• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.236-246
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• 2010

The 3-Acetylpyridine(3-AP) induces cerebellar injury which is chemoablation of the inferior olive nucleus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise(Ex) and electroacupuncture(EA) on muscle activity of hindlimb and serum brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in the ataxia rats by the 3-AP. 12-week-aged male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the 5 groups: Control, 3-AP, 3-AP+Ex, 3-AP+EA and 3-AP+Ex+EA groups. Maximal Height Vertical Jump(MHVJ) was significantly decreased in the 3-AP compared with control group, and it was increased in Ex, EA and Ex+EA groups than 3-AP group. The muscle activity of hindlimb was significantly increased in the 3-AP groups than control group, also it was most decreased in Ex+EA group. The concentration of BDNF of the serum was significantly decreased in the Ex, EA and Ex+EA groups than 3-AP group. The results of this study showed that dynamic exercise and electroacupuncture have a positive effect on functional recovery and in the ataxia rats by the 3-AP.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2019

A chicken clathrin-associated adaptor protein $3-{\delta}$ subunit 2 (AP3S2) is a subunit of AP3, which is involved in cargo protein trafficking to target membrane with clathrin-coated vesicles. AP3S2 may play a role in virus entry into host cells through clathrin-dependent endocytosis. AP3S2 is also known to participate in metabolic disease developments of progressions, such as liver fibrosis with hepatitis C virus infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chicken AP3S2 (chAP3S2) gene was originally identified as one of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in chicken kidney which was fed with different calcium doses. This study aims to characterize the molecular characteristics, gene expression patterns, and transcriptional regulation of chAP3S2 in response to the stimulation of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) to understand the involvement of chAP3S2 in metabolic disease in chicken. As a result, the structure prediction of chAP3S2 gene revealed that the gene is highly conserved among AP3S2 orthologs from other species. Evolutionarily, it was suggested that chAP3S2 is relatively closely related to zebrafish, and fairly far from mammal AP3S2. The transcriptional profile revealed that chAP3S2 gene was highly expressed in chicken lung and spleen tissues, and under the stimulation of poly (I:C), the chAP3S2 expression was down-regulated in DF-1 cells (P<0.05). However, the presence of the transcriptional inhibitors, BAY 11-7085 (Bay) as an inhibitor for nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ ($NF{\kappa}B$) or Tanshinone IIA (Tan-II) as an inhibitor for activated protein 1 (AP-1), did not affect the expressional level of chAP3S2, suggesting that these transcription factors might be dispensable for TLR3 mediated repression. These results suggest that chAP3S2 gene may play a significant role against viral infection and be involved in TLR3 signaling pathway. Further study about the transcriptional regulation of chAP3S2 in TLR3 pathways and the mechanism of chAP3S2 upon virus entry shall be needed.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.53-68
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• 2001

Purpose : This Study was conducted to evaluate clinical manifestations of abdominal pain(AP) in childhood according to its symptoms and to find out characteristic of children with abdominal pain. Methods : Pacients who visited Dong-Eui Oriental Medical hospital from August to November 2001 due to abdominal pain were included. According to questionaire and history taking abdominal pain was classified by its six subtype in the Oriental Pediatic Text Book and Dong Eui Bo Gam(東醫寶鑑). Result : According to the Oriental Pediatic Text Book, among 41 children, 31.7% had symptoms of AP caused by cold in internal organs of deficiency(臟腑虛冷腹痛), 29.3% had symptoms of AP caused by diet(食積腹痛), 19.5% had symptoms of AP caused by cold(寒腹痛), 9.8% had symptoms of AP caused by both cold and diet, 7.3% had symptoms of AP caused by internal diet and external cold(內食外寒腹痛), 2.4% had symptoms of AP caused by stagnation of Ki and stasis of blood(氣滯血瘀腹痛). There is no AP caused by parasites(蟲腹痛). Otherwise, according to Dong Eui Bo Gam, 43.9% had symptoms of AP caused by cold, 26.8% had symptoms of AP caused by diet, 9.8% had symptoms of AP caused by both cold and diet, 7.3% had symptoms of AP caused by fire(熱腹痛), 7.3% had symptoms of AP caused by phlegm(痰飮腹痛), 4.9% had symptoms of AP caused by stagnated blood(瘀血腹痛). Also There is no AP caused by parasites. Conclusion : 1. The type of AP in Childhood is different from AP in adults. AP in Childhood is most occured by cold of deficiency and food, and there is few AP caused by fire. Six subtype in Dong Eui Bo Gam prefer adults to children and It is more studied that what kind of subtype is proper for AP caused by stress or drugs. So the study on subclassification and clinical Manifestations of AP in Childhood is more performed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.259-266
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• 2012

Malicious rogue AP has been used for variety attacks such as packet sniffing and Man-In-The-Middle Attack. It is used for the purpose of data leakage via 3G network within companies, and the unauthorized AP could be a reason of security incidents even though it is not intended. In this paper, we propose the method for detecting unauthorized access point over 3G networks throughout the RTT (Round Trip Time) value for classification. Through the experiments, we show that the method can classify the AP which is installed by normal way and the AP over 3G networks successfully.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.10
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• pp.1535-1542
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical properties and biological activities of collagens with different molecular weights from Alaska pollack (Theragra chalcogramma) skin as well as their efficacies as functional materials. The molecular weights of collagens were between 1~10 kDa (below 1 kDa (AP1), 1~3 kDa (AP2), 3~10 kDa (AP3), and above 10 kDa (AP4). The protein content of AP4 (40.19 g/100 g) was the highest. Collagen contents of AP1, AP2, AP3, and AP4 were 36.43, 32.23, 19.23, and 14.89%, respectively. The free amino acid and essential amino acid contents of AP1 were higher than those of AP2, AP3, and AP4. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra of collagens with different molecular weights showed wavenumbers representing the regions of amide I, amide II, amide III, and amide A, respectively. The electron-donating ability (29.51%) and SOD-like activity (38.45%) of AP1 were higher than those of AP2, AP3, and AP4. Tyrosinase inhibition activity of AP1 improved with higher treatment concentration. The rate of inhibition of MMP-1 production in HS68 cells exposed to UVB was suppressed by treatment with AP1 (29.78%) and AP2 (26.49%) at 1 mg/mL. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between DPPH, superoxide dismutase, tyrosinase activity, and MMP-1 inhibition rate of collagens with different molecular weights.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.452-457
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• 2005

The adaptor protein (AP) complexes are involved in membrane transport of many proteins. There are 3 AP complexes in C. elegans unlike mammals that have four. To study the biological functions of the AP-3 complexes of C. elegans, we sought homologues of the mouse and human genes that encode subunits of the AP-3 complexes by screening C. elegans genomic and EST sequences. We identified single copies of homologues of the ${\mu}3$, ${\sigma}3$, ${\beta}3$ and ${\delta}$ genes. The medium chain of AP-3 is encoded by a single gene in C. elegans but two different genes in mammals. Since there are no known mutations in these genes in C. elegans, we performed RNAi to assess their functions in development. RNAi of each of the genes caused embryonic and larval lethal phenotypes. APM-3 is expressed in most cells, particularly strongly in spermatheca and vulva. We conclude that the products of the C. elegans ${\mu}3$, ${\sigma}3$, ${\beta}3$ and d genes are essential for embryogenesis and larval development.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.303-314
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• 2006

The exchange of CAD (Computer Aided Design) models between different CAD systems and to downstream applications such as manufacturing has become very important to modem industry. One serious current issue is that the process cannot automatically import existing 3-D solid models in a variety of commercial CAD formats into the process without manually re-mastering the model in current standard including "SIEP AP(Application Protocol) 203 Edition 1" To fully integrate technical data from the design agency to the shop floor, design intent and validated 3D geometry of feature based parametric CAD model should be brought into the standardized processes. To overcome this limitation, AP203 Edition 2 (Ed.2) and its related STEP parts such as Part55, Part108, Part109, Part111 and Part112 are starting to be available to handle this problem. The features in Part111 are harmonized with the machining features available in AP224. This paper is focused on two mapping technologies: CAD to Part111 mapping and Pat111 to AP224 mapping including case studios and it will provide the guideline about what should be done next in the AP203 Ed.2 to AP224 mapping. The final goal of this project is to integrate technical data from CAD to AP224 based manufacturing information through AP203 Ed.2.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.431-444
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• 2013

Widespread use of smartphones and wireless LAN accompany a threat called rogue AP. When a user connects to a rogue AP, the rogue AP can mount the man-in-the-middle attack against the user, so it can easily acquire user's private information. Many researches have been conducted on how to detect a various kinds of rogue APs, and in this paper, we are going to propose an algorithm to identify and detect a rogue AP that impersonates a regular AP by showing a regular AP's SSID and connecting to a regular AP. User is deceived easily because the rogue AP's SSID looks the same as that of a regular AP. To detect this type of rogue APs, we use a machine learning algorithm called SVM(Support Vector Machine). Our algorithm detects rogue APs with more than 90% accuracy, and also adjusts automatically detection criteria. We show the performance of our algorithm by experiments.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2009

IEEE802.11 Wireless LAN(WLAN) is being widely used in public space such as airport, and increases the networking boundary in campus and enterprise, and it has lastly attracted considerable attention for mesh network and converged network with other 3G mobile communication networks. In WLAN, load balancing among Access Points(AP) is an important issue for efficient resource management or supporting the Quality of Service(QoS) of traffic, but most researches focused on the AP selection in network entry or roaming of Stations(STA). In this paper, we propose an AP-Initiated Flow Redirection(FR) for AP load balancing by monitoring AP's availability in the true sense. When the AP's resource becomes almost saturated, that is used more than a specific threshold, the AP queries the roaming possible neighbor APs about their availability and calculates the distribution of traffic load with statistical methods such as entropy or chi-square. Finally, the AP decides flows and new APs for redirection and performs it. Our simulation results show that our FR mechanism increases the performance in the various views.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.381-399
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate teachers' perception of Advanced Placement Program. Participations of this study were 111 teachers from science high schools and gifted science high schools. The results showed as follows. First, teachers perceived positively regarding AP program and were willing to teach AP program. However, teachers perceived that schools were not ready to start AP program. Also, They perceived that teaching materials development, more teachers to teach AP programs, and teacher training programs were needed to set up AP Programs in science high schools. For the professional development, 60-hours teacher training program and incentive system for the AP teachers were needed. Implications of the study were discussed in depth based on the results.