• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.11B no.7 s.96
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• pp.759-768
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• 2004

Recently the biometric recognition technology is intensively studied and the standardization of the technology has been highly demanded for its commercialization. Currently many blometric recognition products are being developed based on the BioAPl(Biometric Application Program-ming Interface) specification. However, the reliable testing tools (or scenarios) to evaluate performance and conformance of the products are not shown yet. In this paper, a conformance testing method is presented, which verifies a biometric recognition system to meet the requirements of the BioAPl standard. Two different testing procedures are used in the proposed method. The first procedure evaluates that each functions offered in the BioAPl specification are correctly implemented and that the functions are actually used in the system. Through the Procedure, a BSP(Biometric Service Provider) system is executed on the framework of the BioAPl functions. It requires selection of parameters and prece-dent functions that should be executed first. The second procedure evaluates the abilities of module management, handling operations and ver-ification process by the analysis of the test cases. It tests the correctness of the system operation when a testing scenario is given. The proposed testing method is applied on a fingerprint verification BSP using the sample BSP provided by the BioAPl consortium. The experimental results shows the benefits of the proposed testing method.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.51-64
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• 2009

Objective : This research was aimed to investigate the anti-tumor effect, safety, mechanism and metabolizing enzyme of Agrimonia pilosa LEDEB(APL) in female C57B/L mouse. Methods : At first, to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of APL, we divided into four groups, normal, control, APL100(100mg/kg), APL150(150mg/kg). LLC obtained American Type Culture Collection was used. LLC had been inoculated to induce tumor. To measure the anti-tumor effect of APL, we calibrate tumor size and weight. To study for mechanism of anti-tumor in APL, we used western blotting and to know metabolizing enzyme in APL we used to real-time PCR. Results : APL100, APL150 inhibited tumor growth after medicine injected. APL did not only induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in LLC-bearing mouse tumor. In APL100, it were decreased 72% in CYP3A11. In APL150, it were decreased 62%, 75% in CYP3A11 and MRP1a respectively. Conclusion : These results suggests that APL has some anti-tumor effects in female C57B/L mouse tumor. APL should be careful use with other drugs related with CYP3A11 or MRP1a.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.129-141
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• 2009

Objective: This study was to investigate the anti-tumor effect, safety, safety, mechanism and metabolizing enzyme of Agrimonia pilosa LEDEB (APL) in female C57B/L mouse tumor (in vivo). Method: First, to evaluate the antitumor activity of APL, we divided the mice into four groups: normal, control, APL50 (50mg/kg), and APL100 (100mg/kg). LLC-obtained American Type Culture Collection was used. LLC had been inoculated to induce tumors. To measure the anti-tumor effect of APL, we calibrated tumor size and weight. To analyze the mechanism of anti-tumor in APL, we used western blotting and to observe metabolizing enzyme in APL we used to real-time PCR. Result: APL50 and APL100 significantly inhibited tumor growth from 12 days after medicine injected. APL did not induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in LLC-bearing mouse tumor. In APL100, it decreased 41% and 71% in CYP2D22 and CYP3A11, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that APL has some anti-tumor effects in female C57B/L mouse tumor. APL should be used carefully with other drugs related with CYP2D22 and CYP3A11.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.95-105
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• 2011

Since the successful introduction of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and its combination with anthracycline-containing chemotherapy, the prognosis for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has markedly improved. With ATRA and anthracycline-based-chemotherapy, the complete remission rate is greater than 90%, and the long-term survival rate is 70-89%. Moreover, arsenic trioxide (ATO), which was introduced for APL treatment in 1994, resulted in excellent remission rates in relapsed patients with APL, and more recently, several clinical studies have been designed to explore its role in initial therapy either alone or in combination with ATRA. APL is a rare disease in children and is frequently associated with hyperleukocytosis, which is a marker for higher risk of relapse and an increased incidence of microgranular morphology. The frequency of occurrence of the promyelocytic leu-kemia/retinoic acid receptor-alpha (PML/$RAR{\alpha}$) isoforms bcr 2 and bcr 3 is higher in children than in adults. Although recent clinical studies have reported comparable long-term survival rates in patients with APL, therapy for APL in children is challenging because of the risk of early death and the potential long-term cardiac toxicity resulting from the need to use high doses of anthracyclines. Additional prospective, randomized, large clinical trials are needed to address several issues in pediatric APL and to possibly minimize or eliminate the need for chemotherapy by combining ATRA and ATO. In this review article, we discuss the molecular pathogenesis, diagnostic progress, and most recent therapeutic advances in the treatment of children with APL.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2021

Recently, many studies have considered the effect of atmospheric pressure loading (APL) on precise global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data processing. The APL deforms the Earth's crust. It can often exceed 10 mm in radial displacement. In this study, we analyze the APL effect on Multi-GNSS kinematic precise point positioning (PPP). In addition, observations received at two GNSS reference stations (DAEJ and SUWN) in South Korea were processed. The absolute position changes for the two stations were compared to before and after applying the APL effects from January 1 to February 29, 2020. The crust of South Korea was most affected by the APL in the up direction. With the APL model, the difference in daily position changes was mostly within 4 mm in the radial direction. On the other hand, the horizontal components (east-west and north-south) were relatively less affected than the radial component.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.323-330
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• 1997

Changes in antioxidative substance levels in eleven different cultivars of persimmon leaves during growth were investigated. In general, the contents of soluble phenols, L-ascorbic acid and flavonoids in astringent persimmon leaves(APL) were higher than those of nonastringent persimmon leaves(NAPL). The soluble phenol contents in APL and NAPL showed a tendency to decrease throughout leaf growth. L-ascorbic acid content in APL decreased rapidly during growth, whereas its content in NAPL reached its highest value at the late of July, and then decreased rapidly. Major flavonoids in APL and NAPL were quercetin and Kaempferol which were present in conjugate forms. Before acid hydrolysis, the contents of kaempferol and quercetin in APL and NAPL remained at a relatively constant level until the late of July, and then decreased slightly. After acid hydrolysis, kaempferol contents in APL and NAPL varied significantly by cultivar and growth stage, while quercetin contents decreased slowly until the late of July, and then increased drastically, reached a maximum at the early of August, afterward continuously decreased. These results suggest that APL harvested at the early of June may be useful as potential sources of natural antioxidants.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.421-432
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• 1997

A new lectin was partially purified from starfish,Asterina pectinifera by means of physiological saline extraction, salt fractionation, ion exchange chromatography and hy droxyapatite chromatography, and it was named APL. The biochemical properties of the APL were characterized. In addition, its effects on lymphocyte mitogenicity and cancer cell agglutinability were tested. The APL agglutinated nonspecifically human erythrocytes and rabbit blood cells. Agglutinability was decreased to 30% of control activity below pH 5 and above pH 9 and was relatively unstable at increasing temperatures above 60$^{\circ}C$. The activity was reduced by addition of two kinds of metal ions, $Ba^{2+},\;Mn^{2+}$ and chelating agent, EDTA. APL was proved to be glycoproteins containing 9% sugars. For carbohydrate specificity, it was found that the activity of APL was inhibited by D(+)-glucosamine, D(+)-galactosamine, stachyose, N-acetyl-galactosamine and methyl-${\alpha}$-D-galactopyranoside among 35 sugars tested. In amino acid composition, the contents of acidic amino acids such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid were relatively high. This result suggest that the isoelectric point would be in a lower range. APL was found that it promotes the division of human lymphocytes. APL was proved to be a potent agglutinin for cancer cells such as HeLa, L929 and L1210 cells. Significant changes on the HeLa cell surfaces affected by APL were observed under the electron microscope.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.948-953
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• 2009

Apple and apricot powders (APL-P and APR-P) were produced from apple and apricot fruits and they were used in cookie formulation at the levels of 10-40% (in flour bases). The APL-P and APR-P were rich in terms of total dietary fiber (TDF) and antioxidant power. The APR-P supplemented cookies had higher spread ratio and lower hardness values than the APL-P supplemented ones at all addition levels. The color values of the APR-P supplemented cookies were all acceptable. Overall sensory scores of the cookies supplemented with APL-P and APR-P were not significantly different from the control up to 20% addition. TDF contents of the supplemented cookies increased significantly with increasing addition level (p<0.01). The replacement of flour by APL-P and APR-P in wire-cut cookies showed that the physical characteristics and textural properties of the cookies were significantly affected (p<0.01) and APR-P appeared to be a more suitable replacer of flour than APL-P. Addition of both fruit powders upto 20% into the cookie formulation were evaluated as acceptable in terms of the sensory properties.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.388-394
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• 1998

The lectin from starfish, Asterina pectinifera, was purified and tested for its potential antitumor activity. It was shown to possess considerable toxicity toward various tumor cell lines. Concentration of Asterina pectinifera lectin (APL) at 4mg/$5{\times}10^5$ cells resulted in 28% death of Ehrlich ascites tumor cell, 40% of L929, 60% of A549, and 52% of HeLa cells after 48 hours incubation. Toxicity of APL to L929, Ehrlich ascites, A549, and HeLa cells revealed a reduction in cell viability of approximately 70% at APL concentration of 8mg/$5{\times}10^5$ cells after 48 hours incubation. Administration of APL ($100{\mu}g/day$ or $300{\mu}g/day$) inhibited the growth of Ehrlich ascites cells in vivo. Mice given only Ehrlich cells survived an average of $15{\pm}1$ (S.E.) days. Mice given Ehrlich cells and $100{\mu}g\;or\;300{\mu}g$ APL had 58% and 67% survival, respectively, after 20 days. These results suggest that APL has antitumor activity.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.399-409
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this study was to experiment the antitumor activity of Agrimonia pilosa Ledebour (APL) in human stomach cancer (AGS) cell lines (in vitro) and male C57BL/6J mouse (in vivo). Methods : The effects of the ethanol extract from the plant on several transplantable rodent tumors were investigated in vitro by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxy phenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) assay. DNA content analysis and Western blot analysis. Agrimonia pilosa Ledebour (APL) was given to rats with Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cells. The experimental rats were divided into 3 groups in vivo. Saline was injected into the abdominal cavity in the first group, 50 mg/kg APL was injected into the abdominal cavity in the second group and 100 mg/kg was injected into the abdominal cavity in the third group. After that, we checked their tumor volume periodically. Results : At first, human gastric cancer (AGS) cell lines (in vitro) showed decreased cell viability, and increased $sub-G_1$ contents. When we experimented rat intestinal epithelial (RIE)l as same condition, this result didn't show. With this, compared to normal cells, Agrimonia pilosa Ledebour (APL) led selectively to the extinction of cells only in human gastric cancer. Moreover, we showed that the traditional herbal medicine APL induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in AGS cells. Next, APL inhibited the growth of LLC-bearing mouse tumor. However, we could not verify APL induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in LLC-bearing mouse tumor. Conclusions : The roots of Agrimonia pilosa Ledebour (APL) contain some antitumor constituents.