• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.9
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• pp.1-21
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• 2004

Die sogenannten verba pura bilden eine Teilmenge der germanischen starken Verben der VII. KLasse. Sie sind auf einsilbige langvokalisch auslautende Wurzeln des Vorurgermanischen $zur\"{u}ckzufuhren$: z. B. ${\ast}kn\bar{e}an$ 'erkennen', ${\ast}m\bar{e}an$ '$m\"{a}hen$', ${\ast}bl\bar{o}an$ $'bl\"{u}hen'$, ${\ast}m\bar{o}an$ $'qu\"{a}hlen'$. Um den Begriff der verba pura genau zu $erkl\"{a}ren$, stellt man diesen Verben die sogenannten verba impura $gegen\"{u}ber$, bei denen auf die lang Wurzelvokale urgerm. ${\ast}-\bar{e}-$ und ${\ast}-\ber{o}-$ ein Konsonant folgl: z.. B. urgerm. ${\ast}l\bar{e}tan$ (got. \etan) 'lassen', ${\ast}hw\bar{o}pan$ (got. hvopan) 'sich $r\"{u}hmen$'. Die germanischen starken Verben der VII. Klasse hat die $st\"{a}rksten$ Umgestaltungen mitgemacht, und zwar die verba pura noch mehr. In diesem Aufsatz untersuchte ich die $Gr\"{u}nde$ ihrer Umgestaltungen im germanischen Verbalsystem. Danach wird der Vorgang erschlossen, wie die verba pura in Ahd. zu den schwachen Verben I $\"{u}bertraten$. Dabei werden die folgenden Punkte besonders behandelt: Hatten die $fr\"{u}hzeitigen${\;}Pr\"{a}sensformen$ der verba pura -i-, das aus -jan herausgeht? Wenn nein, wie haben die verba pura zur schwachen Flexion $\"{u}bertraten$? Warum konnten die verba pura wie die anderen redupliziernden Verben in Ahd. nicht zu ablautenden Verben $\"{u}bergehen$?

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.386-393
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• 2006

The effects of Curcuma extract Solomon's seal (Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum), and maltodextrose on acute hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were investigated. Acute hepatotoxicity was induced by 0.5 mL of carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) per kg of SD rats, which was injected to them before administration of Curcuma extract or both Solomon's seal (Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum) and maltodextrose mixtures. SD rats dose with Curcuma extract of 4 mg or 40 mg per kg per day significantly (p<0.05) reduced the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) after 7 days compared to the controls dose with water. Treatments of Curcuma extract with 4 mg per kg per day in SD rats significantly (p<0.05) reduced aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) to 78.0%, 82.6%, and 76.3% after 7 days compared to the controls, respectively. The levels of AST and ALT in SD rats dose with both Solomon's seal (Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum) and maltodextrose mixtures or either alone had no significantly different (p>0.05) compared to the controls. Treatments of Curcuma extract combined with Solomon's seal (Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum) and maltodextrose mixtures was 'liked more' to the sensory scores for odor and flayer compared to the controls. It was considered that Curcuma extract combined with both Solomon's seal (Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum) and maltodextrose mixtures could be used to functional food for enhancement of health and consumer acceptance.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.253-261
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• 2022

After exposing Olive flounder and Korean rockfish to the concentration ranges of control (0 mg/L), 100 mg/L, 250 mg/L, 500 mg/L, and 1,000 mg/L, to investigate the physiological properties of suspended load on fish AST/GOT, ALT/GPT, ALP and cortisol were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the AST/GOT, ALT/GPT, ALP and cortisol values were higher in the suspended load concentration section than in the control group. After artificial infection with S. parauberis for Olive flounder and V. harveyi for Korean rockfish exposed to suspended load, the survival rate was higher in the control group than in the suspended load concentration section. These results are related to the previously study results of suspended load that adversely affect fish, suggesting that suspended load affects the health of fish.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.21 no.2 s.24
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• pp.329-339
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• 1988

The study is carried out to investigate the effect of drinking and smoking for the activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST, or GOT) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT or GPT), from December 25, 1986 to April 30, 1987. The male physical examinees for employment, 900 who had visited to the Taegu Medical Center were subjected. And the positive cases of HBs-Ag, Anti-HBs and skin test for Clonorchis sinensis were excluded. The general characters of drinking and smoking pattern were introduced by interview with questionnaire provided for. In drinking cases, the longer duration was significantly effected the higher rate of abnormality in AST and ALT level. But the amount and the frequency were not. It was not appeared effects by mackgulri which is a Korean traditional wine and small amount of beers. In smoking cases, also same pattern. The age was related in all cases. By the way, when the effect is related the positive results with other factors: HBs-Ag, Anti-HBs, skin test for Clonorchiasis and harmful occupational history, it is higher abnormal rate of AST and ALT in the duplicated cases with two factors or more. Particularly in HBs-Ag positive cases, those who had smoking was the highest in rate of abnormality, and drinking was the follows. In correlation matrix among seven factors; HBs-Ag, age, drinking amount, drinking period, drinking frequency, smoking amount and smoking period, correlation coefficient was significant between the abnormal rate and to with age, drinking period, smoking period, and smoking amount.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 1996

The effect of Cimicifuga heracleifolia on CC1$_4$-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated. Cimicifuga heracleifolia has been used to diaphoresis, antipyretics and detoxification in oriental remedy. We examined the effect of Cimicifuga heracleifolia methanol extract by blood chemical analysis and histopathologic examination. ALT and AST were decreased by 38% and 67% in pretreatment group of Cimicifuga heracleifolia compared to CC1$_4$control group respectively. There were significant changes neither in total protein, albumin, triglyceride and cholesterol nor in BUN and creatinine. In histopathologic examination, there were severe necrosis and hemorrhage with infiltration of inflammatory cells around the central vein, zone 3 in the liver of CC1$_4$ treated rat. Ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes were frequently noted in the periphery of the hemorrhagic necrosis. In Cimicifuga heracleifolia pretreatment group, we observed mild degree of ballooning degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration. No gross necrosis was observed. We measured malondialdehyde (MDA) formation by TBA method. It showed that the formation of MDA in Cimicifuga heracleifolia pretreatment group was decreased compared to the $CCl_4$control group. We got the result of the effect of Cimicifuga heracleifolia on CC1$_4$-induced hepatotoxicity by decreasing serum ALT and AST. It seems that the decrease of lipid peroxidation is related to the recovery effect.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.12-15
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• 2002

It has long been recognized that exposure to fire-induced toxic gases is a fatal hazard confront-ing people in fires. In this study, an indoor fire experiment was conducted in an unoccupied residential building located in An-san city, Kyoung-gi province, and the composition of effluent gases, which include CO, $CO_2$, $O_2$, $SO_2$, NO and $NO_2$, were measured by a gas analyzer. A group of lab rats were exposed to the toxic gases released from fire, and the blood samples of the rats were gathered every 2 minutes. A toxicity evaluation was conducted by analyzing the concentrations of Glucose, AST(GOT), ALT(GPT), CBC Count and CO(carboxy)-Hb in the blood samples. Shown from the analysis is the does-response relationship between the CO concentration that rats were exposed to and the CO-Hb concentration in rat blood.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.502-506
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• 2008

This patient has been acute hepatic injured three times(2005.11.14-11.30, 2006.2.25-3.8, 2006.3.21-4.10) while he hadn't taken herb medicine or anything special. During these periods, his liver function tests showed a sharp elevation of AST, ALT and ALP level. The 1st period by western medication and herb medicine mixed and the 2nd, the 3rd by herb medicine only, he'd been treated. Each of it got significant results in short haul. It maybe means that herb medicine is not dangerous even for the acute hepatic injured person, moreover it can be more effective in comparison with western treatment.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.729-735
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• 2005

This study was to analyze the difference between blood type and blood constitution according to Sasang constitution. The subjects were 302 men who visited blood donation house. Data collection was performed by using questionnaire that included three types of Sasang constitution. The data were analyzed as frequency, percentage, ${\chi}$2-test and ANOVA using SPSS 10.0 WIN Program. There was significant difference statistically in frequency of blood type as per Sasang constitution(${\chi}$2 =53.254, p=.000). Soyangin got most number in B type(34.7%), O type(26.7%), A type(21.8%), AB type(16.8%) in order. Taewumin got most number in O type (45.8%), A type(31.3%), B type(22.1%) and AB type(0.8%) in order, and in case of Sowumin, most in A type(54.3%), B type(24.3%), O type (11.4%) and AB type(10.0%) in order. In weight, height, fatness, hemoglobin, Hematocrit, platelet, ALT, AST and cholesterol, it appears that there is significant difference according to Sasang constitution. If proper regimen according to Sasang constitution by grasping the special features as per Sasang constitution through analyzing the difference as per Sasang constitution based on the results of above study is applied.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.168-174
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• 1998

This study was conducted to determine whether Mildronate, an analogue of carnitine, influences blood alcohol concentration and hang-over syndrome in rabbits and healthy college male students. In the animal study, ten rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. One hundred mg per 1kg body weight of Mildronate was injected twice into five rabbits before injecting 50% ethanol; the rest of rabbits were injected with saline. The human study was performed with two sections. Each section of the study was conducted by a two-phase cross-over design with a four day wash-out period. All volunteers took Mildronate in one phase, and took a placebo in the next phase. The difference between the two sections was related to the time of taking the Mildronate pill and the amount of alcohol consumed. Blood alcohol concentrations were not significantly different between in those taking Mildronate and in those taking the placebo in both the human and the animal study. However, the concentration of serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST, GOT), the indicator of liver cell damage, was lowered in those taking Mildronate, compared to those taking the placebo. Also, headache and heartburn among hang-over syndrome patients were less severe with Mildronate. In conclusion, taking Mildronate prior to drinking alcohol can somewhat reduce liver cell damage and hang-over syndrome without stimulating alcohol metabolism.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.88-89
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• 2011

To investigate liver toxicity of traditional rice wine, traditional rice wine was prepared by using cooked rice, Rhizopus stolonifier No. 17 nuruk and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After concentrated the traditional rice wine, it was orally administered into Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats and then changes of its body weight and biochemical parameters of the blood were investigated. All of male and female SD rats did not show any changes in its body weight during two weeks after administering the traditional rice wine concentrates and also biochemical parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST or GOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT of GOT) and alkaline phosphatase activity were not different compared to control. This results indicated that the traditional rice wine has not any toxicity.