased by 2.072 times compared to the normal group in the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol factor. Total cholesterol factor and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol It was found that the factor affects the prevalence of kidney stones and metabolic syndrome. Since the risk of kidney stones is related to total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol factors, active attention should be paid to preventive purposes through health check-ups.