• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.70-76
• /
• 1993

The authors analyzed the clinical results of the reconstructive surgery for injured hands and feet due to frostbites and electrical burn with microsurgery in 7 patients, 12 cases at the department of orthopaedic surgery, school of medicine, Kyung Hee university from Jan. 1989 to Jul. 1992, and the results were as foollowings. 1. The age at the time of injury was av 24.6 yrs ranging from 4 to 35 yrs, and all cases were male. 2. The follow up period was av. 24.4 Mo ranging from 12 Mo. to 56 Mo. 3. The causes of injury were frostbite in 9 cases, electrical burn in 2 cases. 4. Initial operative treatment was performed av. 69.3 days ranging from 2 to 210 days. 5. For the reconstructive procedure, scapular free flap was applied in 6 cases, radial forearm flap in 4, dorsalis pedis 1ffap in 1, neurovascular island flap in 1. 6. Among total 12 cases, there were 5 cases(41.7%) of wound infection and 3 cases (25.0%) of partial necrosis of donor flap. 7. In 11 cases(90.1%), the end result was satisfactory. In the analysis of above results the reconstruction with microsurgery is effective procedure for reconstruction of Injured hand and foot due to frostbite and electrical burn.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.153-158
• /
• 2003

Mycological characteristics of Phomopsis citri isolates obtained from blighted twigs of citrus cultivation areas in Jeju island were all identified as Phomopsis citri known as the anamorph stage of Diaporthe citri. Pycnidia the isolates sized from 112.2 to 614.4${\mu}m$ (av. 328.8${\mu}m$) and shaped conical to lenticulata in black. Two types of phialospores, ${\alpha}$-and ${\beta}$-spores were observed from pycnidia. The ${\alpha}$-spores were hyaline, unicellula, fusiform to ellipsoidal and sized 4.7~8.7 1.9 ${\times}$ 3.5${\mu}m$ (av. 6.7 ${\times}$ 2.3 ${\mu}m$). The ${\beta}$-spores were hyaline, unicellula, filiform, curved and often strongly hooked and sized 13.2~27.1 ${\times}$ 0.8~1.6 ${\mu}m$ (av. 22.1 ${\times}$ 1.0 ${\mu}m$). All isolates grew well and produced abundant pycnidia and spore horns on PDA. In addition, all isolates showed strong pathogenicity to citrus fruit inducing melanose symptoms when artificially inoculated with the pycnidial spores.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.35-39
• /
• 2012

Occurrence of tomato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) has caused significant losses in tomato yield in all over the world. Evaluation of the level of resistance in tomato gene resources for main breeding and initiation of the resistance breeding program are important for control of this disease. Resistant assay of 78 tomato cultivars/lines to late blight in pots and field experiment was carried out under controlled and natural conditions in 2009. All commercial cultivars including 'Legend' were susceptible. However, 10 lines including KNU-2, KNU-6-1, KNU-11, KNU-13, KNU-14-1 lines distributed from University of California, Riverside and L3708, $AV107-4{\times}L3708$, $07-15{\times}L3708$, $BS67{\times}L3708$ lines which have resistant gene Ph-3 and $06-9-62A{\times}06-9-62A$ were highly resistant to late blight. These highly resistant lines can be used as resources of resistance to late blight in a tomato breeding program in future.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.160-165
• /
• 2010

To reduce the dose of fertilizers is very important to sustainable production of many horticultural crops, including strawberry. In order to practice the environment friendly agriculture of strawberry cultivation in plastic film house, soil chemical properties of 435 soil samples (232 for loam, 83 for sandy loam, and 120 for silt loam) in Chungnam Province from2008 to 2009 were determined. The average of pH, EC, OM, Av. $P_2O_5$, Ex. $K^+$, Ex. $Ca^{2+}$, Ex. $Mg^{2+}$, and Ex. $Na^+$ was 6.5, 2.28 dS $m^{-1}$, 26 g $kg^{-1}$, 910 mg $kg^{-1}$, 1.09 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, 8.3 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, 2.5 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, and 0.58 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The content of Av. $P_2O_5$ in sandy loam soil was significantly higher than silt loam soil, whereas other properties showed no difference between soil texture. The kinds of strawberry cultivars showed no difference in soil chemical properties. The frequency distribution within optimum range of soil chemical properties was 30.6%, 35.4%, 37.0%, 5.3%, 8.5%, 8.5%, and 17.9% for pH, EC, OM, Av. $P_2O_5$, Ex. $K^+$, Ex. $Ca^{2+}$, and Ex. $Mg^{2+}$, respectively. Especially, excessive portion of Av. $P_2O_5$, and Ex. $Ca^{2+}$ were high 86.9%, and 86.0%, respectively. EC values of soil samples were significantly positive correlatoin with all chemical properties except soil pH. In principle component analysis of chemical properties in soil samples, the percentage of variance explained by PC 1 was 38.8%, while PC 2 explained 17.8%of the variance, for a cumulative total of 56.6%. These results were able to distinguish between soil textures and strawberry cultivars. Also, these results considered that understanding of soil chemical properties under using principal component analysis be able to improve amounts of fertilizers for sustainable agriculture in plastic film house.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.22 no.10
• /
• pp.1295-1304
• /
• 2013

This study was carried out to evaluate the physicochemical properties and perform a feasibility analysis of planting material composed of topsoil from river improvement and non-improvement areas. The results showed that the physicochemical properties of topsoil from river improvement areas were on the average sandy loam~loamy sand in soil texture, 5.6~6.8 in pH, 0.01~0.06 dS/m in EC, 0.9~2.1% in OM, 0.02~0.12% in T-N, 8~14 $cmol^+/kg$ in CEC, 0.01~0.08 $cmol^+/kg$ in Ex. $K^+$, 2.55~11.11 $cmol^+/kg$ in Ex. $Ca^{2+}$, 0.34~2.06 $cmol^+/kg$ in Ex. $Mg^{2+}$, and 3~396 mg/kg in Av. $P_2O_5$. And non-improvement areas showed on average sandy clay loam~sand in soil texture, 5.7~6.7 in pH, 0.02~0.08 dS/m in EC, 0.9~4.4% in OM, 0.02~0.23% in T-N, 7~18 $cmol^+/kg$ in CEC, 0.01~0.08 $cmol^+/kg$ in Ex. $K^+$, 3.81~12.67 $cmol^+/kg$ in Ex. $Ca^{2+}$, 0.60~1.95 $cmol^+/kg$ in Ex. $Mg^{2+}$, and 3~171 mg/kg in Av. $P_2O_5$. Meanwhile, the results of an applied valuation of topsoil- based planting were as follows. Ex. $K^+$ levels were low grade in all survey areas. OM was low grade in 12 improvement areas and 11 non-improvement areas. Av. $P_2O_5$ levels were low grade in 10 improvement areas and 10 non-improvement areas. T-N was low grade in six improvement areas and four non-improvement areas. Ex. $Mg^{2+}$ levels were low grade in two improvement areas.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.40 no.3 s.272
• /
• pp.200-208
• /
• 2007

Background: The effect of patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM) on the clinical outcome following aortic valve replacement (AVR) remains controversial. This study compared the surgical outcomes of AVR between patients with a patient-prosthesis mismatch and those having undergone an aortic annular enlargement. Material and Method: Six hundred and twenty seven adult patients, who underwent AVR with stented bioprosthetic or mechanical valves, between January 1996 and February 2006, were evaluated. PPM was defined as an indexed effective orifice area (iEOA) ${\leq}0.85cm^2/m^2$, and Severe if the iEOA${\leq}0.65cm^2/m^2$ PPM was present in 103 (16.4%, PPM group) patients, and severe in 11 (1.8%, SPPM group). During the period of the study, 21 patients underwent an AVR with annular enlargement (AE group). Result: The mean iEOA of the AE group was larger than that of the PPM group ($0.95\;vs.\;0.76cm^2/m^2,\;p=0.00$). The AE group had longer CPB, ACC and operation times than the PPM group, and showed a tendency toward higher operative mortality (14.3% vs. 2.9%, p=0.06). The SPPM group had higher AV pressure gradients (peak/mean) than the AE group (72/45 mmHg vs. 38/25 mmHg, p=0.02/0.06) and suffered more AV related events (AV reoperation or severe aortic stenosis)(45.5% vs. 9.5%, p=0.03). LV masses were not regressed in the patients who experienced an AV related event. Conclusion: During AVR in patients with a small aortic annulus, annular enlargement should be carefully applied taking into account the high risk of operative mortality due to annular enlargement and co-morbidities of patients. Aortic annular enlargement; however, should be considered as an alternative method in patients expected to have a severe PPM after an AVR.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.243-246
• /
• 1993

For extending the shelf-life of Yukwa (oil puffed rice cake) which is one of the most favorable Korean traditional rice snack, the Yukwa was packed in $O_2$ preventive container and substituted the air with $N_2$ gas or packed with $O_2$ absorbent (ageless sachet). The quality of Yukwa stored at $35^{\circ}C$ was evaluated by POV, AV and TBA including sensory evaluation. The POV of oil in Yukwa of $N_2$ substitute pack and absorbent sachet included were 5.3 and 11.9 meq/kg, respectively, while no packing (control) was 195.5 meq/kg after 90 days storage at $35^{\circ}C$. AV and TBA were also same trend but the gap with the control was not so big. The Yukwa, $N_2$ gas substituted, was better in quality than absorbent treatment in sensory evaluation and no difference was detected in quality of 90 days storage Yukwa at $35^{\circ}C$ with 15 days. The main reason for lower sensory score of absorbent treatment was that the $O_2$ absorbent also absorbed the flavor component of Yukwa.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 1998.10b
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 1998

In the decision of a collision avoidance action for navigators and intellignet ships, it is necessary to evaluate the degree of surrounding risks effectively. We propose the new risk evaluation technique in two dimensions using Even Risk Contour on the basis of the concept of contour line. In this paper, we introduce the algorithms ofERC and Approach Velocity(AV) and show their application for avoiding traffic collision at sea.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.145-153
• /
• 2003

The average values of soil chemical concentration in investigation regions were pH 5.93, $25.9g\;kg^{-1}$ of organic matter, $742mg\;kg^{-1}$ of available phosphate and $44.7mg\;kg^{-1}$ of nitrate nitrogen. The number of mycorrhizal spores analysed from 1g of soil sample was 12.1 for onion, 11.7 for garlic and 10.1 for red pepper. In fractionation of soil texture, clay and silty clay showed more than 15 spores per 1g of soil. There was no relationship between spore density and soil nutrition of pH, organic matter, $NO_3-N$ and Av. $P_2O_5$. However, the number of spores was constant level independent on the concentration of soil nutrition. Spores identified in this study are as follows: Glomus clarum, Glomus intraradices, Glomus etunicatum, Gigaspora rosea and Gigaspora margarita.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.26 no.8
• /
• pp.595-603
• /
• 1993

We analysed 60 consecutive patients who got Senning operation for transposition of the great arteries [TGA] with or without ventricular septal defects [VSD]. There were 41 simple TGA [group I] and 19 TGA with VSD [Group II], the operative mortality was 20 % [in group I 4.9 %, group II 52.6 %]. Among the survivors [n=48], the mean follow-up period was 7 years [range, 1 year to 13.5 years] and the actuarial survival rate at 13 years were 95 % in group I and 42 % in group II. Preoperative high left ventricular pressure and high pulmonary arterial pressure affected the surviving [p<0.01]. There occurred various type of arrhythmia like junctional rhythm, first degree atrioventricular [AV] block, sick sinus syndrome and complete AV block, and we inserted 2 permanent pacemakers for these patients. The incidence of arrhythmia were 28.2 % [11/39] in group I and 55.6 % [5/9] in group II, and the actuarial freedom from arrhythmia at 13 years after operation was 66 % [71 % in group I, 44 % in group II]. Increased aortic cross clamping time had affected the development of arrhythmia [p<0.05] which meant the complexity of the operation. The total incidence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction [LVOTO] was 31.3 % [15/48], but only 3 patients [6.25 %] showed the significant gradient requiring reoperation. The pulmonary venous pathway obstruction [PVO] were found in 3 patients, all in group I, and among them only one required the reoperation. The estimated freedom from PVO was 89 % at 13 years [87 % in group I, 100 % in group II], but we couldn`t find any significant systemic venous obstruction in our series. There occurred 27.1 % [13/48] mild degree tricuspid valve regurgitation without necessary surgical correction. We experienced 14.6 % [7/48] reoperation rate: 3 residual VSD, 3 LVOTO, 1 PVO, 3 atrial baffle leakage. For this high incidence of complication rate after Senning operation and high mortality in TGA with VSD, We do not use this kind of surgical modality any more and do the Jatene operation for all the TGA patients since several years ago.