• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 2009

This study reflects the concept of risk-based design to present a systematic design means and a method to adjust regulations and standards towards a more reliable direction within the current law. In order to enhance the early design concentration and level in the part of safety design, a new Advanced Safety Analysis Table (ASAT) was developed to provide information on the systematized safety design element from the early design phase. Furthermore, a guideline was put forth about the selection of a safety device according to process trouble, on the basis of the ASAT. To apply the proposed ASAT and the selection method of a safety device according to process troubles, the ASAT was executed for the PGC (Process Gas Compressor) of the NCC (Naphtha Cracking Center), and the result of selecting the safety device was analyzed according to process trouble.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.237-244
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• 1993

Aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) (L-aspartate : 2-oxyoglutarate, EC 2.6. 1. 1.) from Streptomyces fradiae NRRL 2702 has been purified by acetone precipitation, DEAE-cellulose, hydroxyapatite, and preparative electrophoresis (Prep cell), of which the last was the most effective step in the purification of ASAT. The molecular mass was estimated to be 54,000 dalton by SDS-PAGE and 120,000 dalton by gel filtration chromatography. Preparative isoelectric focusing of purified ASAT resulted in one polypeptide band with a pI of 4.2, showing homogeneity and indicating that the enzyme is composed of two identical subunits. The enzyme was specific for L-aspartate as an amino donor ; the $K_{m}$ values were determined to be 2.7 mM for L-aspartate, 0.7 mM for 2-oxoglutarate, 12.8 mM for L-glutamate, and 0.15 mM for oxaloacetate. The enzyme was relatively heat-stable, having maximum activity at 55.deg.C, and it had a broad pH optimum ranging from 5.5 to 8.0. The activity of the purified enzyme was not inhibited by ammonium ions. This paper reports the first purification and characterization of the aspartate aminotransferase from a species of Streptomyces.s.

• Journal of Space Technology and Applications
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.165-198
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• 2023

According to the studies recently published through advanced maui optical and space surveillance technologies (AMOS) Conference 2021, LEO conjunction assessment revolves around not on operating satellites but space debris such as rocket bodies and non-operational satellites, hence suggesting a solution through space traffic management. Against this backdrop, the issue of active debris removal (ADR) has emerged to the surface as an international challenge throughout the globe. In step with this, the United Nations General Assembly approved a resolution calling on nations to halt tests of direct-ascent anti-satellites, to which U.S. and twelve other nations included Republic of Korea were original signatories. ADR techniques are also actively being researched in the civil sector, and these commercial services, if successfully developed, could possibly be utilized for military use as well. As such, this paper will help readers' understanding for the current status of ADR techniques, space threat assessments, on-orbit rendezvous and proximity operations by looking at previous cases, reflecting on space-faring nations' ADR techniques and its development probability in relation to space weapons. As a conclusion, this study will propose the needs of developing space propulsion system by understanding Space Maneuver Warfare in preparation for the future space battlefield.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2021

The research topics of the appropriate technology include environment, medical, education, and energy etc. Therefore, having a review on appropriate technology requires huge efforts of specialists from many difference research areas. Social network analysis has been applied to understand the relationships among the components in the network and to provide insights by visualizing the huge network having many components. In this study, the co-authors and their research topics at the international conference on appropriate technology (ICAT) held by Academic Society for Appropriate Technology (ASAT) from 2017 to 2019 were analyzed using the statistical and visualization tools. The networks between co-authors were analyzed using the pretreated data which were collected from ASAT. The annual trend or characteristics of the general information on ICAT were also analyzed.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.479-484
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• 2007

Recently China has carried out a successful anti-satellite missile test at more than 850km altitude January 11 destroying an aging Chinese weather satellite target with a kinetic kill vehicle launched on board a ballistic missile. Korea has developed scientific and commercial satellites and sounding rockets from 1990s. As the fear of the militarisation of space becomes the reality, we need to consider the safety of our space assets from the perspectives of design, operation, and policy. In this paper we study on the general meanings and impacts of Chinese anti-satellite missile test and the measure to protect our space assets from the points of the design, operation and policy.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.205-237
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• 2014

Last 50 years there were a lot of space subjects launched by space activities of many states and these activities also had created tremendous, significant space debris contaminating the environment of outer space. The large number of space debris which are surrounding the earth have the serious possibilities of destroying a satellite or causing huge threat to the space vehicles. For example, Chinese anti-satellite missile test was conducted by China on January 11, 2007. As a consequence a Chinese weather satellite was destroyed by a kinetic kill vehicle traveling with a speed of 8 km/s in the opposite direction. Anti-satellite missile tests like this,contribute to the formation of enormous orbital space debris which can remain in orbit for many years and could interfere with future space activity (Kessler Syndrome). The test is the largest recorded creation of space debris in history with at least 2,317 pieces of trackable size (golf ball size and larger) and an estimated 150,000 debris particles and more. Several nations responded negatively to the test and highlighted the serious consequences of engaging in the militarization of space. The timing and occasion aroused the suspicion of its demonstration of anti-satellite (ASAT) capabilities following the Chinese test of an ASAT system in 2007 destroying a satellite but creating significant space debris. Therefore this breakup seemed to serve as a momentum of the UN Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines and the background of the EU initiatives for the International Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities. The UN Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines thus adopted contain many technical elements that all the States involved in the outer space activities are expected to observe to produce least space debris from the moment of design of their launchers and satellites until the end of satellite life. Although the norms are on the voluntary basis which is normal in the current international space law environment where any attempt to formulate binding international rules has to face opposition and sometimes unnecessary screening from many corners of numerous countries. Nevertheless, because of common concerns of space-faring countries, the Guidelines could be adopted smoothly and are believed faithfully followed by most countries. It is a rare success story of international cooperation in the area of outer space. The EU has proposed an International Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities as a transparency and confidence-building measure. It is designed to enhance the safety, security and sustainability of activities in outer space. The purpose of the Code to reduce the space debris, to allow exchange of the information on the space activities, and to protect the space objects through safety and security. Of the space issues, the space debris reduction and the space traffic management require some urgent attention. But the current legal instruments of the outer space do not have any binding rules to be applied thereto despite the incresing activities on the outer space. We need to start somewhere sometime soon before it's too late with the chaotic situation. In this article, with a view point of this problem, focused on the the Chinese test of an ASAT system in 2007 destroying a satellite but creating significant space debris and tried to analyse the issues of space debris reduction.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2006

The present study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of the extract of Pterocarpus santalinus Linn on acute hepatotoxicity induced in Wistar albino rats by a single dose of Galactosamine (400 mg/kg). Suspensions of methanolic extract of heartwood of P. santalinus (200 and 400 mg/kg) in 0.3% Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) were administered p.o. to experimental animals and hepatoprotective activity was monitored by estimating aspartate amino transferase (ASAT, GOT), alanine amino transferase (ALAT, GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGL), albumin, total protein (TP) levels. The methanolic extract significantly reduced the elevation of serum transaminases and alterations of biochemical parameters induced by hepatotoxin, and alleviated the degree of liver damage. The results were supported by histopathological studies of liver samples showing regeneration of hepatocytes in treated animals. Silymarin (25 mg/kg), a known hepatoprotective drug was used for comparison. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that P. santalinus exerts hepatoprotective activity and may serve as a useful adjuvant in several clinical conditions associated with liver damage.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.55-74
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• 2007

When the People's Republic of China destroyed one of its own defunct meteorological satellites, the Fengyun-1C, at an altitude of some 865 km above the earth's surface, the PRC was accused of initiating, or at the very least risking an(other) arms race in outer space also. The test also gave rise to a few legal questions as to the permissibility of this test, and the broader permissibility of using space for military and other weapon-touting activities, Whilst the test cannot be considered to constitute a direct threat to international peace and security so as to invoke relevant legal principles and consequences in terms of the UN Charter for example, it highlights the importance of such clauses in international space law as requiring international cooperation and consultation, due regard for the interests of all other countries both on earth and in outer space, and the further development of general regimes of registration and space debris-prevention. From that perspective, the PRC violated international outer space law not so much by the test itself but by the accompanying lack of information, consultation and due regard for other states', and indeed mankind's, interests.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.1198-1206
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• 1996

This paper proposes the functionality of communication network management which operates in central control station of satellite communication network, which will be constructed to DAMA-SCPC ground station using KORE ASAT. And communication network configuration components are classified with hierarchical structure in order to efficiently maintain communication network operation management, and configuration components that are classified into graphic objects and this graphic objects are visualized with tree structure which can be handled uniformally and efficiently. In addition to that, this paper proposes expression method of graphic object to implement our real time communication network management system, and the real time communication net-work management composed as client-server system. The performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed through the computer simulation.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• no.spc
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• pp.181-199
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• 2007

When the People's Republic of China destroyed one of its own defunct meteorological satellites, the Fengyun-1C, at an altitude of some 865 km above the earth's surface, the PRC was accused of initiating, or at the very least risking an(other) arms race in outer space also. The test also gave rise to a few legal questions as to the permissibility of this test, and the broader permissibility of using space for military and other weapon-touting activities, Whilst the test cannot be considered to constitute a direct threat to international peace and security so as to invoke relevant legal principles and consequences in terms of the UN Charter for example, it highlights the importance of such clauses in international space law as requiring international cooperation and consultation, due regard for the interests of all other countries both on earth and in outer space, and the further development of general regimes of registration and space debris-prevention. From that perspective, the PRC violated international outer space law not so much by the test itself but by the accompanying lack of information, consultation and due regard for other states', and indeed mankind's, interests.