• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.528-533
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• 2015

Objective : We sought to examine anatomic variations of the atlas and the clinical significance of these variations. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 1029 cervical 3-dimensional (3D) CT images. Cervical 3D CT was performed between November 2011 and August 2014. Arcuate foramina were classified as partial or complete and left and/or right. Occipitalization of the atlas was classified in accordance with criteria specified by Mudaliar et al. Posterior arch defects of the atlas were classified in accordance with criteria specified by Currarino et al. Results : One hundred and eight vertebrae (108/1029, 10.5%) showed an arcuate foramen. Bilateral arcuate foramina were present in 41 of these vertebrae and the remaining 67 arcuate foramina were unilateral (right 31, left 36). Right-side arcuate foramina were partial on 18 sides and complete on 54 sides. Left-side arcuate foramina were partial on 24 sides and complete on 53 sides. One case of atlas assimilation was found. Twelve patients (12/1029, 1.17%) had a defect of the atlantal posterior arch. Nine of these patients (9/1029, 0.87%) had a type A posterior arch defect. We also identified one type B, one type D, and one type E defect. Conclusion : Preoperative diagnosis of occipitalization of the atlas and arcuate foramina using 3D CT is of paramount importance in avoiding neurovascular injury during surgery. It is important to be aware of posterior arch defects of the atlas because they may be misdiagnosed as a fracture.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.2161-2168
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• 2014

최근 사회 전반에 걸쳐 디지털 융합에 대한 관심이 높아짐에 따라 다양한 분야에서 창조적이고 새로운 형태로의 융합이 이루어지고 있다. 학문 분야에서는 학문연구 방법의 다양성을 모색하기 위한 연구가 이루어지고 있으며, 그 대안으로 융합학의 성격을 가지고 있는 전자문화지도에 관한 연구가 점차 확산되는 추세이다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 전자문화지도에 대해 알아보고 이를 비교 및 분석하고자 한다. 세부적으로 기존 전자문화지도의 베이스맵 활용, 인터페이스, 기능을 중심으로 한 비교 분석을 통해 효율적인 전자문화지도의 제작 방안에 대해 알아본다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.197-206
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• 1996

This study ws performed to investigate the relationship between cervical curvature and the spatial position of the posterior part of the atlas imaged in the lateral cephalograph. Sixty six patients with temporomandibular disorders(TMD) and twenty dental students were selected for patients group and control group, respectively. The average age of patients group was 26.3 years, and 24.9 years in control group. Measured variables were cervical depth, upper space between the atlas and the base of the occiput, lower space between the atlas and the spinous process of the axis, rea of the posterior part of the atlas imaged in the lateral cephalograph, and the cervical curvature passing through the uppermost point in dorsal side of Dens of the Axis to the lowermost and rearmost point of the 5th cervical vertebra. The reliability of the method used for measuring cervical curvature with curved ruler was also tested. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Cervical depth of patients group was 122.9mm and significantly shorter than that of control group, in which cervical depth was 131.9mm, and cervical depth was significantly correlated with other variables in all subjects. 2. Upper space was greater in patients group, but total space including upper and lower space showed no difference between the two groups. The average value of total space was 26.5mm. 3. Area of the posterior part of the atlas was 168.2$\textrm{mm}^2$ in patients group, and 186.5$\textrm{mm}^2$ in control group with significant difference between the two groups. 4. Average range of radius of cervical curvature were 33-40cm and there was no difference between the two groups. 5. There was no significant correlation between the cervical curvature and the area of the posterior arch of the atlas. 6. The method using curved ruler for measuring cervical curvature could be accepted as a reliable method.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2005

One of the most important roles of a brain atlas is providing a spatial reference system in which multiple images can be interpreted in a consistent way. The brain atlase based on Western populations such as the International Consortium for Brain Mapping's 452 T-1 Weighted Average Atlas was widely used; however, they may not be the optimal choice for use with brain images from other ethnic groups, because structural differences between occidental and oriental brains have been reported. Therefore, in this study, we created an average brain atlas from 100 healthy Koreans (100 cases (M/F=53/47), 39.0±17.0 years). The purpose of this study was to make a Korean average-brain atlas and to measure its differences from a widely accepted average brain atlas built on an occidental population. The average brain atlas for Koreans was developed using widely accepted tools and procedures. The comparison between the Korean and occidental averages was performed using tissue probability maps and a registration tool, and it was shown that the global pattern of differences between the two average brains found in this work agreed with previously reported differences: Korean brains are wider and shorter in size, and smaller in volume, yet no hemispheric volume asymmetry was found.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2022

This study is on the necessity of constructing an Electronic Culture Atlas of Gyeonggiyetgil the concept of information provision. Gyeonggiyetgil is a road restored by Gyeonggi-province with the goal of completion in 2022. The purpose of the road is not just the purpose of movement. In the case of Gyeonggiyetgil, it was built in the Joseon Dynasty and is a road that can be traveled on foot. Travelers walking on this road can experience the history, stories, cultural properties, and natural scenery of the road. Therefore, various information related to Gyeonggiyetgil exists. In this study, we would like to mention the necessity of constructing an Electronic Culture Atlas for Gyeonggiyetgil and discuss in detail how existing information can be collected and provided.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제42권10호
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• pp.1222-1230
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• 2015

무릎 자기공명영상에서 전방십자인대의 분할은 밝기값의 불균일성 및 주변 조직들과의 유사 밝기값 특성으로 인해 기존 분할기법의 적용에 한계가 있다. 본 논문에서는 지역적 정렬을 통한 확률아틀라스 생성 및 반복적 그래프 컷을 통한 다중아틀라스 기반 전방십자인대 분할기법을 제안한다. 첫째, 전역 및 지역적 다중아틀라스 강체정합을 통해 전방십자인대의 확률아틀라스를 생성한다. 둘째, 생성된 확률아틀라스를 이용하여 최대사후추정 및 그래프 컷을 통하여 전방십자인대 초기 분할을 수행한다. 셋째, 마스크 기반 강체정합을 통한 형상정보 개선 및 반복적 그래프 컷을 통해 전방십자인대 분할 개선을 수행한다. 제안방법의 성능평가를 위하여 육안평가 및 정확성평가를 수행하였으며, 평가 결과 제안방법의 Dice 유사도는 75.0%, 평균표면거리는 1.7화소, 제곱근표면거리는 2.7화소로서 기존 그래프 컷 방법에 비하여 전방 십자인대의 분할정확도가 각각 12.8%, 22.7%, 및 22.9% 향상된 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.198-206
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• 2021

Objective : The low-profile Neuroform Atlas stent can be deployed directly without an exchange maneuver by navigating into the Gateway balloon. This retrospective study assessed the safety and efficacy of Neuroform Atlas stenting as a rescue treatment after failure of mechanical thrombetomy (MT) for large artery occlusion. Methods : Between June 2018 and December 2019, a total of 31 patients underwent Neuroform Atlas stenting with prior Gateway balloon angioplasty after failure of conventional MT caused by residual intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). Primary outcomes were successful recanalization and patency of the vessel 24 hours after intervention. Secondary outcomes were vessel patency after 14 days and 3-month modified Rankin Scale. Peri-procedural complications, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and 3-month mortality were reviewed. Results : With a 100% of successful recanalization, median value of stenosis was reduced from 79.0% to 23.5%. Twenty-eight patients (90.3%) showed tolerable vessel patency after 14 days. New infarctions occurred in three patients (9.7%) over a period of 14 days; two patient (6.5%) underwent stent occlusion at 24 hours, and the other patient (3.2%) with delayed stent occlusion had a non-symptomatic dot infarct. There were no peri-procedural complications. Two patients (6.5%) developed an ICH immediately after the procedure with one of them is symptomatic. Conclusion : Neuroform Atlas stenting seems to be an effective and safe rescue treatment modality for failed MT with residual ICAS, by its high successful recanalization rate with tolerable patency, and low peri-procedural complication rate. Further multicenter and randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm our findings.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.80-88
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• 2020

Objective : Stent-assisted coil embolization (SAC) is commonly used for treating wide-neck intracranial aneurysms. In this study, we aimed to assess the clinical safety and efficacy of the NeuroForm Atlas Stent during SAC of intracranial aneurysms. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed data from patients with ruptured and unruptured cerebral aneurysms, who underwent SAC using the NeuroForm Atlas between February 2018 and July 2018. Favorable clinical outcomes and degree of aneurysm occlusion were defined as a modified Rankin scale score of ≤2 and a Raymond-Roy occlusion classification (RROC) class I/II during the immediate postoperative period and at the 6-month follow-up, respectively. Results : Thirty-one consecutive patients with 33 cases, including 11 ruptured and 22 unruptured cases were treated via NeuroForm Atlas SAC. Among the 22 unruptured cases with 24 unruptured aneurysms had favorable clinical outcome. Complete occlusion (RROC I) was achieved in 16 aneurysms (66.7%), while neck remnants (RROC II) were observed in six aneurysms (25%). Among the 11 patients with ruptured aneurysms, two died due to re-bleeding and diabetic ketoacidosis. In ruptured cases, RROC I was observed in eight (72.7%) and RROC II was observed in three cases (27.3%). At the 6-month follow-up, no clinical events were observed in the 22 unruptured cases. In the ruptured nine cases, five patients recovered without neurologic deficits, while four experienced unfavorable outcomes at 6 months. Of the 29 aneurysms examined via angiography at the 6-month follow-up, 19 (65.5%) were RROC I, eight (27.6%) were RROC II and two (6.9%) were RROC III. There were no procedure-related hemorrhagic complications. Conclusion : In this study, we found that stent-assisted coil embolization with NeuroForm Atlas stent may be safe and effective in the treatment of wide-neck intracranial aneurysms. NeuroForm Atlas SAC is feasible for the treatment of both ruptured and unruptured wide-neck aneurysms.

• 천문학논총
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.89-91
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• 2015

Observed spectra of stars around the Sun have indicated that the Sun is located in a gas cavity, extending to 100pc. This gas cavity is called the "Local Bubble". The density of the interstellar medium (ISM) in the local bubble is about one tenth that of the average for the ISM in the Milky Way. Furthermore, some structures such as gas planes and strings in the local bubble are probably the result of supernovae. These, due to their low temperatures, can not be observed in the visible and infrared. The only way to do so is to measure the spectra of nearby stars so that the light of stars passing through the local bubble is absorbed by existing gas and the resulting spectral lines from absorption can be measured. In this study, we use binary stars to trace the local bubble structures through lines such as the Na I Doublet. First, we determined the observed spectral lines of stars by HARPS and FEROS echelle spectrographs. Then, we made synthetic spectra with the ATLAS9 code. Finally, the difference between the observational and synthetic spectra confirms the existence of the Na I Doublet in the local ISM.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.60-70
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• 2006

2004년에 실제적인 서비스가 시작된 국토통계지도는 각종 국가 통계를 바탕으로 다양한 정보를 제공하였지만 기존 국토통계지도 시스템은 안정성과 다양한 기능성이 부족하였다. 이를 개선해 2005년에 개선된 국토통계지도 시스템은 기존의 약 8배의 공간데이터를 처리하면서도 단 하나의 통합지도만을 사용하며 다양한 기능을 추가할 수 있는 확장성을 가지고 있으면서 안정성 면에서도 개선 되게 되었다. 여러 사정들로 인해 기존 파일구조 시스템을 근본적으로 개선할 수 있는 데이터베이스관리시스템(DBMS)을 도입할 수는 없었지만 기존 시스템에서 개선된 형태의 파일시스템을 개발하였다. 공간자료와 동적으로 연결되어 각 공간자료들을 각각의 인덱스(연도, 지표, 지역 등)만을 가지는 자료로 독립시켰으며 이를 통해 인덱스 관리, 검색 시스템 등 DBMS에서 기본적으로 사용하는 구조를 파일시스템에 적용할 수 있었다. 공간자료가 각 단위 시스템에 자료를 요청하면 각 시스템 엔진들이 자료를 제공함으로써 새로운 시스템은 향후 DBMS도입을 위한 중간자적인 역할을 수행하게 되었다. 마지막으로 독도를 포함한 우리 지도를 보다 상세히 수정하여 보다 현실적인 국토의 모습을 보여주었다.