• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.555-563
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• 2005

This study presents the characteristics of nocturnal inversion layer and their effect on the concentration variations of surface air pollutants using tethersonde and automatic weather station (AWS, 2 layer tower) system in Ulsan during 2003, The method for the distinction of inversion intensity was decided based on the sum of nocturnal temperature gradient. As the results, there was a close correlation (correlation coefficient of 0,76) between the maximum inversion height obtained from tethersonde and the sum of nocturnal temperature gradient. The air pollutant concentration was also directly proportional to the inversion intensity. When the inversion intensity was strong in the nighttime, ozone $(O_3)$ concentration was lower, while nitrogen dioxide $(NO_2)$ concentration was higher. The carbon monoxide (CO) concentration was gradually higher according to the nocturnal inversion intensity, whereas sulfur dioxide $(SO_2)$ concentration was relatively constant. In addition, we found that there was no correlation between the inversion intensity and TSP concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2009

Recently in order to mange better life quality much effort was spent for environmental-friendly urban development project and environmental restoration project. During these projects, there should be deep understanding about atmospheric environment change analysis and long term monitoring so that it would be helpful for better environment promotion such as heat island mitigation effect and wind way construction. In this study, the surface temperature environment change between before and after Cheonggye Stream Restoration Project was mapped and analyzed by using ASTER(Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflection Radiometer) TIR(Thermal Infrared) satellite imagery and finally the fact, that the heat island effect was mitigated, was clarified. For this study, the correlation analysis was conducted through comparing the difference between atmosphere temperature of AWS(Automatic Weather System) and surface temperature of ASTER. Furthermore, this study will be the infrastructure of urban meteorology model development by understanding surface temperature pattern change and executing quantitative analysis of heat island.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.270-270
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• 2011

본 연구는 유역강우량을 산출을 위한 공간보간기법이 격자형 강우자료 생성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 분석하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상지역은 우리나라에서 규모가 가장 큰 유역인 한강유역(26,018km2)을 선정하였다. 유역강우량 산출에 이용한 강우자료는 기상청에서 제공하는 2000~2010 년까지 11년간 AWS(Automatic Weather Station) 108개소의 관측자료를 제공받아 사용하였으며, 강우이벤트로 2004년~2009년까지 재산피해를 입힌 총 11개의 호우, 태풍 사상을 선정하였다. 공간 보간기법으로는 Thiessen법과 IDW(Inverse Distance Weight)법의 2가지 기법을 선정하였다. 대상 지역에 대하여 AWS의 자료를 기반으로 보간을 실시하여 미관측지역에 대한 격자분포자료를 구축하였다. 이때, 격자분포자료는 국토해양부에서 분류한 19개 중권역을 기준으로 각 권역별 평균 강우량을 산출하였다. 2가지 공간보간기법을 이용한 한강유역전체 강우량 산출 결과 고도를 고려한 공간보간의 경우 그렇지 않은 경우에 비해 한강유역의 유역평균강우량은 IDW법은 -1.81~8.1%, Thiessen법은 6.6~9.6%의 차이를 나타내었으며, 연도별 편차가 증가하고 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.393-408
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• 2014

In this study, the spatio-temporal characteristics of summer extreme precipitation events in the Republic of Korea are examined based on the daily precipitation data observed at approximately 360 sites of both Automatic Weather Station (AWS) and Automated Synoptic Observation System (ASOS) networks by the Korea Meteorological Administration for the recent decade(2002~2011). During the summer Changma period(late June~mid July), both the frequency of extreme precipitation events exceeding 80mm of daily precipitation and their decadal maximum values are greatest at most of weather stations. In contrast, during the Changma pause period (late July~early August), these patterns are observed only in the northern regions of Geyeonggi province and western Kangwon province as such patterns are detected around Mt. Sobaek and Mt. Halla as well as in the southern regions of Geyeonggi province and western Kangwon province during the late Changma period (mid August~early September) due to north-south oscillation of the Changma front. Investigation of their regional patterns confirms that not only migration of the Changma front but also topological components in response to the advection of moistures such as elevation and aspect of major mountain ridges are detrimental to spatio-temporal patterns of extreme precipitation events. These results indicate that each local administration needs differentiated strategies to mitigate the potential damages by extreme precipitation events due to the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of their frequency and intensity during each Changma period.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.92-101
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• 2020

To prevent and mitigate damage to farms due to heavy snowfall, snow weight information should be provided in addition to snow depth. This study reviews four formulae regarding snow density and weight used in extant studies and applies them in Suwon area to estimate snow weight in Korea. We investigated the observed snow depth of 94 meteorological stations and automatic weather stations (AWS) data over the past 30 years (1988-2017). Based on the spatial distribution of snow depth by area in Korea, much of the fresh snow cover, due to heavy snowfall, occurred in Jeollabuk-do and Gangwon-do. Record snowfalls occurred in Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gangwon-do. However, the most recent heavy snowfall in winter occurred in Gyeonggi-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, and Jeollanam-do. This implies that even if the snow depth is high, there is no significant damage unless the snow weight is high. The estimation of snow weight in Suwon area yielded different results based on the calculation method of snow density. In general, high snow depth is associated with heavy snow weight. However, maximum snow weight and maximum snow depth do not necessarily occur on the same day. The result of this study can be utilized to estimate the snow weight at other locations in Korea and to carry out snow weight prediction based on a numerical model. Snow weight information is expected to aid in establishing standards for greenhouse design and to reduce the economic losses incurred by farms.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1121-1124
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• 2009

면적강우량은 수치예보모형(NWP; Numerical Weather Prediction)이나 분포형 강우유출모형 등에서 가장 중요한 입력변수이다. 기상레이더는 광범위한 시공간분해능을 지닌 강우관측기기로서 널리 이용되고 있다. 레이더 반사도 자료를 이용한 강우추정에 대한 연구는 Z-R 관계식을 이용한 방법, 지상우량계와 연계한 통계적인 방법 등 다양하게 전개되어 왔다. 일반적으로 많이 사용되는 Marshall and Palmer(1948)가 제시한 Z-R 관계식은 층운형 강우에는 비교적 타당한 결과를 얻을 수 있지만 적운형 강우에 대해서는 그러하지 못하다. 또한 지상우량계와 연계한 방법은 주로 geostatistic 기법(ordinary kriging, co-kringing, kriging with external drift 등)을 사용하지만, 배리오그램(variogram)을 작성해야 되는 등 계산절차가 복잡하고 시간이 많이 걸려 실무에 적용하여 실시간으로 강우정보를 제공하기에는 다소 무리가 따른다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지상우량계로 관측된 강우량과 레이더 추정강우 사이의 보정계수를 이용한 실시간 Z-R 관계식으로 레이더강우를 추정할 경우 발생될 수 있는 문제점들을 제시하고 개선방안을 모색하여 보다 정확한 레이더 강우를 추정하고자 하였다. 연구 대상지역은 부산레이더 반경 240km 이내 지역이며, 강우사상으로는 2002년 8월 31일 (태풍 "루사")의 레이더 반사도 자료를 이용하였다. 또한, 지상관측 강우량자료는 AWS(Auto Weathering System) 중에서 부산레이더 관측범위 내에 존재하는 68곳의 1시간 누적강우량을 사용하였다. 연구 결과, 기존의 실시간 Z-R 관계식을 이용할 경우 단순히 지상우량계와 레이더 강우 사이의 보정계수를 사용하면서 물리적인 범위를 벗어나 과대 추정되는 결과를 발생시켰다. 본 연구에서는 이렇게 과대 추정되는 부분을 제한함으로써 보다 현실적이고 타당한 면적강우량을 산정할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.384-400
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• 2013

In this study, spatio-temporal patterns of extreme precipitation events caused by typhoons are examined based on observational daily precipitation data at approximately 340 weather stations of Korea Meterological Administration's ASOS (Automated Synoptic Observation System) and AWS (Automatic Weather System) networks for the recent 10 year period (2002~2011). Generally, extreme precipitation events by typhoons exceeding 80mm of daily precipitation commonly appear in Jeju Island, Gyeongsangnam-do, and the eastern coastal regions of the Korean Peninsula. However, the frequency, intensity and spatial extent of typhoon-driven extreme precipitation events can be modified depending on the topography of major mountain ridges as well as the pathway of and proximity to typhoons accompanying the anti-clockwise circulation of low-level moisture with hundreds of kilometers of radius. Yellow Sea-passing type of typhoons in July cause more frequent extreme precipitation events in the northern region of Gyeonggi-do, while East Sea-passing type or southern-region-landfall type of typhoons in August-early September do in the interior regions of Gyeongsangnam-do. These results suggest that when local governments develop optimal mitigation strategies against potential damages by typhoons, the pathway of and proximity to typhoons are key factors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

The Korea Meteorological Administration has operated the Automatic Weather Stations, of the average 13 km horizontal resolution, to observe rainfall. However, an additional RADAR network also has been operated in all-weather conditions, because AWS network could not observed rainfall over the sea. In general, the rain rate is obtained by estimating the relationship between the radar reflectivity (Z) and the rainfall (R). But this empirical relationship needs to be optimized on the rainfall over the Korean peninsula. This study was carried out to optimize the Z-R relationship in the summer of 2014 using a parallel Micro Genetic Algorithm. The optimized Z-R relationship, $Z=120R^{1.56}$, using a micro genetic algorithm was different from the various Z-R relationships that have been previously used. However, the landscape of the fitness function found in this study looked like a flat plateau. So there was a limit to the fine estimation including the complex development and decay processes of precipitation between the ground and an altitude of 1.5km.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.125-136
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• 2024

This study presents an automated Python algorithm for analyzing rainfall characteristics to establish critical rainfall thresholds as part of a landslide early warning system. Rainfall data were sourced from the Korea Meteorological Administration's Automatic Weather System (AWS) and the Korea Forest Service's Automatic Mountain Observation System (AMOS), while landslide data from 2020 to 2023 were gathered via the Life Safety Map. The algorithm involves three main steps: 1) processing rainfall data to correct inconsistencies and fill data gaps, 2) identifying the nearest observation station to each landslide location, and 3) conducting statistical analysis of rainfall characteristics. The analysis utilized power law and nonlinear regression, yielding an average R² of 0.45 for the relationships between rainfall intensity-duration, effective rainfall-duration, antecedent rainfall-duration, and maximum hourly rainfall-duration. The critical thresholds identified were 0.9-1.4 mm/hr for rainfall intensity, 68.5-132.5 mm for effective rainfall, 81.6-151.1 mm for antecedent rainfall, and 17.5-26.5 mm for maximum hourly rainfall. Validation using AUC-ROC analysis showed a low AUC value of 0.5, highlighting the limitations of using rainfall data alone to predict landslides. Additionally, the algorithm's speed performance evaluation revealed a total processing time of 30 minutes, further emphasizing the limitations of relying solely on rainfall data for disaster prediction. However, to mitigate loss of life and property damage due to disasters, it is crucial to establish criteria using quantitative and easily interpretable methods. Thus, the algorithm developed in this study is expected to contribute to reducing damage by providing a quantitative evaluation of critical rainfall thresholds that trigger landslides.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.303-314
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• 2003

Ocean-air observation using an Automatic Weather Station (AWS) and Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) was conducted in the Mid-Yellow Sea off Korea during 8-10 July 2002. A water mass lower than 17$^{\circ}C$ around the Taean peninsula and a tidal front between 36$^{\circ}$20'N and 36$^{\circ}$30'N were observed. The horizontal distribution of air temperature was similar to that of sea surface temperature (SST). Hourly observation around Dukjuk island showed the cold and saline southwesterly and the warm and fresh northeasterly in phase with tidal current. Sea fogs two times formed at 2300 LST 8-0130 LST 9, and 0300-0600 LST 9 July 2002 during the observation period, respectively. During the initial stage of fogs, winds became northeasterly at the speed of 2-4m/s$^{-1}$, and air temperature dropped to 18$^{\circ}C$, as the North Pacific High weakened. The satellite image indicated that sea fogs formed over warm water in the western Yellow Sea and moved eastward toward the observation site, which could be called a steam fog. The fogs dissipated when wind speed and air temperature increased.