• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to find out which exercise is more effective for the activation of the trunk, when the suspension plank and modified bridge exercise are performed. Weakening of the trunk muscles can lead to secondary injuries such as back injuries. In order to prevent injury, trunk muscles must be strengthened, and representative trunk strengthening exercises include planks and bridges. Each has been developed with a modified method, but since there is no paper comparing which exercise is more effective for trunk muscle strength, it was written to compare the two exercises. METHODS: The subjects were a random sample of 30 healthy men who agreed to participate in the study. The subjects were divided into two groups of 15 people each, and the suspension plank and the modified bridge exercise were performed for six weeks. The thickness of the transverse abdominis (TrA), internal abdominal oblique (IO), external abdominal oblique (EO), rectus abdominis (RA), multifidus (MF) was measured before and after the exercise. The two groups were analyzed using an independent t-test and paired t-test to compare the muscle thickness and the difference before and after exercise. RESULTS: The trunk muscle thickness was increased in both groups with suspension plank and modified bridge exercise, and there was a statistically significant difference. When comparing the two groups, the suspension plank group also showed a significant difference in RA (p<.05). CONCLUSION: As a result of this study, suspension plank exercise can have a positive effect on activating the trunk muscles and strengthening the strength of RA. Therefore, it is considered that suspension plank exercise is a more effective intervention to strengthen trunk muscle than modified bridge exercise.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.247-255
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the maximum core muscle activation angle according to core-strengthening exercises. Method: Twenty-six young female football players (age: $17.84{\pm}0.80years$, height: $163.08{\pm}5.25cm$, weight: $54.96{\pm}7.41kg$) registered in the Korea Football Association from D High School located in Seoul were the subjects of this research. An electromyogram (Noraxon, USA) was used for monitoring the maximum core muscle contraction activity. Results: The angle for the maximum core muscle strength per core exercise and muscle was the smallest for the upper rectus abdominis in the windshield wiper exercise. The angle of the vastus medialis was significantly the largest. The range of angles at which the maximum strength was observed for each core exercise were as follows: 1) abdominal flutter kicks ($11{\sim}40^{\circ}$), 2) leg raises ($21{\sim}34^{\circ}$), 3) scissors ($45{\sim}66^{\circ}$), 4) knee to elbow sit-ups ($42{\sim}64^{\circ}$), 5) reverse crunches ($9{\sim}40^{\circ}$), 6) butt-ups ($24{\sim}32^{\circ}$), 7) V sit-ups ($5{\sim}24^{\circ}$), 8) windshield wipers ($11{\sim}20^{\circ}$), 9) bird dog ($11{\sim}18^{\circ}$), and 10) raised leg plank ($38{\sim}50^{\circ}$). Conclusion: Four kinds of motion could be classified according to the range of angles at which the core muscles were maximally activated. The first group involves the range of motion that gives the maximum muscle strength when the lower extremity and ground angle was between $5^{\circ}$ and $24^{\circ}$, such as the V sit-ups, windshield wipers, and bird dog. The second group comprised the flutter kicks and reverse crunches at an angle between $9^{\circ}$ and $40^{\circ}$. The third group comprised the leg raise and butt-up exercises at an angle between $21^{\circ}$ and $34^{\circ}$. The fourth group included the scissors, knee to elbow sit-ups, and raised leg plank at an angle between $38^{\circ}$ and $66^{\circ}$. These results may be useful as basic data for core movement and core muscle training according to the purpose of exercise.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-20
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• 1998

Activity of the trunk muscles is essential for maintaining stability of the lumbar spine because of the unstable structure of that portion of the spine. The central nervous system deals with stabilization of the spine by contraction of the abdominal and multifidus muscles in anticipations of reactive forces produced by limb movement. Recent evidence indicates that the lumbar multifidus muscle and transversus abdominis muscle may be involved in controlling spinal stability. Stabilization training in neutral spine is an integrated approach of education in proper posture and body mechanics along with exercise to improve strength, flexibility, muscular and cardiovascular endurance, and coordination of movement.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.684-692
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of an exercise program on physical fitness, obesity indices, and blood lipids in cases of non-obese and obese women. Method: Data was collected from May, 2006 to November, 2006 in a public health center. All Subjects(37 women) participated in an exercise program that consisted of Latin dance, muscular strength training, and dumbbell exercises. Thirty-seven women were divided into two groups(16 non-obese women and 21 obese women) by %body fat. After 8 weeks, the effects of treatment were compared between pre-test and post-test in each group. Results: Physical fitness(abdominal muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, agility, balance) was significantly different between the pre-test and post-test in the non-obese and obese group. Obesity indices(body weight, BMI) was significantly different in obese women after the 8-week exercise program. There was no decrease of blood lipids in either group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that an exercise program could be an effective nursing intervention to increase physical fitness in non-obese and obese women and to decrease obesity indices(body weight, BMI) in obese women.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.577-586
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• 2009

Aging is associated with decreased energy expenditure, thermogenesis and energy requirements. Maintenance of physical fitness of the elderly has been reported to reduce the rate at which the basal metabolic rate, muscle strength, skeletal muscle mass and bone density deteriorate. Skeletal muscle disease is known to increase the risk of physical disability and psychological problems. This study was conducted to investigate changes in disability, emotional problems, body compositions, obesity indices and nutrient intake levels according to physical fitness with the elderly in rural areas. According to the results, physical fitness was negatively related with Activities of Daily Living(ADL, p<0.05), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living(IADL, p<0.001), Body Mass Index(BMI, p<0.001) and abdominal obesity(p<0.05), while it showed a positive correlation with the General Self Efficacy Scale(GSES)(p<0.001) and nutrient intake(p<0.05). When changes in these factors were compared according to the range of quartile of the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale(FAB Scale), GSES(Q1=35.3, Q2=43.5, Q3=53.2, Q4=51.9, p<0.001), BMI(Q1=36.1%, Q2=34.7%, Q3=33.2%, Q4=28.6%, p<0.01), abdominal obesity(Q1=1.02, Q2=0.99, Q3=0.97, Q4=0.94, p<0.001) and nutrient intake(Q1=71.1%, Q2=75.4%, Q3=80.6%, Q4=80.2%, p<0.05) differed significantly. Taken together, these results suggested that better physical fitness would lead to a reduction in negative factors including physical disability and obesity indices, but to an increase in positive factors such as GSES and nutrient intake. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for the development of programs to promote the health of the elderly in a local society.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.608-617
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of core training on the abdominal muscle strength, sargent lumps, Y-balance and equilibrium freestyle skiers'. Fourteen freestyle players were randomly assigned to the exercise group(Ex)(n=7) and control groups(Con)(n=7). Ex undertook a 8-week training program that included exercises for the Bench, Sideway bench, and Nordic hamstring whereas Con performed their usual activities. Muscular fitness were significant effect observed, but there was no difference between groups. The Y-balance test was effective in the front left, and the left and right left posteromedial showed significantly differences between the groups. In the total score, the Ex decreased to 7.5cm in the left and right difference and 1.66cm in the post, but the control group increased from 3.73cm in the pre-test to 7.01cm in the post-test. In the Equilibrium test, there was significant result in condition(C) in C2, C5, and C6. In conclusion, the 8-week core training was found to have a beneficial effect on the postural control in freestyle skiers'.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.35-46
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of sit-up exercise using gym ball unit on lower extremity strength. Method: Subjects consisted of 12 G University student (Male:6/Female:6) aged 23~26 years. The experiment progressed with 2 groups according to different size gym balls. and diameter of each gym ball is 45cm / 65cm. The measurement of strength of lower extremity was taken by isokinetic exercise machine(Biodex Medical, Inc, USA) Result: The results of this study were as follow. There were not different of Peak torque and Average Power between 65cm gymball and 45cm gymball. in other words using the 45cm gym ball and 65cm gym ball sit-up exercise were both effective for strengthening of lower extremity. Conclusion: Sit-up exercise on all of less than 65cm gym ball was effective for strengthening of lower extremity, furthermore it was helpful for keeping uprighting posture also it is affect on abdominal strengthening. As a result sit-Up Exercise Using Gym Ball is effective for a person with weak lower extremity and a person need uprighting posture.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.43-49
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a taping therapy as effective intervention for patients with the back pain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of taping intervention on the VAS evaluated score and he muscular activation degree among 119 paramedics with musculoskeletal injury. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, data was collected from 15 paramediecs in the paramedics department of 3 fire stations under J city's fire defense headquarters. The following results can be obtained by measuring the subjective, the back muscle strength and the buckling-anteflexion before and after the taping for 15 119 paramedics. Through the verification experiment of taping effect to paramedics during the stretcher lifting in this study the VAS evaluated score for the backache are $1.67{\pm}0.62$ before and $0.80{\pm}0.68$ after the application of taping which show statistically significant decrease(p<0.05). In the experimentof joint operation range the measured buckling anteflexion length are $14.62cm{\pm}4.89$ before and $16.41cm{\pm}4.11cm$ after the application of taping which show statistically meaningful difference(p<0.05). In the comparison of muscle activity about paramedics erector spinae(ES) shows the meaningful decrease and external obliques(EO) displays the significant increase. Erector spinae(ES) and internal obliques(IO) show the increasing trend in the muscle activity although they are not significant. the muscle activity for the erector spinae is lowered so that the contribution to the force required for the extensor during the stretcher lifting is resultingly reduced to have the effects of enhancing the activity of abdominal muscles.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5180-5188
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 12-weeks aquarobics on metabolic syndrome risk factors and health fitness in 25 abdominally obese elderly women. As the results, while waist circumference(87.40/82.76cm, p<.01) decreased, HDL-C(41.13/45.42mg/dl, p<.05) increased after the exercise program. Blood pressure and TG, however, decreased with no significance. And while muscle strength increased(17.06/19.08kg, p<.05), the increase in flexibility, muscle endurance, and cardiopulmonary endurance and the decrease in body fat showed some positive effects of the exercise program. In conclusion, we found that the aquarobics improves the aging-induced deterioration in the muscular skeletal function by lowering abdominal obesity and improving metabolic syndrome and physical fitness for health. In addition, the aquarobics can be an effective alternative to an aerobics or a resistance exercise on the ground.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.815-827
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• 2014

The current study was undertaken to verify appropriateness of muscle endurance test at three different angles ($30^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$) of isometric contraction position, and to sought valid and reliable testing method that provide an alternative to sit-ups. Total 92 young and healthy subjects (68 males and 24 females) were recruited, and the following results were obtained. 1. A low correlations in males, but a high correlations in females was found when the comparisons were made between aerobic and muscle endurance capability. 2. Measuring tolerance time, by using isometric contraction was showed a significant correlation with the repetition numbers of sit-ups. 3. The highest correlation was found at 40 inclined degrees of plane, and the lowest correlation was drawn from 50 inclined degrees of plane. Based on these results, it was concluded that measuring tolerance time during maintaining an isometric contraction at 40 inclined degrees of plane is a valid and effective tool for measuring abdominal muscle endurance, and it can be used as an alternative way of sit-up, which potentially risky for inducing many back-associated injuries. Further studies need to be undertaken to determine for optimal angles, that can safely be applied for people of various age groups and physical conditions.