• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.230-236
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• 2022

Objectives: The primary goal of this article is to compare the multiple algorithms used for deadlock handling methods and then outline the common method in deadlock handling methods. Methods: The article methodology begins with introducing a literature review studying different algorithms used in deadlock detection and many algorithms for deadlocks prevented, recovered, and avoided. Discussion and analysis of the literature review were done to classify and compare the studied algorithms. Findings: The results showed that the deadlock detection method solves the deadlock. As soon as the real-time deadlock detection algorithm is identified and indicated, it performs better than the non-real-time deadlock detection algorithm. Our novelty the statistics that we get from the percentages of reviewing outcomes that show the most effective rate of 47% is in deadlock prevention. Then deadlock detection and recovery with 28% finally, a rate of 25% for deadlock avoidance.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.952-973
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• 2021

In recent years, mobile devices have become an essential part of daily life. More and more applications are being supported by mobile devices thanks to edge computing, which represents an emergent architecture that provides computing, storage, and networking capabilities for mobile devices. In edge computing, heavy tasks are offloaded to edge nodes to alleviate the computations on the mobile side. However, offloading computational tasks may incur extra energy consumption and delays due to network congestion and server queues. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize offloading decisions to minimize time, energy, and payment costs. In this article, different offloading models are examined to identify the offloading parameters that need to be optimized. The paper investigates and compares several optimization techniques used to optimize offloading decisions, specifically Swarm Intelligence (SI) models, since they are best suited to the distributed aspect of edge computing. Furthermore, based on the literature review, this study concludes that a Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) in an edge-based architecture is a good solution for balancing energy consumption, time, and cost.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.4545-4566
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• 2021

The evolution of IoT technology is having a significant impact on people's lives. Almost all areas of people's lives are benefiting from increased productivity and simplification made possible by this trending technology. On the downside, however, the application of IoT technology is posing some security challenges, among them, unauthorized access to IoT devices. This paper presents an Attribute-based Access Control Fog architecture that aims to achieve effective distribution, increase availability and decrease latency. In the proposed architecture, the main functional points of the Attribute-based Access Control are distributed to provide policy decision and policy information mechanisms in fog nodes, locating these functions near end nodes. To evaluate the proposed architecture, an access control engine based on the Attribute-based Access Control was built using the Balana library and simulated using EdgeCloudSim to compare it to the traditional cloud-based architecture. The experiments show that the fog-based architecture provides robust results in terms of reducing latency in making access decisions.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.11-17
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• 2022

Purpose: This article explores the experiences of Research Universities (RU) on distribution-support technologies in commercialisation with a specific focus in the Malaysian context. Research design, data and methodology: A qualitative research was carried out, in which six RU were interviewed. A structured interview was conducted. To analyse and interpret the data was using an approach adopted in qualitative thematic strategy. The findings were transcribed using Atlas.ti software to analyse related themes through a thematic analysis approach to link theories. Results: The findings provide useful insights into the significant roles of distribution-support technologies on the commercialisation strategy and impacts on the ecosystem of innovation and commercialisation in providing the importance of Distribution-support Technologies to strengthen the role of university-industry-community relation to drive the economy towards a high-income nation. Conclusions: This study will contribute theory through commercialisation literature by adding new knowledge concerning the link between universities and distribution-support technologies in commercialisation. Therefore, the practical contributions are significant for universities; industries; research institutes; government and societies to develop and plan strategically for effective, strategic and sustainable distribution-support technologies in innovation and commercialisation ecosystem.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

Purpose: This study intends to explore the knowledge distribution in immigrant entrepreneurship in a host country Malaysia. In Malaysia, most immigrants are workers who later started their own businesses. They have a higher tendency to engage in entrepreneurial activities thus knowledge distribution from previous employment is necessary. Research design, data and methodology: This qualitative study using in-depth interview approach was carried out with five immigrant entrepreneurs from Bangladesh conducting business in Malaysia. The data were gathered and analysed using thematic analysis facilitated by ATLAS.ti software. Results: The findings provide useful insights on the significance of knowledge obtained during immigrant entrepreneurs' former employment in the host country, enabling them to identify the needed resources quickly to launch a successful business in a host country. Conclusions: This study contributes to the Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship specifically in the context of immigrant entrepreneurship who have former employment in the same business sector and a proposition is developed. For practicality, the findings provide some insights for immigrants who want to start businesses in the host country which allow them to identify and exploit entrepreneurial opportunities due to knowledge distribution at their former employment in the host country later facilitates successful business establishment there.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.269-275
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• 2023

A Morel-Lavallée lesion results from a degloving injury between the muscle fascia and the subcutaneous layer. It is most commonly found in the trochanteric area but can occur at other sites. The treatment of the condition varies according to the medical circumstances, as well as the size and chronicity of the condition. A case of large (18×6 and 10×5 cm) bilateral posttraumatic Morel-Lavallée lesions with no underlying bone fracture is presented; the case occurred in a 49-year-old male patient 4 weeks posttrauma. Ultrasound scans showed bilateral large collections of anechoic fluid, which were aspirated under ultrasound guidance and further managed by compression bandages. There were no further complications. The objective of this case report is to present this unique and educational case, as well as to provide an overview of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of Morel-Lavallée lesions. We conclude by discussing the importance of having a high index of suspicion to ensure early detection and prompt treatment of such lesions to avoid complications.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.299-310
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the anti-fibrogenic effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on rat hepatic stellate cells. Materials and Methods : Hepatic stellate cells(HSC-T6) were treated with various concentrations of Salvia miltiorrhiza extract for 24 hours. It was extracted either with distilled water or 50% EtOH. After the treatment, cell viability, proliferation, procollagen levels and the mRNA of the collagen type 1a2 and ASMA were measured Results : The viability and proliferation of the hepatic stellate cells were decreased as concentration increased. The mRNA expression decreased consistently with the volume of the secreted procollagen with the extraction made with distilled water. This indicates the herb has inhibitory effect on fibrogenesis of the liver by regulating one of the fibrosis associated genes in transcription. However it increased in 50% EtOH extraction, which shows that a more stable reaction is expected of the extraction made with distilled water than the extraction made with 50% EtOH. The production of procollagen was decreased by a low-concentration treatment with Salvia miltiorrhiza, but increased by a high concentration. It seemed that the cells were responding to Salvia miltiorrhiza in low- concentration, thus producing smaller amounts of collagen. When the drug was administered in high enough concentration to give direct toxicity to cells, an overproduction of collagen was observed. Conclusion : These results suggest that Salvia miltiorrhiza is a possible candidate for the treatment of cirrhotic patients as well as for patients with chronic hepatitis when extracted with water in the proper concentrations.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.500-511
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of Saengangeonbitang-gasamchilgn(SGGBTGSCG) on collagen production in rat hepatic stellate cells(HSC) and on the TAA-induced chronic liver injury model in rats. Methods : 1) HSCs were treated with SGGBTGSCG extract powder(50% EtOH SGGBTGSCG, dw SGGBTGSCG). After the treatment, MTT assay, BrdU assay and procollagen assay were done. In addition, gene expressions of collagen type $1{\alpha}2$, ASMA, TIMP1, and TIMP2, all of which are known to be associated with liver fibrosis, were analyzed by RT-PCR. 2) Liver fibrosis was developed in rats by injection of TAA 3 times a week for 5 weeks. After the SGGBTGSCG-treatment, body weight, liver & spleen weight, liver function test, the complete blood cell count and the change of portal pressure were studied. Results : In MTT assay, SGGBTGSCG significantly decreased the viability of HSCs in a dose-dependent manner. In BrdU assay, SGGBTGSCG significantly inhibited the HSC proliferation in a dose-dependant manner. In procollagen assay, SGGBTGSCG decreased procollagen production by HSC. In the change of rats' liver and spleen weight, TAA+SGGBTGSCG groups showed little difference compared with TAA-only group. In the liver function test, SGGBTGSCG decreased the serum level of ALT, AST, and Alp elevated by TAA. In the complete blood cell count, SGGBTGSCG significantly decreased WBC elevated by TAA and increased RBC and Hct lowered by TAA. In the change of portal pressure, SGGBTGSCG decreased portal pressure elevated by TAA. Conclusions : These results suggest that SGGBTGSCG is beneficial in the treatment of cirrhotic patients as well as for patients with chronic hepatitis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.367-370
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• 2012

Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide In Iran, it ranks first among cancers diagnosed in women and is the fifth most common cause of death. The aim of this study was to present the mortality trends from breast cancer for Iranian women during a period of almost a decade, in order to provide update information regarding the likely future. Methods: We analyzed National death Statistic reported by the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education from 1995 to 2004 to generate annual mortality rates/100,000, overall, by age group (<15, 15-49 and ${\geq}50$ years of age) and age standardized rate (ASR). Results: The age standardized mortality rate of breast cancer increased dramatically during these years from 1.40 to 3.52 per 100,000 and its mortality was increasing 151.4% for Iranian women, although it seemed that the rate leveled off from 2002 to 2004. Moreover the increasing rate was higher for those aged between 15-49 compared to age >50 years old. Conclusion: There is an increasing trend for breast cancer mortality in Iran. Thus, health education programs to rectify the lack of women awareness about breast cancer signs and effective screening are urgently needed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.539-543
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• 2012

Background: The results of the Global School Personnel Survey (GSPS) conducted in India in 2009 are compared with 2006 GSPS to assess any change in 2009 on tobacco use and knowledge and attitudes to tobacco use, training and availability of tobacco control teaching material in schools and the existence of school tobacco control policies. Methods: GSPS is a cross sectional survey conducted twice (2006 and 2009) in entire India. A total of 180 schools were surveyed each time. Results: Of the participating school personnel, 2660 in 2006 and 2575 in 2009, about 95% were teachers and the balance administrators. In 2009, compared to 2006 the prevalence of current smoking of cigarettes (19.6% in 2006 and 10.3% in 2009) and bidis (21.5% in 2006 and 13.9% in 2009) was found to be significantly lower; the percentage of teachers receiving training on preventing youth tobacco use has significantly reduced (16.7% in 2006 and 10.1% in 2009); access of teachers to educational materials on tobacco use and how to prevent its use among youth had not increased (34.6% in 2006 and 37.8% in 2009); there was no change in policy prohibiting tobacco use among students and school personnel; however, ever use of any tobacco on school premises was significantly lower (15.6% in 2006 and 9.6% in 2009). Conclusions: The prevalence of current smoking (cigarettes/bidis) among school personnel and use of any tobacco on school premises were significantly decreased in 2009 as compared to 2006. Necessary action should be planned to increase the number of teachers trained and the availability of teaching materials on preventing youth tobacco use in order to have effective prevention of tobacco use among students.