• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 2011

To investigate the alleviative effect of white tea water extract on the inflammation and skin barrier damage, skin aging animal model was produced by the irradiation of UVB to the backs of hairless mice for 12 weeks. And then experimental materials were applied topically for 4 weeks. At the 28th day of experiment, positive control (PC, 0.01% retinoic acid treatment) and experimental groups (E1, 1% white tea water extract treatment; E2, 2% white tea water extract treatment) had significantly (p<0.001) lower values of both skin erythema index and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) than the control (C, saline treatment) group. The appearance of mast cell and the degree of its degranulation in dermal and subcutaneous layers were remarkably reduced in E1 and E2 groups compared to the C group. It is found that white tea water extract is effective in skin barrier damage and inflammation in hairless mouse.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.113-117
• /
• 2005

Background and Objective : Vocal fold augmentation by injectable material under direct visual control is an easy and simple operation. However, when autologous fat or bovine collagen is used, the resoiption creates a problem. And autologous fascia is debating about absorption now days. We previously reported on the one year results of injected autologous auricular cartilage for volumetric augmentation in paralyzed canine vocal cord. This study evaluates the long-term histomorphologic results of injected autologous auricular cartilage for the augmentation of the paralyzed canine vocal fold at two year. Material and Methods . A prospective trial of autologous cartilage augmentation of vocal cord in animal model. Three dogs were operated upon. A piece of auricular cartilage was harvested from the ear and minced into tiny chips with a scalpel. Fat was harvested from inguinal area and minced with a scalpel. The minced cartilage and fat-paste (0.2ml) was injected using a pressure syringe into the paralyzed thyroarytenoid muscle using direct laryngoscopy. Three animals were sacrificed at 2 years. Each subject underwent laryngectomy and serial coronal sections of paraffin blocks from the posterior vocal fold were made. Results There was no significant complication perioperatively and during follow-up. The injected cartilage which appeared to have lost viability existed in the vocalis muscles until 24 months. Fibrotic change was exhibited in the surrounding injected cartilage. Conclusion : The autologous auricular cartilage graft is well tolerated and may be very effective material for volumetric augmentation on paralyzed vocal cord.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.213-218
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the bioavailability and nutritive functions of Nak-Dong rice or genetically modified ${\beta}$-carotene-biofortified rice (GM rice) in an experimental animal model. Wistar rats fed either GM rice or Nak-Dong rice did not show differences in bioavailability, growth, organ weights, or visceral fat, suggesting that the nutrient content of GM rice is compositionally equivalent to that of conventional Nak-Dong rice. In addition, GM rice showed improved nutritive function in terms of increased defecation, decreased lipids, and decreased blood glucose.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.488-494
• /
• 2013

The anti-diabetic effect of green tea fermented by cheonggukjang was evaluated using KK-$A^y$ mice, an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Over a 90 day testing period, food and water intake decreased significantly in the group fed fermented green tea (FGT) and a group fed commercially available health functional food (PC), when compared with a diabetic control group (DC). The blood glucose levels of FGT mice were lower than in DC mice throughout the test period and were similar to the levels in PC after 60 days. Levels of Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and insulin resistance were lower in mice of the FGT group than in mice of the DC group. DNA microarray analysis showed that administration of FGT increased the abundance of 12 mRNA transcripts related to diabetes. Whereas FGT increased hexokinase transcripts related to glycolysis more than 37 fold, levels of Pdx1 (pancreatic and duodenal homeobox1) and Cacna1e (calcium channel) transcripts increased more than 1.8 fold.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.15 no.8
• /
• pp.5088-5094
• /
• 2014

Hovenia dulcis extract (HDE) has positive effects on alcohol degradation, recovery of liver damage and antioxidant activities. This study examined whether HDE exerts an ameliorative effect on inflammatory orifacial pain in an animal algesic model with formalin. The animals (rats) were divided into four groups: group I (control), group II (right facial subcutaneous injection of 5% formalin, inflammatory orifacial pain group), group III (5% formalin + distilled water administration), and group IV injection (5% formalin + 4.5 ml/kg of HDE), respectively. The scores from the scratch and effleurage tests were applied to evaluate the differences between three groups. The expression of p38 MAPK, iNOS and Nrf2 in the brain and medulla oblongata, which are involved in pain regulation, inflammation, antioxidation and nitric oxide production, were analyzed by western blot. The degree of orifacial pain was significantly lower in group IV than in groups I, II and, III. The expression of p38MAPK, iNOS and Nrf2 in the brain and medulla were also lower in group IV than in the other groups. These findings suggested that a Hovenia dulcis extract can attenuate inflammatory orifacial pain by suppressing the expression of p38 MAPK, iNOS and Nrf2.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.147-166
• /
• 2008

Objectives : Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by a chronic relapsing inflammation of the bowel in which proinflammatory cytokines play an important perpetuating role. Methods : Mice (preventive animal model of gliotoxin) were treated with 5 % 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) at day 1 and day 7. To investigate preventive effects of acupuncture with Gujin at $LI_{11}$, acupuncture was carried out at day -1, day 1, day 3. And, to investigate therapeutic effects, acupuncture with Gujin was carried out at day 3, day 5, day 7. For the data analysis, we checked weight and width of colon, diarrhea, edema, survival rate, changes of body weight, and myeloperoxygenase (MPO) activity. For analysing protein expression, we carried out immunohistochemical staining and Western blot and we analyzed mRNA expression by RT-PCR. Results : Colon of TNBS treated mice was erosive and shortening compared with the colon of control mice and induced damages of colon epithelial cell layer and induced infiltration of immune cells in all layer of colon. Acupuncture of gujin at $LI_{11}$ in preventive mode suppressed macorscopic damages such as erosive and shortening of colon by TNBS and damages of intestinal epithelial cells and infiltration of immune cells in the colon. The average weight of 5 cm distal colon was increased in TNBS treated mice (758${\mu}g$) compared with in control mice (112${\mu}g$) and width of distal colon was also increased in TNBS treated mice (4.9mm) compared with in control mice (1.3mm). Acupuncture with Gujin at $LI_{11}$ in preventive and therapeutic mode suppressed increase of colon weight and width by TNBS. TNBS induced edema of colon and diarrhea and Acupunctured with Gujin at $LI_{11}$ in preventive and therapeutic mode ameliorated these symptom by TNBS. In preventive and therapeutic mode, the effects of acupuncture with Gujin at $LI_{11}$ were increasing the motility, suppressing body weight decreasing, suppressing MPO activity, reducing expressing of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1b, and ICAM-1 in colon compared with that by TNBS Conclusions : This study demonstrates that acupuncture with Gujin at $LI_{11}$ represents a potential therapeutic method of Crohn's disease.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.20 no.11
• /
• pp.1738-1741
• /
• 2010

Caliper measurements of tumor volume have been widely used in the assessment of tumors in animal models. However, experiments based on caliper data have resulted in unreliable estimates of tumor growth, due to necrotic areas of tumor mass. To overcome this systematic bias, we engineered a new luciferase-expressing rat prostate cancer cell line (MLL-Luc) that produces bioluminescence from viable cancer cells. MLL-Luc cells showed a strong correlation between bioluminescence intensity and cell number ($R^2$=0.99) and also accurately quantified tumor growth, with reduced bioluminescence signals caused by necrotic cells in a subcutaneous MLL-Luc xenograft model. The accurate quantification of tumor growth with bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was confirmed by a better antitumor effect of combination chemotherapy, compared to that based on caliper measurements with a correlation between the bioluminescence signal and tumor volume ($R^2$=0.84). These data suggest that bioluminescent MLL xenografts are a powerful and quantitative tool for monitoring tumor growth and are useful in evaluating the efficacy of anticancer drugs, with less systematic bias.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.397-406
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to observe the titanium implant osseointegration in the osteoporosis-induced animal model. Seventy rats, 11 weeks of age, were divided into two groups : an ovariectomized group and a control group. Titanium screw implants(diameter, 2.0mm; length, 3.5mm) were placed into left tibias of 70 rats, 35 in the control group and 35 in the experimental group. The rats were sacrificed at different time interval (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks after implantation) for histopathologic observation, histomorphometric analysis and immunohistochemistry with fibronectin and CD34 antibody. The results obtained from this study were as follows: 1. Histopathologically findings, newly formed bone was seen at 3 weeks and became lamellar bone at 8 weeks, and mature trabecullar bone was seen at 12 weeks control group. In experimental group, thickness of regenerated bone increased till 8 weeks gradually and mature trabecullar bone was seen at 12 weeks. 2. By histomorphometric analysis, marrow bone density and contact ratio of marrow bone to implant decreased significantly from 8 to 12 weeks in experimental group compared to control group and also total bone to implant contact ratio decreased significantly from 8 to 12 weeks in experimental group. 3. Fibronectin immunoreactivity was strong at 3 weeks control group and reduced after 8weeks gradually. But it was continuously strong from 3 to 8 weeks in experimental group. 4. CD34 immunoreactivity was very strong in the newly formed osteoblasts from 3 to 8 weeks control group. But it reacted minimally later. While in experimental group, it reacted continuously strong from 3 to 12 weeks. The results of this study suggest that osteoporosis is not an absolute contraindication to dental implantation if sufficient period suggested after fixture installation till second stage surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.131-138
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of calcium and vitamin D to the titanium implant osseointegration in animal model. 32 rats, 10 weeks of age, were divided into two group: additional calcium and vitamin D supplementation group and a control group. Titanium screw implant(diameter, 2.0mm; length, 3.5mm; pitch-height 0.4mm) were placed into tibia of 32 rats, 16 in the control group and 16 in the experimental group. The rats were sacrificed at different time interval(1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after implantation) for histopathologic observation, histomorphometric analysis and immunohistochemistry with osteocalcin and osteopontin antibody. Histopathologically findings, newly formed bone was seen at 1 weeks and became lamellar bone at 2 weeks, and mature trabecullar bone was seen at 4 weeks experimental group. In control group, thickness of regenerated bone increased till 4 weeks gradually and trabecullar bone was seen at 8 weeks. By histomorphometric analysis, bone marrow density was increased significantly at 1 and 2 weeks in experimental group compared to control group. Osteocalcin immunoreactivity was strong at 1 week experimental group and reduced after 4 weeks gradually. But it was continuously weakly from 1 to 4 weeks in control group. Osteopontin immunoreactivity was very strong in newly formed bone from 2 to 8 weeks experimental group. And the amount of osteopontin expression was more abundant in experimental group. The results of this study suggest that calcium and vitamin D supplementation promotes bone healing around dental implants

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.51-72
• /
• 2009

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshungi-san) and Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture on pain reduction and nerve regeneration after crush injury in rat sciatic nerve. Methods : Animal model was produced through crush injury of right sciatic nerve and they were divided into four groups; Group I: no treatment control group; Group II: experimental group treated with Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshungi-san); Group III: experimental group treated with Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture; Group IV: experimental group treated with Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshungi-san) and Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture. For the assessment of pain, this study was observed the paw withdrawal latency(PWL) and immunoreactivity on the substance-P. For the assessment of nerve regeneration, the sciatic functional index(SFI) and immunoreactivity on the BDNF were measured. Results : 1. In the assessment of pain, the PWL of experimental groups was significantly higher than control group and group IV was significantly higher than other groups at the all days. 2. In immunohistochemical response of substance-P, as time passes, the immunoreactivity of all groups were decreased gradully. Especially, group IV had the lowest immunoreactivity. 3. In the assessment of SFI, the SFI of experimental groups were significantly higher than control group. 4. In immunohistochemical response of BDNF, the BDNF immunoreactivity of all groups was significantly higher than control group and especially, group IV had the highest immunoreactivity at the 14 days after injury. 5. H & E stain was used on the liver and kidney to investigate toxic effect of Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture and Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshungi-san) on on 21 days after injury. However there were no any toxic effects both control group and experimental groups. Conclusions : On the basis of these results, we propose that Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshungi-san) and Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture were related to pain reduction and motor nerve recovery, also decreased substance-P expression and increased BDNF expression after crush injury of sciatic nerve, especially these two treatments could be more effective when they were combined simultaneously.