• Title/Summary/Keyword: AQS

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The Preparation of Poly(N-methylpyrrole) Bilayers with Entrapped Anthraquinone-2-sulfonate

  • 표명호;김현수
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.18 no.11
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    • pp.1195-1199
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    • 1997
  • Anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS) release from poly(N-methylpyrrole anthraquinone-2-sulfonate) (PNMP-AQS) was investigated at open circuit and compared with electrochemically stimulated release during potential cycling. It was found that the fast AQS release from PNMP-AQS single layers is substantially retarded and the amounts of spontaneously and electrochemically releasable AQS can be reduced by constructing bilayers, consisting of PNMP-AQS inner layers and PNMP outer layers. PNMP-Cl outer layers exhibited higher effectiveness for entrapping AQS within inner layers than PNMP/poly(styrene slfonate). The effects of outer layer thicknesses on AQS release were also examined with PNMP-AQS:PMP-Cl. The electroactivity enhancement of PNMP-AQS:PNMP-Cl bilayers due to entrapped AQS was confirmed by chronocoulometry.

Development of Smart AQS for Commercial Vehicle for Satisfying Agreeable Environment (쾌적 환경을 위한 상용차용 스마트 AQS 개발)

  • Kim, Man-Ho;Lee, Dong-Hyun;Lee, Suk;Lee, Kyung-Chang
    • Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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    • v.14 no.5
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    • pp.496-501
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    • 2008
  • Recently, many automotive companies tend to apply an air quality system (AQS), which prevents polluted air such as smoke or dust by controlling air intake actuator of vehicle, to satisfy the consumer's need for agreeable in-vehicle environment. However, performance of the traditional AQS is not satisfactory because a polluted air may enter into the inside of vehicle through the breaks of windows. Especially, the commercial vehicles such as bus or truck need to be prevented polluted air from the breaks of vehicle. Hence, as an alternative to the traditional AQS, this paper presents the architecture of smart AQS for commercial vehicle and implementation of the smart AQS. Also, the performance of the suggested system is evaluated through an experimental testbed.

Evaluation of Air Quality Inside Passenger Car with Operating Air Quality System (공기질 조절장치 작동 승용차 내부의 공기질 평가)

  • 조완근;박건호
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.7 no.5
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    • pp.573-580
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    • 1998
  • This study examined the carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) pollution inside vehicles under low ventilation condition and evaluated the Air Quality System (AQS) for in-vehicle air quality using two techniques. The low ventilation condition is not recommended in order to keep oxygen-rich condition inside vehicles. Under the low ventilation condition, the in-vehicle $CO_2$ concentrations exceeded 1,000 ppm, the air qualify guidelines in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan, indicating more oxygen deficiency inside vehicles. On the contrary, with the AQS-on condition, the in-vehicle $CO_2$ concentrations were less than 1,000 ppm fer most of the driving time, indicating that the AQS could solve the problem of $CO_2$ accumulation inside vehicles under the low ventilation condition. The AQS test conducted by comparing carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations inside two vehicles indicated that the AQS effectively decreased the in-vehicle concentrations by 21 to 36%, as compared to medium ventilation condition with the windows closed, the vent opened, and air conditioning on. In addition, The AQS test conducted by comparing the interior and exterior concentrations indicated that the AQS effectively decreased the in-vehicle concentrations by 18 to 31%, as compared to medium ventilation condition.

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Intelligent AQS System with Artificial Neural Network Algorithm and ATmega128 Chip in Automobile (신경회로망 알고리즘과 ATmega128칩을 활용한 자동차용 지능형 AQS 시스템)

  • Chung Wan-Young;Lee Seung-Chul
    • Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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    • v.12 no.6
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    • pp.539-546
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    • 2006
  • The Air Quality Sensor(AQS), located near the fresh air inlet, serves to reduce the amount of pollution entering the vehicle cabin through the HVAC(heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) system by sending a signal to close the fresh air inlet door/ventilation flap when the vehicle enters a high pollution area. The sensor module which includes two independent sensing elements for responding to diesel and gasoline exhaust gases, and temperature sensor and humidity sensor was designed for intelligent AQS in automobile. With this sensor module, AVR microcontroller was designed with back propagation neural network to a powerful gas/vapor pattern recognition when the motor vehicles pass a pollution area. Momentum back propagation algorithm was used in this study instead of normal backpropagation to reduce the teaming time of neural network. The signal from neural network was modified to control the inlet of automobile and display the result or alarm the situation in this study. One chip microcontroller, ATmega 128L(ATmega Ltd., USA) was used for the control and display. And our developed system can intelligently reduce the malfunction of AQS from the dampness of air or dense fog with the backpropagation neural network and the input sensor module with four sensing elements such as reducing gas sensing element, oxidizing gas sensing element, temperature sensing element and humidity sensing element.

Reliability Assessment Criteria of Air Quality System (자동차용 유해가스 검출기의 신뢰성 평가기준)

  • Choi, Man-Yeop;Park, Dong-Kyu;Oh, Geun-Tae;Jeong, Hai-Sung
    • Journal of Applied Reliability
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.279-297
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    • 2010
  • AQS(Air Quality Control System) is the important part of a car air conditioning system. This device intercepts automatically the influx of harmful waste gas. In this paper reliability assessment criteria for AQS are established in terms of quality certification test and lifetime test. The former quality certification test comprises general performance test and environmental test. Items which pass the test undergo lifetime test which guarantees the extent of mean lifetime with certain confidence.

THE MEASUREMENT OF ATTACHMENT (애착의 평가)

  • Lee, Kyung-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.28-39
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    • 2004
  • The author reviewed various psychological measures of attachment types and variation on developmental stage approaches. Also, the point of reliabilities and validities of the measures were reviewed. SSP and AQS introduced first in infancy. Cassidy-Marvin's attachment type system, Crittenden's PAA, Main & Cassidy's attachment system, Doll play techniques and Family drawing analyses of attachment types introduced secondly for preschooler. IPPA for parent and peer attachment introduced for Childhood/Adolescence. Finally, AAI and ASQ for romantic attachment explained for adulthood.

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Inhibition of Quorum Sensing Regulated Virulence Factors and Biofilm Formation by Eucalyptus globulus against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • Sagar, Pankaj Kumar;Sharma, Poonam;Singh, Rambir
    • Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.37-45
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    • 2022
  • Objectives: The quorum-sensing-inhibitory and anti-biofilm activities of the methanol extract of E. globulus leaves were determined against clinically isolated multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: The preliminary anti-quorum-sensing (AQS) activity of eucalyptus was investigated against a biosensor strain Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 (CV12472) by using the agar well diffusion method. The effect of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of the methanol extract of eucalyptus on different quorum-sensing-regulated virulence factors, such as swarming motility, pyocyanin pigment, exopolysaccharide (EPS), and biofilm formation, against clinical isolates (CIs 2, 3, and 4) and reference PA01 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were determined using the swarm diameter (mm)-measurement method, chloroform extraction method, phenol (5%)-sulphuric acid (concentrated) method, and the microtiter plate assay respectively, and the inhibition (%) in formation were calculated. Results: The preliminary AQS activity (violacein pigment inhibition) of eucalyptus was confirmed against Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 (CV12472). The eucalyptus extract also showed concentration-dependent inhibition (%) of swarming motility, pyocyanin pigment, EPS, and biofilm formation in different CIs and PA01 of P. aeruginosa. Conclusion: Our results revealed the effectiveness of the E. globulus extract for the regulation of quorum-sensing-dependent virulence factors and biofilm formation at a reduced dose (sub-MICs) and suggest that E. globulus may be a therapeutic agent for curing and controlling bacterial infection and thereby reducing the possibility of resistance development in pathogenic strains.

Intelligent Air Quality Sensor System with Back Propagation Neural Network in Automobile

  • Lee, Seung-Chul;Chung, Wan-Young
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2005.06a
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    • pp.468-471
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    • 2005
  • The Air Quality Sensor(AQS), located near the fresh air inlet, serves to reduce the amount of pollution entering the vehicle cabin through the HVAC(heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) system by sending a signal to close the fresh air inlet door/ventilation flap when the vehicle enters a high pollution area. One chip sensor module which include above two sensing elements, humidity sensor and bad odor sensor was developed for AQS (air quality sensor) in automobile. With this sensor module, PIC microcontroller was designed with back propagation neural network to reduce detecting error when the motor vehicles pass through the dense fog area. The signal from neural network was modified to control the inlet of automobile and display the result or alarm the situation. One chip microcontroller, Atmega128L (ATmega Ltd., USA) was used. For the control and display. And our developed system can intelligently detect the bad odor when the motor vehicles pass through the polluted air zone such as cattle farm.

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The relationship between Mother′s Warmth, Control and Toddler′s Attachment Security (어머니의 온정 및 통제와 유아의 애착 안정성간의 관계)

  • 이진숙
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.41-50
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mother's warmth, control and toddler's attachment security. Subjects were 83 three-year old children and their mothers in Jeonju city. The intruments of this study were the Parenting Style Scale(Cho et at.,1999) and Attachment Q-set(AQS; Waters,1987). Mothers rated the questionnaire and observed a child through AQS at home. The results showed that the mean of the child attachment security was .39 and the range of attachment score was from -0.07 to 0.79. The scores of mothers' warmth and control were above the mean. The child's attachment security was predicted by mother's warmth. Mother's warmth appeared to be meaningful for child to develop the secure attachment. The result of this study suggested that authoritative parenting characterized with warmth and control was significantly associated with the child's attachment security.

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Humic Substances Act as Electron Acceptor and Redox Mediator for Microbial Dissimilatory Azoreduction by Shewanella decolorationis S12

  • Hong, Yi-Guo;Guo, Jun;Xu, Zhi-Cheng;Xu, Mei-Ying;Sun, Guo-Ping
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.428-437
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    • 2007
  • The potential for humic substances to serve as terminal electron acceptors in microbial respiration and the effects of humic substances on microbial azoreduction were investigated. The dissimilatory azoreducing microorganism Shewanella decolorationis S12 was able to conserve energy to support growth from electron transport to humics coupled to the oxidation of various organic substances or $H_2$. Batch experiments suggested that when the concentration of anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS), a humics analog, was lower than 3 mmol/l, azoreduction of strain S12 was accelerated under anaerobic condition. However, there was obvious inhibition to azoreduction when the concentration of the AQS was higher than 5 mmol/l. Another humics analog, anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQDS), could still prominently accelerate azoreduction, even when the concentration was up to 12 mmol/l, but the rate of acceleration gradually decreased with the increasing concentration of the AQDS. Toxic experiments revealed that AQS can inhibit growth of strain S12 if the concentration past a critical one, but AQDS had no effect on the metabolism and growth of strain S12 although the concentration was up to 20 mmol/l. These results demonstrated that a low concentration of humic substances not only could serve as the terminal electron acceptors for conserving energy for growth, but also act as redox mediator shuttling electrons for the anaerobic azoreduction by S. decolorationis S12. However, a high concentration of humic substances could inhibit the bacterial azoreduction, resulting on the one hand from the toxic effect on cell metabolism and growth, and on the other hand from competion with azo dyes for electrons as electron acceptor.