• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.359-368
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• 2013

Mashup is a web application that combines several different sources to create new services using Open APIs(Application Program Interfaces). Although the mashup has become very popular over the last few years, there are several challenging issues when combining a large number of APIs into the mashup, especially when composite APIs are manually integrated by mashup developers. This paper proposes a novel algorithm for automatic Open API composition. The proposed algorithm consists of constructing an operation connecting graph and searching composition candidates. We construct an operation connecting graph which is based on the semantic similarity between the inputs and the outputs of Open APIs. We generate directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) that can produce the output satisfying the desired goal. In order to produce the DAGs efficiently, we rapidly filter out APIs that are not useful for the composition. The algorithm is evaluated using a collection of REST and SOAP APIs extracted from ProgrammableWeb.com.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.126-126
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• 2005

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1551-1559
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• 2004

Java, a platform independent object-oriented programming language, is widely used, however it should be integrated with JNI to use system services or to reuse legacy systems. Though JNI provides the standard APIs which allow Java to be combined with C/$C^{++}$, it is very hard and cumbersome for developers to use JNI APIs. In order to address this problem, we introduce a translator named C2JNI, which converts the embedded C program into a JNI compatible C program. With C2JNI, developers can Integrate Java and C programs without JNI APIs, and it will reduce the complexity caused by JNI APIs.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.241-246
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• 2020

Hadoop is a framework to process large data sets in a distributed way across clusters of nodes. It has been a popular platform to process big data, but in recent years, other platforms became competitive ones depending on the characteristics of the application. Spark is one of distributed platforms to enable real-time data processing and improve overall processing performance over Hadoop by introducing in-memory processing instead of disk I/O. Whereas Hadoop is designed to work on Java and data analysis is processed using Java API, Spark provides a variety of APIs with Scala, Python, Java and R. In this paper, the goal is to find out whether the APIs of different programming languages af ect the performances in Spark. We chose two popular APIs: Python and Scala. Python is easy to learn and is used in AI domain in a wide range. Scala is a programming language with advantages of parallelism. Our experiment shows much faster processing with Scala API than Python API. For the performance issues on AI-based analysis, further study is needed.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2019

Bee's population is declining and disappearing at alarming rate. There are many factors responsible for declining the population of bees including diseases, natural enemies, environmental conditions and pesticides. Insecticides play its role dramatically for their population decline and neonicotinoid insecticides are critically important due to their wide application for pest control. Keeping in view of above problem, effect of neonicotinoid insecticides on olfactory learning behavior in Apis mellifera was observed using Proboscis Extension Reflex (PER) method. In this method, bees were harnessed in centrifuges tubes and feed on insecticides mixed sugar solution after three hours hunger. Bees were checked by feeding on non-treated sugar solution to observe PER response. Minimum proboscis extension was observed for acetamiprid and imidacloprid with 26% and 20% respectively at their recommend field doses while it was maximum for dinotefuran and thiamethoxam with 73% and 60% respectively. Only 40% bees showed response when exposed at 1/10 concentration of field dose for imidacloprid and the least at 1/100 of field dose. At control (Sugar solution) about 90% bees showed PER response. Among these neonicotinoid insecticides tested, imidacloprid and acetamiprid were the most damaging which impaired the olfactory learning performance in Apis mellifera.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.259-261
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• 2022

Recently, malicious code is not a single technique, but several techniques are combined and merged, and only important parts are extracted. As new malicious codes are created and transformed, attack patterns are gradually diversified and attack targets are also diversifying. In particular, the number of damage cases caused by malicious actions in corporate security is increasing over time. However, even if attackers combine several malicious codes, the APIs for each type of malicious code are repeatedly used and there is a high possibility that the patterns and names of the APIs are similar. For this reason, this paper proposes a classification technique that finds patterns of APIs frequently used in malicious code, calculates the meaning and similarity of APIs, and determines the level of risk.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.279-285
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• 1975

The experiments were conducted to isolate the etiogical agent and to survey the distribution of Nosema disease in honey bees. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The etiological agent of the so-called "crawling disease" in honey bees characterized by the symptoms of crawling, diarrhea, and enteritis etc. was first isolated and identified with Nosema apis (Zander 1909) in Korea. 2. 455 colonies were randomely sampled and surveyed in 4,766 bee colonies out of 56 apiaries and 51 colonies (11.2%) out of 455 bee colonies were infected with N, apis. 3. Infection rates according to the period of honeyflow as follows: Brassica napus (Apr.): 25/130 colonies (18.4%) Rohinia pseudoacacia (May) : 8/55 colonies (14.%) Trifolium repels(Jun.): 15/99 colonies (13.6%) Castanea crenate (Jul.): 3/46 colonies (6.5%) Lespedeza bicolor(Aug.): 0/60 colonies (-) Fagopyrumesculentum(Sept.) & Perilla frutescens(Oct.) 0/65 colonies (-) 4. The typical clinical signs of Nosema disease were appeared on loth day after N. apis was orally administered with the level of $16{\times}10^4$ spores/ml to the healthy adult bees. Spores could be harvested with the level of $121{\sim}236{\times}10^4$ spores/ml on 10th day and $392{\sim}429{\times}10^4$ spores/ml on 15 days after infection. 5. In adult honey bees infected with N. apis artificially the 50% lethal day of life-span was 9 to 10 days and 100% lethal day was 16 to 19 days. However, in the control 50% lethal day was 19 to 23 days and 100% lethal day was 31 to 33 days.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.85-96
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• 2020

The honeybee serves for most entomophilous flowers. They are a core species for maintaining the ecological system. Though the urban ecological system needs bees' mediation of pollination as well, we have little understanding on how the honeybee reacts to the physical environments of an urban city. This study is a basic research to enhance the potential environment for pollination in an urban area and aims to review the urban environmental variables which are highly linked to the pollination mediations by the honeybee. The study composed a Maxent model by adopting nine urban environmental variables and the locations of the Apis mellifera's appearances around 52 spots in Seoul. The variables reflect the ecology of the Apis mellifera. Of the urban environmental variables used for the model composition, six variables were found as not having meaningful correlations with the Apis mellifera's appearances and finally, building coverage, actual vegetation and land cover were selected as the appearance variables of the Apis mellifera. The AUC, the reliability indicator of the final model was 0.791 (sd=0.077). And the importance data of the variables used for the model were 55.6%, 27.9%, and 16.5% for building coverage, actual vegetation and land cover, respectively. The result of the study showed that the building coverage has the highest correlation with the appearance of the honeybee. And, as per the actual vegetation, the artificially tree planted area as well as the cultivated field and meadow in an urban area were functioning as the most important environmental conditions for the honeybee to be inhabitable. The study is expected to be utilized as the base material for the urban planning and park green area planning to enhance the potential environment for pollination in an urban area.

• Journal of Apiculture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.283-295
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• 2018

As Sacbrood virus (SBV), a causative agent of larval death and colony collapse in Apis cerana honey bee, is prevalent and poses one of the most significant threats to the Korean apiculture, development of methods to counter this viral disease is urgently needed. In this study we tested some SBV controlling methods, such as requeen, shook swam, adding Apis mellifera and spraying yogurt to SBV inoculated colony. Colony size measured by number of sealed brood and adult were evaluated every 15 days until two months while instances of recurrence were recorded up to five months after applying treatment methods. We also test the effects of yogurt on healthy and SBV-infected larvae at both in vitro reared larvae and colony level. Our result showed that all SBV controlling methods had similar success rates with respect to elimination of SBV clinical symptom up to 30 days post treatment. Mix-species and spraying yogurt method had similar pattern of sealed brood and adult number and higher than that of other SBV controlling methods up to 45 days post treatment. These two groups also showed the lower percentage of SBV recurrence (50% and 66.7%) at 120 days post treatment than other group that mostly colony had clinical symptom. Result on in vitro reared larvae challenged with yogurt showed that yogurt have neither harmless on healthy larvae nor remedial effect on SBV infected larvae. However, at colony level, colony in group received yogurt treatment removed significantly more SBV-infected larvae, SBV-killed larvae, and even healthy larvae in comparison to the control, suggested that yogurt could trigger the hygienic behavior of nurse bee. Our results recommended that it is practical in beekeeping by adding A. mellifera and spraying yogurt to control SBV in A. cerana colony.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.682-690
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• 2015

Among location-based systems, a route search service is very highly utilized as a representative technique, but it provides relatively low accuracy when we find a route path on foot in our real environment. In this paper, we design and implement an optimized route search technique based on user experience utilizing open APIs as location-based services. Finally, we develop an Android-based application to provide this feature. In our experiment, we found that our technique enhanced performance by about 14-36% compared to previous solutions, such as route path searches using map APIs. In addition, the performance of our technique can be further enhanced, as the number of users who find such optimized route path is increasing.