• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2477-2483
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• 2014

Azoxymethane (AOM) is a potent genotoxic carcinogen which specifically induces colon cancer. Hyperlipidemia and diabetes have several influences on colon cancer development, with genetic and environmental exposure aspects. Here, we investigated plasma lipid and glucose concentrations in Kunming mice randomized into four groups; control (no AOM or oil exposure), AOM control, AOM + pork oil, and AOM + canola oil. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF), plasma cholesterol, plasma triglyceride, plasma glucose and organ weight were examined 32 weeks after AOM injection. Results revealed that AOM exposure significantly increased ACF number, plasma triglyceride and glucose level. Further, male mice displayed a much higher plasma triglyceride level than female mice in the AOM control group. Dietary fat significantly inhibited AOM-induced hypertriglyceridemia, and canola oil had stronger inhibitory effect than pork oil. AOM-induced hyperglycemia had no sex-difference and was not significantly modified by dietary fat. However, AOM itself not change plasma cholesterol level. AOM significantly increased liver and spleen weight in male mice, but decreased kidney weight in female mice. On the other hand, mice testis weight decreased when fed canola oil. AOM could induce colorectal carcinogenesis, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia in Kunming mice at the same time, with subsequent studies required to investigate their genome association.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.410-414
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• 1997

Laser projection display(LPD)는 레이저를 이용한 full color의 대형화면을 구현하는 system이다. $TeO_2$와 $LiNbO_3$ 단결정을 음향광학 매질과 transducer로 사용하여 이 system에 쓰이는 영상 신호 처리용 음향광학변조기(Acousto Optic Modulator : AOM)를 제작하고 그 특성을 평가하였다. AOM은 transducer에서 발생된 초음파가 가장 효과적으로 음향광학 매질에 전달되도록 simulation한 후 제작하였으며 제작된 AOM은 특성평가와 더불어 설계값에 맞게 제작되었는가를 회절효율 측정을 통해 검증하였다. LPD System에 실장된 AOM의 회절효율은 85%이며 rise time은 41.5 ns이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.4051-4055
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• 2012

Functional foods include antioxidant nutrients which may protect against many human chronic diseases by combating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon tumors in rats as an in vivo experimental model. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats (4 weeks old) were randomly divided into 4 groups containing 10 rats per group, and were treated with either AOM, PPE, or PPE plus AOM or injected with 0.9% physiological saline solution as a control. At 8 weeks of age, the rats in the AOM and PPE plus AOM groups were injected with 15 mg AOM/kg body weight, once a week for two weeks. After the last AOM injection, the rats were continuously fed ad-libitum their specific diets for another 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment (i.e. at the age of 4 months), all rats were killed and the colon tissues were examined microscopically for lesions suspected of being preneoplastic lesions or tumors as well as for biochemical measurement of oxidative stress indices. The results revealed a lower incidence of aberrant crypt foci in the PPE plus AOM administered group as compared to the AOM group. In addition, PPE blocked the AOM-induced impairment of biochemical indicators of oxidative stress in the examined colonic tissue homogenates. The results suggest that PPE can partially inhibit the development of colonic premalignant lesions in an AOM-induced colorectal carcinogenesis model, by abrogating oxidative stress and improving the redox status of colonic cells.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.563-568
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• 1988

몇가지 산화방지제와 상승제를 첨가하여 가열한 팜유와 우지에 대한 산화방지 효과를 AOM시험에 의하여 비교 연구하였다. 팜유에 0.02% TBHQ를 첨가하였을때 같은 농도의 다른 산화방지제를 첨가하였을 때 보다 AOM 안정성이 가장 우수하였다. 우지에 0.02% TBHQ를 첨가하였을 때는 같은 농도의 BHA와 BHT 혼합제와 $DL-{\alpha}-T$을 첨가한 것 보다 AOM 안정성이 증가하였으나 같은 농도의 ${\delta}-T$와 MT을 첨가한것 보다 증가하지 않았다. 팜유와우지에 $DL-{\alpha}-T$을첨가하였을 때는 BHA와 BHT 혼합제를 첨가한 것 보다 AOM안정성이 증가하지 않았다. 그러나 팜유와 우지에 ${\delta}-T$와 MT를 첨가하였을 때는 $DL-{\alpha}-T$를 첨가하였을때 보다 AOM 안정성이 증가되었고 ${\delta}-T$와 MT 간에는 큰 차이가 없었다. $DL-{\alpha}-T$및 ${\delta}-T$에 대한 구연산의 상승효과는 팜유보다 우지에서, $DL-{\alpha}-T$에 대한 AP의 상승효과는 우지보다 팜유에서, ${\delta}-T$에 대한 AP의 상승효과는 팜유보다 우지에서 각각 더 효과적이었다. 가열중 tocopherol류의 손실량은 우지보다 팜유에서 더 적었다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2009

Acute otitis media (AOM) and pneumonia are among the most common infectious diseases of children. Both are mucosal infections and share many common features such as etiological agents, pathogenesis and immunity. Influenza plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AOM and pneumonia. A vaccine against influenza may have substantial impact on these diseases during the influenza season. In clinical trials, influenza vaccine has reduced the incidence of AOM and pneumonia complicating influenza in children. However, the efficacy of vaccines has been controversial in children less than 2 years of age. Similarly, vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), both common causes of AOM and pneumonia, have the potential to reduce the impact of disease. Clinical trials showed that the currently licensed 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), administered during infancy, had an efficacy of 6-7% for the prevention of AOM, however, visits to the clinic for AOM were reduced by up to 20-30% after routine use in the U.S. Both Hib and PCVs have a proven effectiveness of >20% for prevention of radiologically confirmed pneumonia in children. The recently introduced pnuemococcal vaccine conjugated with protein D is expected to reduce AOM and pneumonia caused by non-typable H. influenzae, in addition to its effects on pneumococcal diseases. Considering their high incidence in children, recent achievements in the prevention of AOM and pneumonia with vaccines may have a significant economic and social impact.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1640-1650
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• 2020

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of common malignant neoplasm worldwide. Many studies have analyzed compositions of gut microbiota associated with various diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colon cancer. One of the most representative bacteria involved in CRC is enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), a species belonging to phylum Bacteroidetes. We used ETBF colonized mice with azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) and zerumbone, a compound with anti-bacterial effect, to determine whether zerumbone could restore intestinal microbiota composition. Four experimental groups of mice were used: sham, ETBF colonized AOM/DSS group, ETBF colonized AOM/DSS group zerumbone 60 mg kg-1 (ETBF/AOM/DSS + Z (60)), and only zerumbone (60 mg kg^-1)-treated group. We performed reversible dye terminators-based analysis of 16S rRNA gene region V3-V4 for group comparison. Microbiota compositions of ETBF/AOM/DSS + Z (60) group and ETBF colonized AOM/DSS group not given zerumbone were significantly different. There were more Bacteroides in ETBF/AOM/DSS + Z (60) group than those in ETBF colonized AOM/DSS group, suggesting that B. fragilis could be a normal flora activated by zerumbone. In addition, based on linear discriminant analysis of effect size (LEfSe) analysis, microbial diversity decreased significantly in the ETBF colonized AOM/DSS group. However, after given zerumbone, the taxonomic relative abundance was increased. These findings suggest that zerumbone not only influenced the microbial diversity and richness, but also could be helpful for enhancing the balance of gut microbial composition. In this work, we demonstrate that zerumbone could restore the composition of intestinal microbiota.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.5071-5074
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• 2016

Background: Azoxymethane (AOM) is a well-known colon cancer-inducing agent in experimental animals via mechanisms that include oxidative stress in rat colon and liver tissue. Few studies have investigated AOM-induced oxidative stress in rat liver tissue. Red seaweeds of the genera Hypnea Bryodies and Melanothamnus Somalensis are rich in polyphenolic compounds that may suppress cancer through antioxidant properties, yet limited research has been carried out to investigate their anti-carcinogenic and antioxidant influence against AOM-induced oxidative stress in rat liver. Objective: This study aims to determine protective effects of red seaweed (Hypnea Bryodies and Melanothamnus Somalensis) extracts against AOM-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats received intraperitoneal injections of AOM, 15 mg/kg body weight, once a week for two consecutive weeks and then orally administered red seaweed (100 mg/kg body-weight) extracts for sixteen weeks. At the end of the experiment all animals were overnight fasted then sacrificed and blood and liver tissues were collected. Results: AOM treatment significantly decreased serum liver markers and induced hepatic oxidative stress as evidenced by increased liver tissue homogenate levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde, decreased total antioxidant capacity and glutathione, and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase). Both red seaweed extracts abolished the AOM-associated oxidative stress and protected against liver injury as evidenced by increased serum levels of liver function markers. In addition, histological findings confirmed protective effects of the two red seaweed extracts against AOM-induced liver injury. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that red seaweed (Hypnea Bryodies and Melanothamnus Somalensis) extracts counteracted oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity in a rat model of colon cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.947-952
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of grape juice on colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and expression of NF-kB, iNOS and TNF-${\alpha}$. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups: G1, control; G2, 15 mg/kg AOM; G3, 1% grape juice 2 weeks before AOM; G4, 2% grape juice 2 weeks before AOM; G5, 1% grape juice 4 weeks after AOM; G6, 2% grape juice 4 weeks after AOM; G7, 2% grape juice without AOM. Histological changes and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were studied, while RNA expression of NF-kB, TNF- and iNOS was evaluated by qPCR. Results: The number of ACF was higher in G2, and G4 presented a smaller number of crypts per focus than G5 (p=0.009) and G6. Small ACF (1-3) were more frequent in G4 compared to G2, G5 and G6 (p=0.009, p=0.009 and p=0.041, respectively). RNA expression of NF-kB was lower in G3 and G4 compared to G2 (p=0.004 and p=0.002, respectively). A positive correlation was observed between TNF-${\alpha}$ and NF-kB gene expression (p=0.002). In conclusion, the administration of 2% grape juice before AOM reduced the crypt multiplicity, attenuating carcinogenesis. Lower expression of NF-kB was observed in animals exposed to grape juice for a longer period of time, regardless of concentration.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2000년도 하계학술발표회
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• pp.202-203
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• 2000

단원자를 이용한 Cavity-QED실험을 위해서는 고분해능 분광학이 필수적 요소이며, 이에 따라, 좁은선폭의 레이저가 필요하게 된다. 본 실험에서는 기준공진기를 이용한 전류되먹임방법의 1단계와, AOM(Acousto Optic Modulator)을 이용한 주파수 보정의 2단계를 거쳐 다이오드 레이저의 주파수를 안정화하였다. (중략)

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.591-597
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• 1997

Instantaneous velocity distribution within coaxial circular pipe for measurement velocity of high speed is acquired simultaneously by applying the 2-dimensional PTV system consisting of a pulse generator(AOM:Acousto-Optical Modulator), a continuous-output laser and a PC image grabber together with experimental apparatus. The basic mechanism of AOM and vector identification method and performance-related image processing techniques are discussed. Representative measuring regions $90{\times}90$mm are selected and instantaneous vectors are represented and fully developed turbulent flow of maximum velocity up to about 1.0 m/sec is obtained.