• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2002.12a
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• pp.64-65
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• 2002

Recently the synthetic antiferromagnetic layer (SAF) has received much attention because it replaces the pinned layer of the conventional spin valve (CSV) sensors and its overall performance [1], The spin valve (SV) with SAF has the from buffer/F/Cu/APl/Ru/AP2/AF, where F is the soft ferromagnetic layer (typically NiFe with CoFe interfacial doping), AP1 and AP2 are two ferromagnetic layers (typically CoFe alloys) antiferromagnetically coupled through a thin Ru layer. (omitted)

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1998

Volatile flavor compounds in hydrolyzed blue mussel(HBM) produced by OptimaseTM APL-440, with untreated blue mussel(UBM) were compared. A total of 100 volatile compounds were detected in both HBM and YBM , consisting mainly of 25 aldehydes, 16 ketones, 17 alcohols, 8 nitrogen-containing compounds, 11 aromatic compounds, 8 terpenes, and 15 miscellaneous compounds. Levels of aromiatic compounds decreased after hydrolysis, whereas levels of 7 nitrogen-containing compounds increased. The compounds , 3-methylbutanal, (z)-4-heptenal, and (E,Z)-2-, 6-nonadienal , had the highest odor values in both samples. Total free amino acids in HBM were 21.89%(w/w) and increased by 3,4 times higher than UBM. glutamic acid and aspartic acid, having sour tastes, were the major taste-active compounds in HBM.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 1998

The hydrolysis conditions of blue mussel were evaluated by response surface methodology(RSM) for the alkaline protease Optimise TM APL-440 . Conditions favoring the highest degree of hydrolysis in blue mussel were pH 9,8, 58$^{\circ}C$ reaction temperature, 2,9 hrs reaction time, 46.8%(w/v) substrate concentration, and 0.34%(v/w) enzym $e_strate ratio. Levels of n-3 fatty acids, e.g.C18 : 3, C18 : 4, and C20 : 5, did not change after hydrolysis in blue mussel sample.le.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.08a
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• pp.521-524
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• 2008

기존 지능망 서비스들이 포화 상태에 이르게 됨에 따라 수익이 나는 새로운 서비스를 개발하는 것이 점점 더 어려워지고 있다. 요즈음 전통적인 전화망과 인터넷의 결합이 새로운 경향으로 나타나고 있다. PC와 같은 인터넷 단말은 전화망의 전통적인 단말보다 저장 장치 및 유저 인터페이스 면에서 더욱 더 강력한 능력을 가지고 있다. IT 개발자들은 전화 분야의 전문 지식을 갖고 있지 않아도 Parlay API를 사용하면 새로운 통신 서비스를 쉽게 만들수 있다. HTTP 상의 SOAP을 사용하여 쉽게 두 컴퓨터 노드간의 통신이 가능하게 할 수 있더라도 일반적인 개발자는 현란한 XML 포맷 때문에 SOAP 메시지를 처리하는데 어려움을 느낀다. REST 기반 API는 이러한 것의 좋은 대체재가 될 수 있는데, 추가적인 프로토콜 층이 없이 HTTP 층만 있기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 통화 및 메시징 서비스를 만들기 위한 REST 기반의 Open APl 를 소개한다. 제안되는 API는 클릭투콜, 미니 컨퍼런스, 통화 녹음, 주문형 오디오 재생, 단문 메시징 및 음성 메시징 기능을 제공한다. 제안되는 API 특징은 전화망과 인터넷의 컨버전스의 강력함을 보여준다.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.94-112
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• 1990

The basic mathematical tools are developed to determine the optimum emplacement of limited numbers of scatterable mines on the infantry battlefield. A deterministic model is developed for heterogeneous infantry battalion level battle using APL version 7.0. The Helmbold-type combat equation is applied to claculate comparative casulties, and range dependency is also considered to establish the correlation between attrition rate coefficients and the distance of opposing forces, Based on this deterministic model the effective range for employment of scatterable mines is determined. Because mines are primarily effective when employed in conjunction with direct fire weapons, it is inferred that minefield are best employed when used within the maximum effective range of infantry weapons systems such as the M16Al rifle. The model developed verifies this fact.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.93-109
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• 1972

Three lots of Chung-Kook-Jang were prepared by the use of 2 strains of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus natto. For four samples taken from each lot in 12 hrs interval changes of nitrogenous compounds, insoluble protein, water soluble protein, peptides, free amino acids, amino and ammonia nitrogens during Chung-Kook-Jang fermentation, were studied together with the changes of moisture, pH, proteolytic enzyme activity. In addition the average peptide length of the peptides of a Bacillus subtilis lot was determined by the method of molecular sieving using ion exchange resin. The results were as follows: 1. The contents of moisture and total-nitrogen changed little in all samples throughout the fermentation as it would be expected. 2. In all three experimental lots the pH became higher gradually from the initial value of 6.65 to the final $7.5{\sim}7.85$ during the fermentation. Proteolytic enzyme activities, in accordance with this pH change, steadily increased up to $48{\sim}60$ hrs. of fermentation and then slightly decreased, probably affected by the high pH. The most strong proteolytic activity was observed in the experimental Chung-Kook-Jang fermentation lot using the Bacillus subtilis K-27 isolated by the author. 3. The contents of insoluble protein nitrogen in soybeans increased markedly (5%) by the cooking, after steeping 12 hrs in water. During the Chung-Kook-Jang fermentation, however, it decreased from 1/2 to 1/10 of that of the cooked soybeans. 4. The contents of water soluble protein nitrogen (5%) whereas, greatly decreased to the value of 1.0% by the cooking; but little changed further during the fermentation, 5. The total contents (0.25%) of peptides, amino, and ammonia-nitrogens, PAA-N., increased almost double by the cooking and steadily became higher as the fermentation proceeded, reaching finally up to$4{\sim}7%$ in 72 hrs fermentation. 6. The amounts of free amino acids of soybean generally decreased during the processing of cooking, even some of them like glutamic acid were destroyed completely, However in the subsequent Chung-Kook-Jang fermentation for 72 hrs., they showed from several to a few hundreds folds increases depending upon the kinds of amino acids. Valine which was contained in HCl-hydrolyzed steeped or cooked soybeans in amounts $220{\sim}267mg%$ was not detected at all as the free amino acid in all fermented samples. 7. Average peptide length (APL) of all fractions, eluted and fractionated by using the Dowex-50 ion exchange resin column, and fraction collector showed the highest value for the cooked soybean and then decreased as the fermentation proceeded. The APL value of effluent showed the highest in 12 hrs fermented sample, The value decreased thereafter by fermentation.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.213-234
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• 2011

The literature on efficiency of the maritime and shipping industry has typically focused on container ports and terminals. The study presented in this paper uses data envelopment analysis to evaluate ocean carriers based on financial and operational data from 2004 to 2007. A comparison is made up of the efficiency of global ocean carriers in efficiency of financial and operational performance respectively. A positive correlation is shown between the input and output data. In the static-efficiency analysis, we describe CCR, BCC and scale efficiency of Global Ocean Carriers in 2007. And we also provide about the stability and trend of their efficiency for four years (2004-2007) in the dynamic-efficiency analysis. The empirical results validate the necessity of restoring freight rates to facilitate the efficiency of the global ocean carriers supported by adjust of the supply of containership space. The study provides a basis for estimating the competitiveness of international shipping companies, for benchmarking best practice and for identifying the specific factors and causes of inefficiency.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.171-180
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• 2006

Peroxisome proliferatorr-activated receptor-gamma $(PPAR{\gamma})$ must form a heterodimer with the retinoid-X receptor (RXR) to bind DNA, and its transcriptional activity is thought to be maximized by ligands specific for either receptor. Activated $(PPAR{\gamma})$ and $(PPAR{\gamma})$ ligands may influence tumor growth through regulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN. Our aim in this study was to determine whether co-stimulation with the $(PPAR{\gamma})$ ligand, ciglitazone, and RXR ligand can synergistically upregulate PTEN in human acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells and consequently potentate the inhibition of cell growth and cell cycle progression of these cells. Human leukemia cell line, HL-60 cells were exposed to all-trans-retinol and ciglutazone. The PTEN expression was measured as the level of PTEN mRNA expression by RT-PCR and as the level of PTEN expression by western blot analysis. Cell cycle analysis was carried out by a propidium iodide (PI) staining method and analyzed with a FACScan. The $(PPAR{\gamma})$ ligand, ciglitazone, and the RXR ligand, retinoic acid, upregulated PTEN expression by HL-60 cells in time- and dose-dependent manners, respectively. This was significantly enhanced by a combination of both ciglitazone and retinoic acid. Moreover, these compounds synergistically induced arrests of both cell growth and the $G_l$ phase of the cell cycle. Thus, the activation of the $(PPAR{\gamma})$:RXR heterodimer may represent a regulatory pathway for human leukemia cells and there may be important roles for $(PPAR{\gamma})$ and RXR ligands in prophylactic and therapeutic approaches fur controlling leukemia through the upregulation of PTEN.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.759-766
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• 2006

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a myeloid leukemia caused by over-expression of fusion protein, PML/RAR$({\alpha})$, which was the result of chromosomal translocation and induces the blockage of differentiation of affected promyelocytes. Pharmacological dose of retinoic acid induces the activation of and subsequent degradation of PML/RAR$({\alpha})$ fusion protein, and then APL cells undergo through the normal differentiation pathway. Arsenic trioxide has proved effective in causing remission of acute promyelocytic leukemia by inducing apoptosis of this tumor cells, whereas the heterogeneity of cellular susceptibility to this cytotoxic agent limited its usage on more types of tumors in clinic. This work showed that arsenic trioxide could induce apoptosis of a panel of acute promyelocytic leukemic cell lines, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) sensitive NB4 cells and ATRA resistant UF-1 cell. They were investigated with regard to the correlation between the inherent or intrinsic cellular level of GSH and the apoptotic susceptibility of the cells to arsenic trioxide. We manifested, in two cell types, the inherently existed difference in intracellular GSH level reactive to the arsenic trioxide, and a positive correlation between the GSH level and their apoptotic sensitivity to arsenic trioxide. And it showed that arsenic trioxide could differentiate promyelocytic cancer cells to the cells possessed of dendritic cell surface markers. Unravelling the cause of the different susceptibility between leukemic cells and proving that promyelocyte could be differentiated to dendritic cells by arsenic trioxide will help not only to understand the mechanism underlying the complete remission of acute promyelocytic leukemia induced by arsenic trioxide, but also to expand its clinical usage.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.104-115
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• 2013

In a shallow water waveguide, reverberation signals and their Doppler effects form the primary limitation on sonar system performance. Therefore, in the reverberation-limited environment, it is necessary to estimate the reverberation level to be encountered under the conditions in which the sonar system is operated. In this paper, high-frequency reverberation model capable of simulating the reverberation signals received by a high-speed moving source in a range independent waveguide is suggested. In this model, eigenray information from the source to each boundary is calculated using the ray-based approach and the optimizing method for the launch angles. And the source receiving position changed by the moving source is found by a scattering path-finding algorithm, which considers the speed and direction of source and sound speed to find the path of source movement. The scattering effects from sea surface and bottom boundaries are considered by APL-UW scattering models. The model suggested in this paper is verified by a comparison to the measurements made in August 2010. Lastly, this model reflects well statistical properties of the reverberation signals.