• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.586-596
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• 2011

현재 IT 분야는 응용을 수행하는 처리 장치가 소형화, 고성능화되고, 센서 기술의 비약적 발달로 인해 다양한 스마트 기능 실현이 가능해지고 있다. 특히, 측정된 사용자 정보를 기반으로 다양한 분석 및 예측을 시도하는 UX(User Experience) 분야는 UI(User Interface)를 중심으로 최근 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 실세계에서 행동하는 사용자 경험 정보를 효과적으로 분류하고 저장하는 표준화된 형식의 공통 프레임워크에 대한 연구는 아직 미비하다. 본 논문에서는 실세계에서 센싱되어 해석되는 다양한 사용자의 행동정보를 체계적으로 저장 및 참조하기 위한 정보 표현 모델로 AUX(Associative User Experience) 모델과 처리구조를 제안하였다. 이러한 표현모델과 처리체계 분리는 인문적인 사용자 정보의 특성과 기술적인 처리체계의 독립을 통해 AUX 모델 적용 및 처리체계에 전문성과 생산성 및 유연성을 보장한다. AUX 모델은 관심 있는 사용자의 다양한 동작 정보를 확장된 E-TCPN 모델을 이용하여 표현하였다. 그리고 AUX 모델을 응용에서 참조할 수 있도록 XML을 이용한 자료구조로 표현하였다. XML로 표현된 AUX 모델은 응용에서 처리할 수 있는 AUX 정보처리 아키텍처를 설계하고, 이를 적용하여 성능 분석을 수행하기 위해 VOD 서버의 스트리밍 트래픽을 할당하는 MPP 알고리즘을 개선하여, AUX가 처리되는 과정을 나타내었다. 그리고 성능을 분석하기 위해 VOD의 MPP 트래픽 할당 기법에 적용하고, 동작을 시뮬레이션 하였다. AUX 모델을 적용한 MPP 트래픽 할당 알고리즘은 적용하지 않은 알고리즘에 비해 재생 편차가 10.41% 향상되었음을 알 수 있었다. 성능분석 결과는 사용자의 접근 매체 유형과 접근 콘텐츠 정보를 AUX로 변환하여, 동적 트래픽 할당을 위한 MPI, CPI 계산 결과가 스케듈링에 반영되어 재생 성능이 향상 되었음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.405-410
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• 2016

Auxins are essential in plant growth and development. The auxin-stimulated elongation of plant cells has been explained by the "acid-growth theory", which was proposed forty years ago. According to this theory, the auxin activates plasma membrane $H^+-ATPase$ to induce proton extrusion into the apoplast, promoting cell expansion through the activation of cell wall-loosening proteins such as expansins. Even though accepted as the classical theory of auxin-induced cell growth for decades, the major signaling components comprising this model were unknown, until publication of recent reports. The major gap in the acid growth theory is the signaling mechanism by which auxin activates the plasma membrane $H^+-ATPase$. Recent genetic, molecular, and biochemical approaches reveal that several auxin-related molecules, such as TIR1/AFB AUX/IAA coreceptors and SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR), serve as important components of the acid-growth model, phosphorylating and subsequently activating the plasma membrane $H^+-ATPase$. These researches reestablish the four-decade-old theory by providing us the detailed signaling mechanism of auxininduced cell growth. In this review, we discuss the recent research progress in auxin-induced cell elongation, and a set of possible future works based on the reestablished acid-growth model.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.523-545
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• 2013

Piezoelectric and dielectric behaviors of a piezoceramic patch adhesively centered on a carbon composite plate are identified using a robust multi-objective optimization procedure. For this purpose, the patch piezoelectric stress coupling and blocked dielectric constants are automatically evaluated for a wide frequency range and for the different identifiable behaviors. Latters' symmetry conditions are coded in the design plans serving for response surface methodology-based sensitivity analysis and meta-modeling. The identified constants result from the measured and computed open-circuit frequencies deviations minimization by a genetic algorithm that uses meta-model estimated frequencies. Present investigations show that the bonded piezoceramic patch has effective three-dimensional (3D) orthotropic piezoelectric and dielectric behaviors. Besides, the sensitivity analysis indicates that four constants, from eight, dominate the 3D orthotropic behavior, and that the analyses can be reduced to the electromechanically coupled modes only; therefore, in this case, and if only the dominated parameters are optimized while the others keep their nominal values, the resulting piezoelectric and dielectric behaviors are found to be transverse-isotropic. These results can help designing piezoceramics smart composites for various applications like noise, vibration, shape, and health control.

• 한국연극학
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• 제40호
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• pp.239-275
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• 2010

Cette ${\acute{e}}tude$ a pour but de proposer une $m{\acute{e}}thodologie$ de critique avec la $s{\acute{e}}miotique$ ouverte. La critique de $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ commence ${\grave{a}}$ lire le $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$, l'analyse et juge son valeur. Il arrive souvent qu'on juge avec intutition. On dit que c'est une critique d'impressionnisme. Cette critique est subjective, mais pas objective. La $s{\acute{e}}miotique$ de Saussure offre la $m{\acute{e}}thodologie$ scientifique ${\grave{a}}$ la critique. A $c{\hat{o}}t{\acute{e}}$ de la critique d'impressionnisme qui est subjective, la $s{\acute{e}}miotique$ peut expliciter la raison objective. On ${\acute{e}}tait$ admiratif devant sa scientisme, pourtant $apr{\grave{e}}s$ quoi on critique sa non-$subjectivit{\acute{e}}$ et sa non-$historicit{\acute{e}}$. Dans l'opposition de $l^{\prime}objectivit{\acute{e}}$ et de la $subjectivit{\acute{e}}$, on tente de rechercher un model $int{\acute{e}}gr{\acute{e}}$ dialectiquement entre l'impressionisme(subjective) et la scientisme(objective). Pour cela, on doit aux Ecrits de linguistique $g{\acute{e}}n{\acute{e}}rale$ ($publi{\acute{e}}$ en 2002 chez Gallimard). Ces Ecrits nous aident ${\grave{a}}$ amener la $s{\acute{e}}miotique$ $ferm{\acute{e}}e$ sur la $s{\acute{e}}miotique$ ouverte et ${\grave{a}}$ $red{\acute{e}}couvrir$ la $pens{\acute{e}}e$ de Saussure. Ils nous font ouvrir un nouveau champ de recherche pour la $s{\acute{e}}miotique$ ouverte. L'essentiel de la $th{\acute{e}}orie$ saussurienne du signe $d{\acute{e}}pend$ de l'arbitraire et du circulaire du signe. On $red{\acute{e}}couvre$ la notion ${\acute{e}}largie$ du signe, dans Ecrits de linguistique $g{\acute{e}}n{\acute{e}}rale$, contre le courant majeur de linguistique et de structuralisme. Cette notion s'y focalise, ${\grave{a}}$ la valeur, ${\grave{a}}$ la $relativit{\acute{e}}$, ${\grave{a}}$ la $diff{\acute{e}}rence$ et au $syst{\grave{e}}me$. Avec elle, on tente d'adopter la $s{\acute{e}}miotique$ ouverte pour rechercher une $m{\acute{e}}thodologie$ de critique qui se veut objective et ${\grave{a}}$ la fois subjective. Il s'agit d'une difficile combinaison de l'impressionisme et de la scienticisme. Pour cela, la $m{\acute{e}}thodologie$ se $d{\acute{e}}veloppera$ en trois ${\acute{e}}tapes$. $1{\grave{e}}re$ ${\acute{e}}tape$: c'est lire le $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ comme un signe total pour 1er jugement d'impressionnisme. $2{\grave{e}}me$ ${\acute{e}}tape$: c'est retrouver sa structure invisible dans la $relativit{\acute{e}}$ des signes. $3{\grave{e}}me$ ${\acute{e}}tape$: c'est juger, dans leur $relativit{\acute{e}}$, comment les $d{\acute{e}}tails$ de signes se fonctionnent. C'est lire les $d{\acute{e}}tails$ de signes et puis $r{\acute{e}}affirmer$ le jugement en $1{\grave{e}}re$ ${\acute{e}}tape$. Selon les $derni{\grave{e}}res$ deux ${\acute{e}}tapes$, on pourra comparer le premier jugement (impressif) et le dernier jugement (objectif), et enfin s'assumer comme critique. Selon la $m{\acute{e}}thodologie$ $propos{\acute{e}}e$, on pratique la critique sur ${\acute{e}}crit$ par Jean Genet, et mise en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ par Lee Youn-Taek et par Park Jung-Hee. Pour la critique intertextuelle, on la fera en comparant les deux spectacles avec la $pi{\grave{e}}ce$ de Jean Genet. $D^{\prime}apr{\grave{e}}s$ la comparaison, Lee Youn-Taek met en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ avec $fid{\acute{e}}lit{\acute{e}}$ la structre et les signes de $d{\acute{e}}tail$ de l'auteur, Park Jung-Hee change sa structre et ses signes pour mettre en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ la $pi{\grave{e}}ce$ de Genet. Ils se $diff{\grave{e}}rent$ l'un et l'autre: Lee incite le discours de la classe sociale dans le spectacle, et Park y incite le discours du $d{\acute{e}}sir$. La $diff{\acute{e}}rence$ des signes dans la $relativit{\acute{e}}$ apporte la $diff{\acute{e}}rence$ de la signification de discours $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tral$, et enfin se font changer les significations de deux spectacles.