• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.36 no.7
• /
• pp.548-559
• /
• 2009

The cascade face detector learned by Adaboost algorithm, which was proposed by Viola and Jones, is state of the art face detector due to its great speed and accuracy. In spite of its great performance, it still suffers from false alarms, and more computation is required to reduce them. In this paper, we want to reduce false alarms with less computation using facial color. Using facial color information, proposed face detection model scans sub-window efficiently and adapts a fast face/non-face classifier at the first stage of cascade face detector. This makes face detection faster and reduces false alarms. For facial color filtering, we define a facial color membership function, and facial color filtering image is obtained using that. An integral image is calculated from facial color filtering image. Using this integral image, its density of subwindow could be obtained very fast. The proposed scanning method skips over sub-windows that do not contain possible faces based on this density. And the face/non-face classifier at the first stage of cascade detector rejects a non-face quickly. By experiment, we show that the proposed face detection model reduces false alarms and is faster than the original cascade face detector.

• Journal of KIISE
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.36-44
• /
• 2018

Due to the advent of the 4th Industrial Revolution, it is imperative that we aggressively continue to develop state-of-the-art, cutting edge ICT technology relative to autonomous vehicles, intelligent robots, and so forth. Especially, systems based on convergence IT are being developed in the form of CPSs (Cyber Physical Systems) that interwork with sensors and actuators. Since conventional CPS specification only expresses behavior of one system, specification for collaboration and diversity of CPS systems with characteristics of hyper-connectivity and hyper-convergence in the 4th Industrial Revolution has been insufficiently presented. Additionally, behavioral modeling of CPSs that considers more collaborative characteristics has been unachieved in real-time application domains. This study defines the non-functional requirements that should be identified in developing embedded software for real-time constrained collaborating CPSs. These requirements are derived from ISO 25010 standard and formally specified based on state-based timed process. Defined non-functional requirements may be reused to develop the requirements for new embedded software for CPS, that may lead to quality improvement of CPS.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.534-539
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the inhibitory action and quality-improvement functions of sweetness inhibitor, Na$\pm$2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy) propanoate (Na-PMP) in pound cakes. Na-PMP was first used to evaluate the intensity of sweetness in different concentrations of sucrose and fructose solutions: Na-PMP (250 and 500 ppm) was added to the model solutions of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10% sucrose and the equi-sweetness levels of fructose with the sucrose solutions. Both concentrations of Na-PMP significantly modified the sweetness intensity for both model solutions. For practical application of Na-PMP, different levels of sucrose (10, 20, and 30%) were added to the basic recipe (a control) of pound cake preparation. Excessive sweetness due to the addition of high levels of sucrose to the basic recipe was modified by the addition of Na-PMP, which resulted in equi-sweetness as the control (p<0.05). Moreover, Na-PMP improved the texture and shelf-life of the pound cake.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.12 no.4 s.31
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 2004

Recently, as a part of NGIS project, cultural-assets digital map is produced by cultural properties administration and local autonomous entities. Cultural-assets unified GIS(Geographic Information System) is essential to cultural properties managers md other organizations which are executing land related business for appling it at planning stage. With explosive national land developments, it has been obligated to implement surface survey by the cultural properties protection Art. In this paper, the authors used the district of Sachon city and made 3D terrain model using digital map which is made of 1/5000 stale. Moreover, the authors improved to RDBMS(Relational Database Management System) structure and remodeled the existing DB design in detail, and also tried recovery of past sea level, based on researches about the water level of southern area. By recover past sea level. the shell mound, apart from lever is actually near lever at past, and it make sure its nature. The authors suggested to realize shape and kind of remains which have 3D information of accuracy and actualization from surface-surveying to excavation.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.194-208
• /
• 2013

This study presented a theoretical research system about the impact of boss' transformational leadership that is recognized by super luxury hotel chefs on their job satisfaction and performance, and on the basis of this theoretical background, the model was derived and the hypothesis was confirmed by empirical research. A frequency analysis was conducted to determine the general characteristics of the 245 samples collected in this study, an exploratory factor analysis for the verification of the validity of boss' transformational leadership, employees' job satisfaction and job performance, and 'Cronbach's a' was used for the verification of reliability. In addition, a canonical correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between transformational leadership, job satisfaction and job performance, and the influencing relations of variables were verified by running a multiple regression analysis through SPSS ver 18.0 statistical package in order to verify this research model and hypothesis. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, it was shown that the transformational leadership charisma (p<0.01) and only the individual concern (p<0.1) had a positive influence on job satisfaction. Second, as a result of understanding the impact of the transformational leadership on the job performance through a regression coefficient, it was shown that only boss' intellectual stimulation had an impact on the chef's job performance (p<0.005). Through the results of an empirical analysis that boss' transformational leadership had a correlation and a significant impact on job satisfaction and job performance, the effort of providing the systematic support and motivational aspects of supporting environment will be needed.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.7 no.5
• /
• pp.159-166
• /
• 2006

It was found that Korean Standard of Estimate which has been used as the only basis of cost estimate of public construction projects had some side effects such as jerry-build construction and over-estimation because it failed to reflect the current price and the state-of-the-art construction methods in a changing construction environment. Therefore, the government decided to gradually introduce historical construction cost into cost estimate of public construction projects from 2004. This paper presents analytic criteria and a process model for deducing more current and reasonable historical construction cost for contract items from not only previous contract prices but also all of the other bid prices that were not contracted. The procedure of estimating actual unit cost proposed in this paper focuses on the removal of abnormal values including strategically too low or high prices and the time correction. In addition, basic research is conducted for the correction of actual unit cost through the analysis of fluctuation of bid price depending on bidding types and rates of successful bid. It is anticipated that the effective use of the proposed process model for estimating actual unit cost would make the cost estimation more current and reasonable.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
• /
• v.10 no.3 s.49
• /
• pp.101-111
• /
• 2006

This paper proposes a method for modeling new fault ground motion due to moderate size earthquakes in Stable Continental Regions (SCRs) for the first time. The near fault ground motion is characterized by a single long period velocity pulse of large amplitude. In order to model the velocity pulse, its period and peak amplitude need be determined in terms of earthquake magnitude and distance from the causative fault. Because there have been observed very few new fault ground motions, it is difficult to derive the model directly from the recorded data in SCRs. Instead an indirect approach is adopted in this work. The two parameters, the period and peak amplitude of the velocity pulse, are known to be functions of the rise time and the slip velocity. For Western United States (WUS) that belongs active tectonic regions, there art empirical formulas for these functions. The relations of rise time and slip velocity on the magnitude in SCRs are derived by comparing related data between Western United States and Central-Eastern United States that belongs to SCRs. From these relations, the functions of these pulse parameters for NFGM in SCRs can be expressed in terms of earthquake magnitude and distance. A time history of near fault ground motion of moderate magnitude earthquake in stable continental regions is synthesized by superposing the velocity pulse on the for field ground motion that is generated by stochastic method. As an demonstrative application, the response of a single degree of freedom elasto-plastic system is studied.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.1035-1052
• /
• 2019

Recently, as the demand for immersive videos increases, efficient video processing techniques for omnidirectional immersive video is actively developed by MPEG-I. While the omnidirectional video provides a larger degree of freedom for a free viewpoint, the size of the video increases significantly. Furthermore, in order to compress 6 degree-of-freedom (6 DoF) videos that support motion parallax, it is required to develop a codec to yield better coding efficiency. In this paper, we develop a 6 DoF codec using Versatile Video Coding (VVC) as the next generation video coding standard. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first VVC-based 6 DoF video codec toward the future ISO/IEC 23090 Part 7 (Metadata for Immersive Media (Video)) MPEG-I standardization. The experiments were conducted on the seven test video sequences specified in Common Test Condition (CTC) in two operation modes of TMIV (Test Model for Immersive Media) software. It is demonstrated that the proposed codec improves coding performance around 33.8% BD-rate reduction in the MIV (Metadata for Immersive Video) mode and 30.2% BD-rate reduction in the MIV view mode as compared to the state-of-the-art TMIV reference software. We also show the performance comparisons using Immersive Video PSNR (IV-PSNR) and Mean Structural Similarity (MSSIM).

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.921-932
• /
• 2015

This study analyzed military personnel survivability in regards to offensive operations according to the scientific military training data of a reinforced infantry battalion. Scientific battle training was conducted at the Korea Combat Training Center (KCTC) training facility and utilized scientific military training equipment that included MILES and the main exercise control system. The training audience freely engaged an OPFOR who is an expert at tactics and weapon systems. It provides a statistical analysis of data in regards to state-of-the-art military training because the scientific battle training system saves and utilizes all training zone data for analysis and after action review as well as offers training control during the training period. The methodologies used the Cox PH modeling (which does not require parametric distribution assumptions) and decision tree modeling for survival data such as CART, GUIDE, and CTREE for richer and easier interpretation. The variables that violate the PH assumption were stratified and analyzed. Since the Cox PH model result was not easy to interpret the period of service, additional interpretation was attempted through univariate local regression. CART, GUIDE, and CTREE formed different tree models which allow for various interpretations.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.37 no.5_1
• /
• pp.1149-1161
• /
• 2021

With a trend of the utilization of computer vision for satellite images, cloud detection using deep learning also attracts attention recently. In this study, we conducted a U-Net cloud detection modeling using SPARCS (Spatial Procedures for Automated Removal of Cloud and Shadow) Cloud Dataset with the image data augmentation and carried out 10-fold cross-validation for an objective assessment of the model. Asthe result of the blind test for 1800 datasets with 512 by 512 pixels, relatively high performance with the accuracy of 0.821, the precision of 0.847, the recall of 0.821, the F1-score of 0.831, and the IoU (Intersection over Union) of 0.723. Although 14.5% of actual cloud shadows were misclassified as land, and 19.7% of actual clouds were misidentified as land, this can be overcome by increasing the quality and quantity of label datasets. Moreover, a state-of-the-art DeepLab V3+ model and the NAS (Neural Architecture Search) optimization technique can help the cloud detection for CAS500 (Compact Advanced Satellite 500) in South Korea.