• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.425-432
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• 2006

The tadpoles of 12 Korean anuran species, including Bombina orientalis, Bufo gargarizans, B. stejnegeri, Hyla japonica, Kaloula borealis, Rana dybowskii, R. huanrenensis, R. coreana, R. nigromaculata, R. chosenica, R. rugosa, and R. catesbeiana, were classified based on their morphological characteristics. We collected eggs or tadpoles of the 12 Korean anuran species from Gangwon, Incheon, Chungcheong, and Gyeonggi districts in 2005 and 2006 breeding seasons. When the tadpoles reached at $27{\sim}37$ Gosner's developmental stages, we described morphological characteristics of the tadpoles of each anuran species and measured their physical parameters such as total length, body length, and body mass. After that, we chose 12 morphological characteristics to identify each species and to use them as classification keys such as eye location, caudal musculature pattern, spiracle location, oral disc morphology, and labial tooth row formula. In this paper, we presented classification keys, morphological characteristics, and drawings for the tadpoles of 12 anuran species.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.104-115
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate whether attitudes and recognitions of middle and high school students regarding environmental concerns were improved after anuran call monitoring. It was a step toward monitoring local environmental changes with anuran calls. Three-striped pond frogs (Rana nigromaculata), Bullfrogs (R. catesbeiana), and Narrow-mouthed toads (Kaloula borealis) were surveyed to determine local abundance and distribution of them in 12 study sites using their advertising calls. A published booklet, which contains morphological, physiological, ecological, and acoustic information on amphibian species and methods of monitoring anuran calls were provided to monitoring students for identifying the three species. Pretest-posttest were conducted before and after monitoring from 10 April to 28 August in 2005 to determine how the monitoring students changed their attitudes on environmental issues, increased knowledges on amphibians, and improved the understanding on the cause and effect of declining amphibian populations. The amphibian monitoring program was effective to improve the students' attitudes towards conserving environments as well as the students' knowledge on general behavior and ecology of various amphibian species although their understanding about various environmental problems was not. In addition, the program increased the students' understanding on the problems of declining amphibian populations.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.331-335
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• 2006

We investigated the distribution of three anuran species, Three-striped pond frogs (Rana nigromaculata), Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana), and Narrow-mouthed toads (Kaloula borealis), in an administrative district, Haenam Gun, Junnam Province, Korea using volunteer call surveys. Twenty-eight volunteer call surveyors were assigned to each $2{\times}2km^2$ survey plot. Call surveys on whether the species are present or not were conducted for 5 minutes between 30 minutes after sunset and the midnight on rice fields and ponds from 10 April to 28 August in 2005. Depending on species, call surveys were carried out at seven to 28 plots with average 8.4 to 10.7 visits per the plot. We calculated the detection probabilities and occupancy rates of the three species using four models with three covariates: temperature, humidity, and the amount of water at the habitat. The model average detection probabilities of three anuran species of R. nigromaculata, R. catesbeiana, and K. borealis were 0.53, 0.74, and 0.41 respectively, and the site occupancy rates of them were 0.93, 0.94, and 0.86 respectively. Our results indicate that R. nigromaculata, R. catesbeiana, and K. borealis are common in Haenam Gun.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.309-313
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• 2000

Since specific types and physical characteristics of anuran calls can represent reproductive qualities of a calling male, anuran calls have been studied in context of mate choice. We in here report call types of Rana dybowskii and their variations from two different recording sites. Calls of R. dybowskii are classified to three types based on their physical characteristics and behavioral observations; 'A-call'functions to advertise locations of a calling male and to attract potential mates. A territorial male emits 'B-call'only during male-male interaction. 'C -call'is released when a male frog was clasped by another male. The A-call from two recording sites, Miwon and Wonju, shows high variations in their call characteristics.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2000

Limbs and supporting structures of an organism experience a full weight of its own when it lands from water, because neutral buoyancy in the aquatic habitat will be no longer available in the terrestrial world. Metamorphosis of anuran amphibians presents 8 good research model to examine how this transition from non-loading to weight-loading affects development of motor capacity at the time of their first emergence on land. Our video analysis of the transitional anurans, Rana catesbeiana, at Gosner stage 46 (the stage of complete transformation) demonstrated that the take-off speed increased 1.23-fold after the first six hours of weight-loading on the wet ground. It did not increase further during the following three days of loading, and was close to the level of mature frogs with different body mass. During development of larvae in deep water with no chance of landing through metamorphosis, both tension and power of a hindlimb anti-gravity muscle increased 5-fold between stages 37 and n. However, the muscle contractility increased more rapidly when the larvas could access the wet ground by their natural landing behavior after stages 41-42. Muscle power, one of major factors affecting locomotory speed, was 1.29-fold greater in the loaded than in the non-loaded larvae at the transitional stage. Thus, weight-loading had a potentially significant effect on the elevation of motor capacity, with a similar extent of increment in locomotory speed and muscle power during the last stages of metamorphosis. Such a motor adjustment of the froglets in a relatively short transitional period would be important for effective ecological interactions and survival in their inexperienced terrestrial life.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1998년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.247.1-247
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• 1998

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.247-252
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• 1999

The aim of this study was to characterize antipredator tactics of anurans and to evaluate the effectiveness of these tactics for predator avoidance in real confrontations. Two types of experiments were conducted. In one experiment, one predator and one prey were placed together for one hour in a small confined space (one-to-one interaction). In another experiment, one predator and several prey were placed together for one day in a large enclosure in a field (field-based interaction). The prey consisted of three anuran species, Rana nigromaculata, R. rugosa, and Bombina orientalls: a snake species, Rhabdophis tigrinus tigrinus, was used as a predator. Results of both experiments demonstrated a range in antipredator responses of the frogs, from toxicity and warning coloration, coupled with slow responses in Bombina to little (or only slight) toxicity, crypsis, and fast take-off responses to the predator in the ranids. oth ranid species exhibited lower survival(57%) than Bombina (95%) in the field-based interaction, suggesting that motor responses of the palatable prey due to attacks of the predator ultimately limited their survival. The jumping of the ranids increased the activity of the predator, which became more likely to strike. Simple crouching(seen in R. rugosa and B. orientalis) and chemical defense (in Bombina) reduced predatory attacks.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.199-203
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• 2005

We studied the effectiveness of mating call playbacks on call monitoring of three-striped pond frogs (Rana nigromaculata). Playback experiments were conducted between 2100 to 0030 at 15 sites located at Chungwon, Chungbuk, and Yeongi, Chungnam, in May 2005. We recorded call responses of 25 males to two different call playbacks, (i) single mating calls from a single male and (ii) chorus mating calls from five males, by randomly presenting the calls with a 15 min-gap between the two playbacks. We compared the number of response calls of the focal males for three min before, during, and after the playbacks. Five of 25 males were silent before stimulus presentation, but all the males emitted calls after the playbacks. The number of calls in response to single playback calls significantly differed among the three playback periods, where males gave more calls during the playback than before or after the playbacks. In addition, subject males presented significantly more calls to single call playbacks than to chorus call playbacks. The results of this study suggest that playback using repeated single mating calls is effective in call monitoring of R. nigromaculata males.

• 생태와환경
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.366-377
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• 2019

논 습지는 다양한 야생동물들의 주요 서식공간으로, 급격한 개발 및 환경 변화로 인해 논에 서식하는 야생동물의 생물 다양성 보전에 위협이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 서해안에 위치한 논 습지를 이용하는 무미 양서류의 서식지 이용 특성을 규명하고자 2018년 3월부터 10월까지 당진시 대호 간척 농지에 서식하는 양서류의 풍부도와 서식 환경을 바탕으로 종들에게 영향을 끼친 주요 환경 요인을 파악하고, 서식지 이용 특성을 알아보았다. 연구 결과 조사지역에서는 금개구리(Pelophylax chosenicus)를 포함하여 참개구리 (P. nigromaculatus)와 청개구리 (Hyla japonica)의 서식이 확인되었다. 3종에 영향을 끼치는 환경 요인으로 기온과 습도, 수심, 미소 서식지로 확인되었고, 청개구리는 수온에 영향을 받고 있었으며, 금개구리는 벼의 길이와 농법의 유형에 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 3종은 모두 기온과 습도, 수심이 증가할수록 개체수가 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 모내기한 필지를 가장 많이 이용했으며, 번식 시기에는 미소 서식지 요인 중 필지를 가장 선호하고 있어 조사지역이 3종의 주요 번식지로 이용되고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 금개구리는 관행에 비해 친환경 농지에서 더 많이 관찰되었는데, 이는 포식자와 제초작업으로 인한 주변 환경의 차이로 인한 원인으로 보인다. 본 연구를 통해 논에 서식하는 무미 양서류 3종이 선호하는 환경 요인은 종에 따라 다른 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 결과는 무미 양서류 보전에 중요한 자료를 제공할 것이다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2010

변태중인 참개구리(Rana nigromaculata) 유생의 상피에서 세포자멸사가 초래된 세포를 확인하고 이들의 핵과 세포질에서 나타나는 퇴행과정의 미세구조 변화를 TUNEL 염색법과 투과전자현미경 관찰을 통해 분석하였다. 꼬리의 퇴화가 진행되는 Shumway 발생단계 31기부터 33기까지의 유생 상피는 다층의 입방형세포로 이루어져 있었고, TUNEL 염색으로 관찰한 결과, 상피 전역에 걸쳐 광범위한 세포자멸사가 진행되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 자멸사에 의해 초래되는 상피세포의 초기 변형은 먼저 핵에서 관찰되었는데, 염색질이 응축되어 핵막 주변부로 편재되었고 핵의 분절과 세포질의 응축, 그리고 세포막의 변형이 뒤따르는 것으로 확인되었다. 이어서 세포질의 분절에 의해 자멸소체가 형성되었는데 막으로 둘러싸인 소체 내부에서는 비교적 잘 보존된 형태의 세포소기관들이 관찰되었다. 자멸사가 초래된 세포들은 상피내 대식세포(intraepithelial macrophage)로 추정되는 인접 세포들에 의해 탐식되어 잔여소체를 형성하였으며, 급속한 퇴화과정을 거쳐 층판구조를 지닌 소포의 형태로 변형된 후 세포질에서 소멸됨이 확인되었다.