• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.291-294
• /
• 2013

There are various origins for chronic abdominal pain. About 10-30% of patients with chronic abdominal pain have abdominal wall pain. Unfortunately, abdominal wall pain is not thought to be the first origin of chronic abdominal pain; therefore, patients usually undergo extensive examinations, including diagnostic laparoscopic surgery. Entrapment of abdominal cutaneous nerves at the muscular foramen of the rectus abdominis is a rare cause of abdominal wall pain. If abdominal wall pain is considered in earlier stage of chronic abdominal pain, unnecessary invasive procedures are not required and patients will reach symptom free condition as soon as the diagnosis is made. Here, we report a case of successful treatment of a patient with abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome by ultrasound guided injection therapy.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.11 no.sup2
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2008

Chronic abdominal pain, defined as long-lasting intermittent or constant abdominal pain, is a common pediatric problem encountered by primary care physicians and medical subspecialists. Chronic abdominal pain in children is usually functional, i.e., without objective evidence of an underlying organic disorder. Functional abdominal pain is categorized as functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal pain, abdominal migraine, and aerophagia according to the Rome II criteria for pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders. There is insufficient evidence to state that the nature of abdominal pain or the presence of associated symptoms can discriminate between functional and organic disorders. The presence of alarming symptoms or signs, such as weight loss, gastrointestinal bleeding, persistent fever, and chronic severe diarrhea, is associated with a higher prevalence of organic disease. Most children with chronic abdominal pain are unlikely to require diagnostic testing; such children often need pharmacologic and behavioral therapy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.129-135
• /
• 2006

Chronic recurrent abdominal pain is a common manifestation in children. Functional abdominal pain is the most common cause of chronic abdominal pain and can be diagnosed properly by the physician without the requirement of specific evaluation when there are no alarm symptoms or signs. Functional abdominal pain is categorized as functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal pain, abdominal migraine, and aerophagia, according to the Rome II criteria for pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders. New concepts on the pathogenesis of functional abdominal pain include brain-gut interaction, visceral hypersensitivity, gastrointestinal dysmotility, inflammation, autonomic dysfunction, genetic predisposition, and triggering factors including psycho-social stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.222-230
• /
• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to identify levels of health teacher's perception and performance on abdominal pain management in elementary schools. Methods: The participants were 207 health teachers in elementary school in B metropolitan city. In a descriptive cross-sectional study, the structured self-report questionnaire was developed based on the literatures and school health care guidelines by the researchers. The data were analyzed using the PASW 18.0 program. Results: The mean scores (${\pm}SD$) on perception and performance of abdominal pain management were $4.02{\pm}0.43$ (range 1~5) and $3.47{\pm}0.41$ (range 1~5), respectively. Their perception and performance of abdominal pain management had a statistically significant correlation (r=.27, p<.001). In a regression analysis, the performance of abdominal pain management was significantly influenced by perception of abdominal pain management, career of health teachers, self-confidence in abdominal pain management, and total number of classes in a school. The regression model explained 19% of the variance of performance of abdominal pain management. Conclusion: These findings showed that the performance levels were lower than its perception levels of elementary school health teachers on abdominal pain management for students. It suggests that the standardized abdominal pain management guideline is developed to improve the performance of school health teachers.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.103-109
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of auricular acupressure therapy on back pain and lower abdominal pain in female undergraduate students during menstruation. Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental design. Data was collected from March 15th to June 31st, 2011. The participants were 20 female university students for the experimental group, and 22 female university students for the control group. visual analogue scale (VAS) with the opening records was used to assess back pain and lower abdominal pain. Data was analyzed using the ${\chi}^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test using the SPSS/WIN 11.0 program. Results: There were statistically significant differences in back pain and lower abdominal pain between the two groups. Auricular acupressure therapy decreased back pain and lower abdominal pain in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The study results show that auricular acupressure therapy is effective in improving back pain and lower abdominal pain in female university students during menstruation. Therefore, auricular acupressure therapy can be considered a useful nursing intervention to promote improvements in back pain and lower abdominal pain related to menstruation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.384-386
• /
• 2005

There have been several reports about abdominal pain due to discitis in children or thoracic disc herniation. However, none of them could verify causal relationship between disc disease and abdominal pain clearly. The authors report a patient with discogenic abdominal pain who had disc degeneration at lower lumbar level without definite protrusion or any evidence of inflammation. We could reproduce the abdominal pain by using discography. The patient was treated by percutaneous disc decompression successfully.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.171-176
• /
• 1988

It is well known that the celiac plexus block is specially useful for relieve intractable upper abdominal pain caused by upper abdominal visceral malignancy or upper abdominal metastasis from distant organs. But in cases of lower abdominal or pelvic metastasis from upper abdominal malignancy, the lower abdominal intractable pain is remained after the successful celiac plexus block. We have reported 7 cases of celiac plexus block combined with lumbar sympathetic ganglion block, among the 305 cases of the celiac plexus block from 1968 to Nov. 1987, performed in patients with lower abdominal or back pain due to carcinomatosis of lower abdominal metastatic malignancy, that their results were excellent for pain relief.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.292-295
• /
• 2006

The diagnosis of chronic abdominal pain due to abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment can be elusive. Tenderness in patients with abdominal pain is naturally assumed to be of either peritoneal or visceral origin. Studies have shown that some patients suffer from prolonged pain in the abdominal wall and are often misdiagnosed, even after unnecessary and expensive diagnostic tests, including potentially dangerous invasive procedures, and treated as having a visceral source for their complaints, even in the presence of negative X-ray findings and atypical symptoms. Abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome is rarely diagnosed, which is possibly due to failure to recognize the condition rather than the lack of occurrence. The accepted treatment for abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome is a local injection, with infiltration of anesthetic agents coupled with steroids. Careful history taking and physical examination, in conjunction with the use of trigger zone injections, can advocate the diagnosis of abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment and preclude any unnecessary workup of these patients. Herein, 3 cases of abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome, which were successfully treated with local anesthetics and steroid, are reported.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.103-109
• /
• 2015

Purpose: Abdominal breathing exercises are recommended to activate the breathing muscles and the pelvic floor muscles, as well as to increase postural alignment during exhalation. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of improving abdominal muscle strength on menstrual pain in women in their twenties using abdominal breathing exercises. Method: In this study, 32 female university students were included as the subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups based on the area of menstrual pain: lumbar pain (n=16) and lower abdomen pain (n=16). The abdominal breathing positions were divided into two positions, which included a hook lying position and hip and knee flexions at $90^{\circ}$ in the supine position. Exercises were used to strengthen the abdominal muscles during exhalation. Four sets of the exercises were completed three times a week over the course of eight weeks. The degree of pain was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Muscle thickness was measured using an ultrasound. Result: The thickness of the transverse abdominis (TrA) and internal oblique (IO) increased in the lower abdomen pain group. However, thickness of the external oblique (EO) did not increased following abdominal breathing. No significant difference in posture was identified in the lower abdomen group. TrA thickness increased significantly in the lumbar pain group. However, thickness did not increase significantly in the lumbar pain group. In addition, the lumbar pain group experienced no significant effects on posture. IO thickness increased following hip and knee flexions at $90^{\circ}$ in the lumbar pain group. Menstrual pain decreased following intervention in both groups. There was no significant difference in the degree of pain reduction between both groups. Conclusion: As examples of alternative medicine, abdominal breathing exercises may be effective in decreasing menstrual pain.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.12 no.sup1
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 2009

Functional gastrointestinal disorders are among the most common medical problems in children. Abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders can be categorized as functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal migraine and childhood functional abdominal pain according to the Rome III criteria for pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this paper was to examine the evidence supporting the use of the range of therapeutic options available for functional gastrointestinal disorders.