• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2006

As the imports of foreign agricultural products are liberalized and the consumption of agricultural products declines, abandoned rice paddy fields continues to rise. However, such abandoned rice paddy fields has not been precisely surveyed yet. In this backdrop, a necessity to develop technology to utilize such abandoned rice paddy fields has emerged. Utilization of abandoned rice paddy fields as wetlands may be a good example. This study aimed to survey the current status and characteristics of wetlands created within abandoned rice paddy fields by selecting abandoned rice paddy fields throughout the nation and conducting field surveys on the sites that had transformed into wetlands. The abandoned rice paddy fields almost transformed into wetland and the types of wetlands transformed from abandoned rice paddy fields were mainly Inland/Moutain/Depression/Abandoned rice paddy fields/Marsh/Phragmites communis community and Inland/Moutain/Depression/Abandoned rice paddy fields/Swamp/Salix koreensis community. Abandoned rice paddy fields that had transformed into wetlands was depending heavily on waterways for water supply than other reservoirs and lakes do. Abandoned rice paddy fields transformed into wetlands was most observed in mountainous area. Abandoned rice paddy fields are because agricultural land is no longer profitable due to international and social changes and is not cultivated as government policy. Wetland period and dimension originated from abandoned rice paddy fields are very various and its surrounding land its mostly forest and the next largest follow roads and rural community. The abandoned rice paddy fields transformed into wetlands is mostly deserted currently. Despite their value as wetlands, no restoration and utilization efforts are made in Korea today. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct a precise current status survey on these areas and introduce management and restoration plans at the government level in the case of important habitats.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.269-278
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• 2011

Carabid beetle community changes in paddy fields, abandoned paddy fields, and mountains were investigated to understand differences in species diversity and composition of different habitat types in small agricultural landscapes in South Korea. A total of 2,938 individuals from 37 species were identified and classified from the studied habitats. Diversity in the mountains was higher than that in abandoned paddy fields. As the number of years since abandonment increased, the diversity and stability of the carabid beetle community also increased. Abandoned paddy fields in some paddy field areas and adjoining mountainous areas, left with preconditions for management and control, have provided the opportunity to improve the diversity and habitat of small agricultural landscapes. Species composition changed continuously from the paddy fields to the mountains, in accordance with individual species habitat preferences. Abandoned paddy fields in small agricultural landscapes are believed to play an important role as transitional buffer zones between paddy fields and the adjacent mountainous areas.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2013

농촌인구의 감소와 잉여생산작물로 변화된 쌀의 수요에 대비해 최근 20-30년간 휴경논, 즉 묵논이 증가하여 왔으나, 새로운 작물재배지로의 전환 또는 용도지역 변경으로 인한 형질변경이 수반되지 않는 오지의 묵논은 점차 식물생태복원의 주요한 입지로 새롭게 부각되고 있다. 묵논의 입지적, 수리적 여건상 묵밭에 비해 식물의 천이가 활발하고, 습지로서의 기능과 다양한 생물 서식지로서의 기능 등 생태적으로 긍정적인 역할을 담당하게 될 묵논은 연차별로 식물군락의 변화양상이 달라진다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 전역에 분포하는 묵논을 대상으로 초기, 중기, 후기묵논으로 구분짓고, 각 시기별 식물군락의 변화양상에 대한 식물사회학적 연구가 수행되었다. 강원 경기 5개 권역, 충청남 북 2개 권역, 경상남 북 18개 권역, 전라남 북 10개 권역 등 총 35개 권역을 대상으로 총 203개소의 조사구에서 획득한 식생조사표를 이용하여 군락분류, 군락생태, 군락동태에 대한 비교분석이 이루어졌다. 본 연구를 통해 우리나라 초기, 중기, 후기의 천이단계별 식물군락은 각각 뚝새풀군락, 골풀군락, 버드나무군락으로 특징지어졌으며, 삼림 내 묵논 일부 지역에서 드물게 후기천이 단계에서 오리나무군락이 분포하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 군락의 발달은 대기후적, 지리적 조건과 관계없이 유사한 패턴을 보였다. 묵논식생의 천이단계는 일년생식물기-다년생식물기-관목식물기-교목림기로 발달해가는 천이단계로 구분할 수 있으나 중기묵논에서는 단계별 우점종이 뚜렷이 구분되지 않고 여러 종이 유사한 우점도로 혼생하였다. 군락분류를 통한 우리나라의 연차별 묵논의 식생특성을 분석한 결과, 새로운 생태복원모델로 관심이 높아지는 묵논식생의 변화양상을 파악하였으며, 이러한 결과는 휴경지의 생태복원 및 보전을 위한 기초 자료로써 매우 유효한 정보를 제공하게 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2013

In Korea, many paddy fields in mountainous area have been abandoned because of their low accessibility and rice price and the abandoned paddy terraces have changed into natural lentic wetlands. To understand the relationship between characteristics of environmental conditions and early development of plant community in abandoned paddy terraces, we investigated at four well-maintained abandoned paddy terraces in 3 different climatic zones in Korea. Soil texture of abandoned paddy terraces was mostly kinds of loam and electric conductivity of soil was also similar among abandoned paddy terraces. On the other hand, contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium in soil were relatively low and significantly different among abandoned paddy terraces. Water depth was different within sites and inter-sites. Although environmental conditions including climate, soil condition and water depth were different among abandoned paddy terraces, the compositions of plant communities were relatively similar in all abandoned paddy terraces. 55 dominant taxa out of 141 recorded species were commonly recorded over sites and they were mostly perennial obligate wetland plants and facultative wetland plants. 8 taxa out of 55 dominant taxa occurred at all abandoned paddy terraces with over 10% coverage. Several site-specific species occurred at site, which have some area with deep water level. This result indicates that early development of plant community in abandoned paddy terraces of similar water regime is similar in the entire area of Korea even though environmental conditions such as climate, biogeographic history and soil are different.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.52-66
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• 2009

The increase of rice productivity, the decrease of rice demand, aging farmers, and the market-opening of rice along with the domestic and international conditions changes have been led to the increase of the abandoned rice paddy fields. Such abandoned rice paddy fields have been left in many areas and most of them have become wetlands. The purpose of this study is methodology of selection to the wetland for development in the abandoned rice paddy fields along with surroundings. The selection of habitat suitability index assessment study to conservation and restoration was done through hydrology, wild animals habitation, wetland vegetation, outside disturbance, and natural purification capacity assessment. In addition, the same method was applied to assessment items and standards for both the restoration site selection and the type of restoration. Both assessment items and standards were applied to the sites, drawn on the maps, and overlayer for the comprehensive map, and then the wetland suitability index was applied to the suitable site. The development technique was applied to 10 sites near the Banwol Stream watershed in Gunpo, Gyeonggi province. The selection of conservation, restoration, and the optimal sites can lead to not only the biodiveristy increase in agricultural or semi natural areas but also to the establishment of ecological networks in national level.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2022

본 연구는 지형 및 토지피복에 따른 묵논습지의 분포 특성을 분석하기 위해 수행되었다. 충남도 서산시, 당진시, 보령시, 태안군을 대상으로 GIS와 현장답사를 통해 묵논습지를 찾아내어 경사도와 고도 및 토지피복유형에 따른 분포현황을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 4개시군의 묵논습지는 총106개로 확인되었고, 각 묵논습지가 위치한 지점의 평균 고도는 38.85m(S.D. 32.76)이고 평균 경사도는 6.27˚(S.D. 5.39), 총면적은 24,200km²로 나타났다. 경사도 5˚ 미만의 평지에 63개(12,121.07km²), 5~10˚ 27개(9,524.15km²) 등 10˚ 미만의 평지 또는 완경사지에 90개(84.9%)의 묵논습지가 분포하고 있었다. 면적은 21,645.22km²로서 전체 묵논습지 면적의 89.5%에 이른다. 고도 25m 미만의 저지대에 48개(12,326km²), 50m미만 29개(4,909.4km²) 등으로서, 모두 77개(72.7%)의 묵논습지가 고도 50m 이내의 저지대에 분포하고 있으며, 면적으로는 17,235.8km²로서 전체 묵논습지 면적의 71.2%에 이른다. 묵논습지 환경요인 중 경사도와 고도 사이에 통계적으로 상관관계는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 토지피복 분류에 따라서는 인공초지(38), 논(33), 밭(22) 등에 많이 분포하였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Soil bacteria play important roles in organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling during the non-growing season. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of soil management and chemical properties on the utilization of carbon sources by soil bacteria in paddy fields. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Biolog EcoPlate was used for analyzing community-level carbon substrate utilization profiles of soil bacteria. Soils were collected from the following three types of areas: plain, interface and mountain areas, which were tested to investigate the topology effect. The results of canonical correspondence analysis and Kendall rank correlation analysis showed that soil C/N ratio and NH₄⁺ influenced utilization of carbon sources by bacteria. The utilization of carbohydrates and complex carbon sources were positively correlated with NH₄⁺ concentration. Cultivated paddy fields were compared with adjacent abandoned fields to investigate the impact of cultivation cessation. The level of utilization of putrescine was lower in abandoned fields than in cultivated fields. Monoculture fields were compared with double cropping fields cultivated with barley to investigate the impact of winter crop cultivation. Cropping system altered bacterial use of carbon sources, as reflected by the enhanced utilization of 2-hydroxy benzoic acid under monoculture conditions. CONCLUSION: These results show that soil use intensity and topological characteristics have a minimal impact on soil bacterial functioning in relation to carbon substrate utilization. Moreover, soil chemical properties were found to be important factors determining the physiological profile of the soil bacterial community in paddy fields.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2003

This study was conducted for an understanding of a threatened plant species,“Penthorum chinense”, which is a vegetation structure and environmental characteristic in the southern part of Ibaraki, Japan. We selected distribution and contiguity area where P. chinense is not distributed and we set up 69 sites by the quardrat method. The surveyed general characters in each site include mean-height, mean-coverage, moisture condition water depth coverage and depth of litter layer. We calculated the degree of succession by the survey data and grasped the main distribution area, vegetation structure, growth environment of P. chinense by TWINSPAN classification and DCA ordination. The results of this study are as follows. First, P. chinense habitat was categorized into the riverside and abandoned paddy fields. The riverside was influenced by natural disturbance caused by flooding and drought. These conditions led to a poor P. chinense growth. The abandoned paddy fields as the artificial disturbance area have high potential value, because the area can preserve P. chinense growth space by succession control and water management. second, we executed TWINSPAN analysis based on vegetation coverage data of survey sites. The vegetation types were classified into the three categories: annual plant flora(P. chinense dominates in wet state), perennial plant flora(Solidago altissima dominates in dry state), and perennial plant flora(Phragmites communis dominates in wet state). Third, the data was ordinated by DCA. The sample sequences along the first and second DCA axes effectively reflected moisture condition, number of species, mean height, coverage of litter layer and degree of succession. Especially, P. chinense flora has the high correlation with moisture condition and number of species.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.129-142
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• 2007

본 연구의 목적은 휴경 연차에 따른 논토양의 물리 화학적 특성과 식생의 변화를 분석함으로써 묵논의 습지 생태계로서의 가치와 다양한 생물 서식처로서의 기능에 적합한지를 평가하는 것이다. 본 연구의 물리 화학적 특성과 식생 천이과정, 그리고 묵논 습지로서의 기능적 가치 분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 휴경 연수가 증가 할수록 표토가 조립화 되는 경향으로 나타났다. 둘째, 휴경 연수에 따라 유기물과 유효인산, 칼슘의 함량이 차이가 나타났으며, 칼륨과 마그네슘, CEC는 크게 변하지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 셋째, 식생 천이과정의 단계별로 식물종 구성비를 보면, 출현종수는 초기에 14종에서 중기로 갈수록 증가하고 후기로 가면 다시 줄어드는 것으로 나타났다. 식물 조사 지소별 종구성적 조합에 의한 유사도 분석 결과를 보면 크게 천이단계별로 3그룹으로 분류되어 나타났다. 천이 초기는 댓골 상단, 하단이 중기 단계는 논방골 1단, 2단, 3단이, 천이 후기는 논방골 4단, 5단으로 그룹화 되었다. 넷째, 환경부 습지기능평가표와 RAM을 기준으로 논방골 묵논 습지에 대한 기능가치분석을 실시 한 결과 전체 가치평균이 2.13으로 "보통"에 해당하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.199-206
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• 1996

휴경논의 증가가 쌀 생산량 감소의 원인이 됨에 따라 휴경논의 합리적 재이용을 위한 생태환경 변화 양상을 구명하기 위하여 중서부 평야 기후권에 속하는 경기도(수원 외 9)지역을 대상으로 휴경년수별로 토양특성과 식생변화를 조사한 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 휴경논 토양의 pH, Ca, Mg 변동(變動)은 휴경기간이 길수록 심토보다 표토부분이 증가(增加)하는 경향을 나타내었다. 2. 미생물상은 휴경기간이 길수록 세균은 감소하고, 방선균은 증가 하였으나, 사상균은 변화가 작은 경향을 나타내었다. 3. 휴경논의 식생에 대한 휴경기간별 분포비율을 평균(平均)해서 비교해보면 일년생은 1년: 89.5%, 2년: 30.7%, 3년: 33.1% 다년생은 1년: 10.5%, 2년: 69.3%, 3년: 66.9%로 일년생 초종에서 급격히 다년생 초종으로 변화하였고, 초종수(草種數)도 종합하면 1년: 38종(種), 2년: 37종(種), 3년: 25종(種)으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 4. 휴경논에서 자라는 버드나무는 휴경기간이 길수록 본수, 직경, 초장이 증가하였으며 휴경논의 재경작시 가장 큰 문제 식생으로 생각되었다.