• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.103-112
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the current status and components of Korean National Debt and to analyze the effects of each component on National Debt. In the Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS), we searched for data such as General Accounting Deficit Conservation, For Foreign Exchange Market Stabilization, For Common Housing Stability, Local Government Net Debt Public Funds, etc that constitute National Debt. The analysis period used a total of 23 annual data from 1997 to 2019. The data collected in this study use the rate of change compared to the previous year for each component. Using this, this study attempted index analysis, numerical analysis, and model analysis. Correlation analysis result, the National Debt has a high relationship with the For Common Housing Stability. For Foreign Exchange Market Stabilization, Public Funds, etc., but has a low relationship with the Local Government Net Debt. Since 1997, National Debt has been increasing similarly to the For Foreign Exchange Market Stabilization, For Common Housing Stability and Public Funds etc. Since 2020, Korea is expected to increase significantly in terms of For Common Housing Stability and Public Funds, etc due to Corona19. At a time when the global economic situation is difficult, Korea's National Debt is expected to increase significantly due to the use of national disaster subsidies. However, if possible, the government expects to operate efficiently for economic growth and financial market stability.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.222-225
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• 2009

The apartment housing in Korea has been rapidly constructed by adapting the most suitable construction methods as like wall structure, wet and united construction. But most of short-lived equipments usually filled in the structure which has longer life, and it causes not only to make difficult coping with the deterioration of equipments but also to let buildings remained deteriorate themselves. The buildings can be remodelled to slow down the terms of deterioration or reconstructed to give a new life of themselves, although the disposal of wastes or the lack of natural resources still be problems and unsolved that can occurred in pulling down and reconstructing the buildings. Furthermore, it is the time to need keeping with worldwide trends and movements as like sustainability or 'green growth' movements based on low carbon emissions. The researches for Long-Life Housing apartments which has durability and variation have been advanced up to now. Long-Life Housing apartments can separate their structures from equipments and interior or exterior materials of buildings. Therefore equipments or materials of buildings can be easily repaired and replaced with new ones, even if they are deteriorated themselves. Also, the construction process of Long-Life Housing apartments can be independent from the matter of proprietary rights, terms of durability, decision rights and so on. 'The law of Possession and Management of Collective Building' and the 'Regulation of Management of Collective Building' established by each local governments are already legislated for declaring the rights of using and ownership, responsibilities of each parts of apartment buildings. These laws and regulations classify the ownership of each parts of apartment buildings, and divide the ownership with public possession and exclusive possession. Therefore, this study will conduct comparative analysis between 'The law of Possession and Management of Collective Building' and 'the Regulation of Management of Collective Building' and find problems which can be occurred in future construction of Long-Life Housing apartments. It will be helpful to revise laws and regulations.

• The Korean journal of internal medicine
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1160-1168
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• 2018

Background/Aims: The Republic of Korea is a country where the hemodialysis population is growing rapidly. It is believed that the numbers of treatments related to vascular access-related complications are also increasing. This study investigated the current status of treatment and medical expenses for vascular access in Korean patients on hemodialysis. Methods: This was a descriptive observational study. We inspected the insurance claims of patients with chronic kidney disease who underwent hemodialysis between January 2008 and December 2016. We calculated descriptive statistics of the frequencies and medical expenses of procedures for vascular access. Results: The national medical expenses for access-related treatment were 7.12 billion KRW (equivalent to 6.36 million USD) in 2008, and these expenses increased to 42.12 billion KRW (equivalent to 37.67 million USD) in 2016. The population of hemodialysis patients, the annual frequency of access-related procedures, and the total medical cost for access-related procedures increased by 1.6-, 2.6-, and 5.9-fold, respectively, over the past 9 years. The frequency and costs of access care increased as the number of patients on hemodialysis increased. The increase in vascular access-related costs has largely been driven by increased numbers of percutaneous angioplasty. Conclusions: The increasing proportion of medical costs for percutaneous angioplasty represents a challenge in the management of end-stage renal disease in Korea. It is essential to identify the clinical and physiological aspects as well as anatomical abnormalities before planning angioplasty. A timely surgical correction could be a viable option to control the rapid growth of access-related medical expenses.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.109-112
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• 2009

Various environmental problems due to the rapid industralization and urbanization have been worsened as much as to threaten the environmental restitution of globe and become a critical international issue. Korean government presented the green growth as a new state vision for 60 years afterwards and is making efforts to solve the environmental problems. Daegu metropolitan city has faced various environmental problems including overpopulation of cities, traffic pollution, household wastes and green zone problem because of urbanization for the last decades. As such urbanism continues, the quality of residential environment is rapidly deteriorating and the intensive use of land leads to increase of building area raising the temperature of cities. Therefore there have been demands for the healthy, pleasant and satisfying residential environment and the improvement of residential environment and such recognition rises from society in full measure. Nevertheless the current residential complex concentrates only on raising the efficiency of land use. Related laws in the past(Daegu Metropolitan City, Urban Planning Municipal Ordinance as of October 10, 2003) tried to prepare a standard to segmentalize the building-to-land ratio, floor area ratio and regulations of number of floors vertically, but currently it is abolished and the regulations are becoming eased. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the floating wind before and after the vertical segmentation of residential areas(Daegu Metropolitan City, Urban Planning Municipal Ordinance as of October 10, 2003) by using KLAM_21, a model that enables analysing and predicting the flow and generation of clod wind, and to present a plan to improve the quality of residential areas afterwards when developing building lot and re-developing housing areas.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2017

Climate change phenomenon is posing a serious threat to sustainable corn production in Ghana. This study investigated the impacts of climate change on the rain-fed corn yield in the Dangme East district, Ghana by using Aquacrop model with a daily weather data set of 22-year from 1992 to 2013. Analysis of the weather data showed that the area is facing a warming trend as the numbers of years hotter and drier than the normal seemed to be increasing. Aquacrop model was assessed using the limited observed data to verify model's sufficiency, and showed credible results of $R^2$ and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). In order to simulate the corn yield response to climate variability four climate change scenarios were designed by varying long-term average temperature in the range of ${\pm}1^{\circ}C{\sim}{\pm}3^{\circ}C$ and average annual rainfall to ${\pm}5%{\sim}{\pm}30%$, respectively. Generally, the corn yield was negatively correlated to temperature rise and rainfall reduction. Rainfall variations showed more prominent impacts on the corn yield than that of temperature variations. The reduction in average rainfall would instantly limit the crop growth rate and the corn yield irrespective of the temperature variations.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.162-169
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• 2012

Our country set the mid-term reduction goal of greenhouse gases up to 2020 in accordance with Bali roadmap agreed in 2007 through the negotiation with UNFCCC in 2009 and specified the proper goal as by the Basic Act on Green Growth that went into effect at April, 2010. First of all the enlargement of green building construction has been suggested as a worldwide strategy to achieve the green house gas reduction. Building area is one of most important sectors for the countermeasure of climate change agreement and the achievement of national green house gas reduction goal and the need to reduce its green house gases has been increased accordingly. The objective of the study is to examine the status and characterization of mass energy consumption local governmental buildings' green house gas emissions depending on usage (hotel, school, apartment, hospital) through the green house gas emission source unit analysis. The result indicated that the energy source unit was proportional to green house gas source unit and hotel showed the highest green house gas emission source unit per open area of construction unit, followed by hospital, apartment, and then school. In case of apartment, green house gas emission source unit per open area of construction unit decreased as year went on. Meanwhile school building showed a striking increase in the annual energy source unit.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.822-834
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• 2015

Contemporary fashion companies have been planning marketing strategies that can promote brands and products more effectively for satisfying consumers' increasingly diversified needs. For this reason, retail spaces have continued to evolve and the modern concept of pop-up stores appeared through this process. Therefore, the object of this study was to research domestic pop-up fashion store cases by collecting article data. These data are from Internet fashion-specialty sites and analyze the types and characteristics of pop-up fashion stores by providing basic information that will be useful in the pop-up fashion stores of companies when they establish their marketing strategies. This study utilized the content analysis method and derived the results by using SPSS Statistics. As a result of this study, the type of "pop-up fashion stores opening in distribution enterprises" comprised the highest percentage of the whole store types and the pop-up fashion stores' management purposes were focused on product introduction, promotion, and market testing. As time passed, not only did pop-up fashion stores' growth rate increased, but also the types of pop-up fashion stores have become more diverse. In other words, contemporary fashion companies are utilizing more pop-up fashion stores as a marketing strategy than before. However, due to the short history of domestic pop-up fashion stores, the variety of research is still insufficient, so more extensive research on pop-up fashion stores is required.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.107-131
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• 2018

This paper presents a model for the Minimum Wage Commission's decision process and analyzes the strategic actions of the participants in the process. The Minimum Wage Commission has used two ways of setting the minimum wage. The commission has voted either on the labor's against the management' final proposals or has voted on the public interest commissioners' proposal. According to the model, the minimum wage is determined at a level that is very close to or at a level preferred by the median voter among the public interest commissioners. But the probability of adopting labor or management proposal is ex-ante the same. Empirical evidence from the minimum wage decision process is consistent with the predictions of the model. The probability of adopting the labor's proposal in the minimum wage commission voting is not statistically significantly different from 50%. The model also suggests that the preference of the median voter among public interest commissioners determines the minimum wage level. Since the government appoints public interest commissioners and thus, in fact, the median voters, the government can decide the minimum wage level. This proposition is also consistent with data. The annual growth rate of the minimum wage under the progressive governments is higher than under conservative governments.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.73-91
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• 2009

In this paper, we attempt to study the trend of regional disparity among Chinese provinces and examine the effects of globalization on the disparities adapting panel data approach. The panel data set utilized consists of the annual variables of 29 provinces during 18 years from 1990 to 2007. The trend of inter-provincial disparities in the 1990s with the expansive trend but the trend has started to decrease since 2000. The results of the China case study show clearly that the provincial international trade level and ratio variables perform on regional income disparities remarkably in all cases. It means that the large development of international trade do with increased among provincial disparity. While due to the large area in the provinces, there exist urban-rural disparities within provinces could be one of the main source of regional disparities. Therefore, along with western regions development policy various development policies against small cities are necessary for balanced regional economic growth in China.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.28-34
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• 2020

The South Korean government invested about 560 billion won in research and development in the wind power sector over 30 years from 1989 to 2019. In addition, the government has been setting up conditions for the country's wind industry to grow through various policies, including the RPS (Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard). As a result, the size of Korea's wind industry has grown to 1.1 trillion won in annual sales and there are 2,000 people working in the wind energy sector. While the domestic market is weak due to the small size of Korea and there are problems with the NIMBY, the government has continued to support technology developments and support market policies. Despite insufficient performance in overseas markets, the effect of the government is still significant on the growth of the wind industry. In particular, the government's R&D investment program, which focuses on enhancing companies' competitiveness, has spurred job creation in the wind industry and a stable research environment for researchers. In this study, we compared the differences between methods of investigating employment statistics in Korea and those of other countries. We also proposed effective investment measures for the government by analyzing the investment effects according to value chain and types of organization.