• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.636-645
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• 2017

The physiological response of the longtooth grouper, Epinephelus bruneus to low water temperature (LWT) stress while on three different concentrations of dietary vitamin E (1 mg/diet g, 5 mg/diet g, and 10 mg /diet g) were investigated. Plasma cortisol, glucose, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were higher in the control and sham control compared with the vitamin E supplemented groups. The most addition with vitamin E in the diet (10 mg/diet g) showed the lowest levels of cortisol, glucose, and AST. However, plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) showed no significant differences across all experimental conditions (P>0.05). Also the more disposing vitamin E into feeding the better resistance against stress on the LWT was shown through cortisol, glucose, ALT, and AST.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.999-1005
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to probe the influences of krill (Euphausia superba) meal with NaF oral administration on a dose-effect relationship between fluoride levels of krill meal and serum enzyme activity such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in rats fed experimental diets for 5 weeks. There were no significant decreases in the activities of ALP, AST, ALT, and LDH in sera among krill meal diet groups (KF10, KF20, KF30). However, these groups were significantly (p<0.05) lower enzyme activities than normal diet (ND) plus NaF 10 mg group (NF). The fluoride levels of serum and organ tissues (liver, brain, heart, lung, kidney) in NaF 10 mg groups (NF, KF10, KF20, KF30) were significantly increased by adding krill meal in comparison with normal diet group. The results indicate that a difficult to found toxicity to the tissues from krill meal diet groups.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.96-107
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• 2003

Objective : This study was undertaken to determine if Pyunggangaeuljihyul-tang (Pinggankaiyuzhixue-tang, PG) has a protective effect against cell injury induced by various toxic agents in rabbit liver, Methods : Cell injury in vitro was estimated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and that in vivo was estimated by measuring alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in serum. Lipid peroxidation was examined by measuring malondialdehyde, a product of lipid per oxidation. Results : PG prevented the LDH release by $CCl_4$, mercury, menadione, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide treatment in vitro in liver slices. The extent of protection by 2% PG was similar to that of $10{\mu\textrm{M}}$ N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenedianline, a potent antioxidant, in tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced LDH release. PG also prevented lipid peroxidation and depletion of cellular ATP induced by Hg. Hg causes motphological changes including cell necrosis and its effect was significantly prevented by PG. When rats were treated intraperitoneatly with 0.5 ml/kg of $CCl_4$, serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were increased compared with the control, which was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of PG. PG also prevented reduction in GSH and lipid peroxidation induced by $CCl_4$ Conclusion : These results suggest that PG exerts aprotective effect against various toxic agents by its antioxidant action in liver tissues. Thus, PG may be used in prevention and treatment of drug-induced liver cell injury. However, the precise mechanisms of PG protection remain to be determined.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to obtain reference data of parameters for hematological health diagnosis in cultured freshwater fish and also evaluate application of automatic dry-type chemistry analyzer (FUJI DRI-CHEM 3000) used to those blood tests. A blood profile of total 200 fish for rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), israel carp (Cyprinus carpio), tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and eel (Anguilla japonica) cultured in Inland Fisheries Research Institute of NFRDI was determined by hemoglobin (Hb) and plasma chemistry tests: total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCHO), creatinine (CRE), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose (GLU). The values of ALT, TG, LDH, ALB, TCHO, AST and ALP were outside from the minimum and/or maximum of the established detectable range of the analyzer. ALT and TG were not detectable in the range of 67%~61.5%. LDH, ALB and TCHO were not detectable in the range of 36~17%. AST and ALP were not detectable in the range of 5.5~0.5%. However, the values of BUN, CRE, GLU, Hb and TP were below the detectable limits of the analyzer.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.32-42
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• 2024

This study compared the results of hemolyzed samples and re-collected samples to investigate a hemolysis influence and an acceptable hemolysis index (HI). Before and after hemolysis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), amylase (Amy), direct bilirubin (D-bil), total bilirubin (T-bil), creatine phosphokinase (CK), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), iron, potassium (K), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (Phos), total protein (TP), and uric acid (UA) showed significant results in the paired t-test. LDH, K, iron, AST, CK, GGT, TP, Amy and Phos had a high correlation between the degree of hemolysis and the results of samples. When comparing Roche's cut-off HI with HI^QChigh obtained using quality control (QC) high standard deviation (SD), AST, D-bil, CK, and LDH were similar, but Amy, GGT, K, iron, Phos, and TP were lower than the cut-off HI of Roche, while ALP and ALT were higher. Some analytes which showed no significant results in the paired t-test, were found to have significant results in HI>200. Hence, it is suggested that the hemolyzed sample should be rejected if HI>200. Based on this study that some analytes were affected when HI<100, we recommend to set the standard of hemolysis starting from HI>50.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2005

The hepatoprotective effects of chalcone derivatives were evaluated in D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (D-GaIN/LPS)-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mouse. Thirteen chalcone derivatives were synthesized for study and their hepatoprotective effects were evaluated by assessing aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in serum. Chalcone preparations were injected into mice at 12 hand 1 h before intraperitoneal injection of D-GaIN/LPS. After abdominal administration, changes in AST and ALT between the control and treated groups were observed. Ten of the synthesized chalcone derivatives exhibited inhibitory effects on D-GaIN/LPS-induced levels of AST and ALT in mice. Compounds 2, 3, 8, 9, and 12 markedly reduced serum AST and ALT at 8 h, inhibited hepatocyte necrosis and showed significant hepatoprotective activities. The activity of compound 3 was compared with the bifendate (DDB) through oral administration. Compound 3 showed much higher inhibitory effects than bifendate for decreasing AST and ALT activity. The results indicate that compound 3 has strong hepatoprotective activity through suppression of tumor necrosis factor­alpha (TNF-alpha) preduction, reduction of the histological change in the liver, and attenuated of hepatocyte apoptosis confirmed by DNA fragmentation assay.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of natural Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. vinegar on the liver protective effect of animals exposed to carbon tetrachloride. Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. vinegar (200 mg/kg) was administered at the same time for 28 days, and hepatotoxicity was induced by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride on the $29^{th}$ day. The aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.001) and the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were significantly increased (p < 0.001) in the Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. vinegar group compared to the control group. Histopathological observations showed that the Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. vinegar showed hepatic cell structure similar to normal group, and these results showed that it had an effect of suppressing and protecting the damage of liver cell. Therefore, Eriobotrya japonical Lindl. vinegar is considered to be a healthy functional food of the liver.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1420-1426
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• 2019

This study was done to investigate the protective effects of ethanol extract Artemisiae vulgaris L(Av) on carbon tetrachloride(CCl₄)intoxicated rats. Male sprague Dawley rats(200~210g)was used. experimental groups were divided into normal group, CCl₄-control group, and ethanol extract CCl₄-treated group. CCl₄-treated groups were injected with CCl₄ 0.6mg/kg.b.w(i.p). The activities of Alanine aminotransferase(ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase(AST), Alkaline phosphatase(ALP), Glutamyl transpeptidase(γ-GT), Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in extract pretrated group was significantly decreased(p<0.05) compared to the CCl₄-control group. The contents of triglyceride, cholesterol and lipid peroxide were significantly decreased(p<0.05). whereas the contents of HDL-cholesterol and glutathione(GSH) were significantly increased(p<0.05). These results suggest that extract of Artemisiae vulgaris L(Av) has hepatoprotective effect in the CCl₄-intoxicated rats.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.47-54
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was performed to compare the preventive effect of water extracts from Injinho-tang and Haninjinho-tang on hyperlipidemia and liver damage induced by alcohol. Methods : Except for the normal group, we fed rat on 25% alcohol for 55 days. And each extract was administrated for the same period. We measured the serum component in rat's blood, body weight and weight of liver. Results : 1. At first, we observed effects of Injinho-tang and Haninjinho-tang on hyperlipidemia induced by alcohol. Injinho-tang group showed significant decrease of triglyceride, body weight in comparison with those of the control group. Haninjinho-tang group showed significant decrease of total cholesterol, triglyceride in comparison with those of the control group. I 2. At second, we observed effects of Injinho-tang and Haninjinho-tang on liver damage induced by alcohol. lnjinho-tang group showed significant decrease of AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), liver weight in comparison with those of the control group. Haninjinho-tang group showed significant decrease of AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase) in comparison with those of the control group. Conclusion : Reviewing these experimental results, it appears that water extracts from Injinho-tang and Haninjinho-tang have pharmaceutical preventive efficacy on hyperlipidemia and liver damage induced by alcohol. Therefore further additional study should be conducted to elucidate in depth the pharmaceutical efficacy of these.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2017

This study investigated physiological and hematological changes, expression of stress protein Hsp70 mRNA and oxygen consumption in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) after exposing the fish at different temperature conditions (9, 12, 15, 18 and 21℃) for 24 and 48 hours. Hematological parameters including hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb), cortisol and glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), NH₃, osmolality and total protein (TP) mostly exhibited significant changes at 9 and 12℃. The expression of Hsp70 mRNA was also higher at 9 and 12℃ than at other temperatures. The measured oxygen consumptions were also lower at 9 and 12℃ than at 21℃. It is expected that the study results could be utilized as baseline data to control water temperature during long-distance transportation, e.g. for exporting olive flounder juveniles to overseas.