• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.38-40
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• 1995

melandrin exhibited an analgesic activity as assessed by inhibition of writhing syndromein mice and by pressure method of inflamed paws of arts and inflamed tails of mmice, and showed a hypothermic effect. However, no anti-inflammatory activity was shown.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1981

Anti-infammatory, analgesic and ulcerogenic activities of fentiazac were investigated in comparison with those of acetylsalicylic acid, fenbufen, naproxen and phenylbutazone. On the anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenin-induced rat paw edema and the analgesic activity on writhing syndrome induced with acetic acid in mice, fentiazac displayed more potent effect than acetylsalicylic acid, fenbufen and pbenylbutazone. But the ulcerogenic action of fentiazac on gastrointestinal tract in fasting rats was less than that of reference drugs. From these investigation, fentiazac seemed to indicate a poor correlation between the extent of anti-inflammatory activity and ulcerogenic action.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

Botulinum toxin has been used for the treatment of many clinical disorders by producing temporary skeletal muscle relaxation. In pain management, botulinum toxin has demonstrated an analgesic effect by reducing muscular hyperactivity, but recent studies suggest this neurotoxin could have direct analgesic mechanisms different from its neuromuscular actions. At the moment, botulinum toxin is widely investigated and used in many painful diseases such as myofascial syndrome, headaches, arthritis, and neuropathic pain. Further studies are needed to understand the exact analgesic mechanisms, efficacy and complications of botulinum toxin in chronic pain disorders.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.715-723
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• 1999

Bee venom (BV) has been traditionally applied to relieve pain and to cure inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and neuritis. While several investigators have evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of BV treatment, the anti-nociceptive effect of BV treatment on inflammatory pain is not reported. Therefore, we decided to evaluate the analgesic effect of BV treatment using Freund's adjuvant induced chronic arthritis model. Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis has been used as an experimental animal model for RA in humans to assess the efficacy of the anti-inflammatory/analgesic drugs. In this study, subcutaneous BV treatment (1mg/kg/day) produced significantly reductions of symptoms related to arthritic pain (i.e. mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia). The anti-nociceptive effect of BV was observed from at least 12 days after BV treatment. Furthermore, BV treatment significantly suppressed adjuvant induced Fos expression in lumbar spinal cord. We also found that local injection of BV into near the inflammatory site (especially Zusanli-acupoint) showed more potent analgesic effect on arthritic pain rather than distant injection of BV from inflammatory site (arbitrary side of back). The present study demonstrates that BV treatment has anti-nociceptive effect on arthritis induced inflammatory pain. The analgesic effect of BV on RA is probably mediated by the effect of BV itself or possible other mechanism such as counter-irritation. Furthermore, it is possible that BV acupuncture is one of the promising candidates for long-term therapy of RA.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-29
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• 1993

Yenhwagamchotang has been widely used in treatment of inflammatory disease which is based on Oriental Medical literatures. These studies were attempted experimental effects of Yenhwagamchotang(sample A), Yenhwagamchotang plus Forsythia koreana NAKAI.(sample B), and Yenhwa-gamchotang plus Taraxacum mongolicum HAND- MAZZ(sample C),on the Anti-allergic reaction, the antipyretic action,the anti-inflammatory and the analgesic action,in rats. THe results of the studies were as follow: 1. Vascular permeability responses to intradermal serotonin in rats were showed significant effect at all sample groups. 2. The homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats provoked by the IgE-like antibody aganist egg white albumin showed the decreasing effect. 3. The delayed type hypersensitivity responses to picryl chloride in mice were showed significant effect at all sample groups. 4. The delayed type hypersensitivity response to sheep red blood cell in mice were showed significant effect at all sample groups. 5. In anti-pyretic effect by yeast method were showed significant effect at all sample groups. 6. The anti-inflammatory effect by carrageenin method were showed significant effect at all sample groups. 7. The analgesic action by acetic acid method in mice were showed significant effect at all sample groups. According to the above result, Yenhwagamchotang(sample A), Yenhwagamchotang plus Forsythia koreana NAKAI(sample B), AND yenhwagamchotang plus Taraxacum mongolicum HNAN- MAZZ.(sample C ) were concluded to have the anti-allergic reaction, the antipyretic action, the anti-inflammatory, the analgesic action.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 1983

The results of the comparison among the effect of 'Bingso-San' extract powder, 'Kamibingso-San' extract powder, separately extracted 'Bingso-San' extract powder and separately extracted 'Kamibingso-San" extract powder are as follows: 1) All prescriptions were tested for analgesic effects in mouse, having pain caused by acetic acid, and their voluntarinesses were recognized. And separately extracted 'Kamibingso-San' extract powder has the most effective analgesic function, then 'Kamibingso-San' extract powder, then 'Bingso-San' extract powder, then separately extracted 'Bingso-San' extract powder. 2) The anti-inflammatory effects of 'Bingso-San' extract powder and 'Kamibingso-San' extract powder on the edema at the rat paw showed significantly statistical value than those of the other prescriptions. 3) According to the above mentioned results it was concluded that the addition of Olibanum and Clematidis Radix strengthen the algesic effect of 'Bingso-San' and there is addition in the anti-inflammatory effect of the 'Bingso-San' extract powder.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.11-23
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• 2003

Objective: In this study, the analgesic effect of gold injection aqua-acupuncture on CFA induced arthritis in rats was inverstigated. Furthermore, to determine the antinociceptive mechanism of gold injection aqua-acupuncture, naloxone and yohimbine were administrated intraperitoneally 15min prior to the gold injection aqua-acupuncture. Methods: The experimental groups were divided into 6 groups. Control group, NSI, AMI, AMI+SL : AMI+Nx, AMI+Yb. Thereafter we measured the chages of TFL between control and experimental groups. Results: 1. The tail flick latency induced by CFA was significantly increased on AMI as compared with the NSI group. 2. Effect of sodium aurothiomalate aqua-acupuncture in TFL on CFA was decreased after application of naloxone. The anti-nociceptive effect of AMI was completely antagonized by naloxone(an opioid receptor antagonist). 3. Effect of sodium aurothiomalate aqua-acupuncture in TFL on CFA was decreased after application of yohimbine. The anti-nociceptive effect of AMI was completely antagonized by yohimbine(${\alpha}2$-adrenoceptor antagonist). Conclusions: According to the results, gold injection aqua-acupuncture has significant analgesic effects on adjuvant induced arthritis in rats and the effect of anti-nociception was mediated by opiodergic system and ${\alpha}2$-adrenergic system.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 1999

This study was investigated on anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity on Gu-Mi-Gang-Hwal-Tang which has been used for the treatment of common cold and headache, arthralgia, fever in oriental medicine. The anti-inflammatory activities of Gu-Mi-Gang-Hwal-Tang water extract (GMGHT) on the carrageenin induced edema, acetic acid induced edema, and corton oil induced granuloma pouch in rats were examined. The analgesic effect of the GMGHT was investigated utilizing acetic acid induced writhing syndrome in mice. The antipyretic activity of the GMGHT was also investigated. The oral administration of GMGHT has been shown the anti-inflammatory activities in 1% carrageenin and acetic acid induced edema in rats. The GMGHT has been shown significant inhibitory effects on glanuloma and exudate formation in rats, especially the GMGHT (450 mg/kg) has the efficacy more than the GMGHT (150 mg/kg). The writhing syndromes induced by acetic acid in mice were inhibited, especially analgesic activity of the GMGHT (450 mg/kg) is similar to that of piroxicam and antipyretic activities were recognized in rats. In the present study, the GMGHT is indicated to have the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2000

The root of Pseudostellaria heterophylla Pax et Hoffm. (Caryophyllaceae) is a herbal medicine called Taejasam(太子蔘) and used as a good tonic in China that strengthens the functions of the lung and the stomach like Ginseng in Korea. It has been known to have the antitussive activity for tuberculosis, appetizing effect and antifatigue activity, and so on. Especially it has been known to generate body fluids for the severe thirst and the shortage of water in body after a febrile disease for a long time. Recently some components of cyclic peptides, pseudostellarins A,B,C,D,E,F,G, that inhibit the activity of tyrosinase, were separated from this root. In this report several biological activities including acute toxicity, analgesic activity, antifatigue activity, bile juice increasing activity, hepatoprotective activity and antiinflammatory activity were investigated. These results showed as such; $LD_{50}$ of methanol extracts was above 10,000 mg/kg. The analgesic effect was revealed in the writhing test using rats. The BuOH fractions showed a prominent antifatigue effect against immobilized stress, significant hepatoprotective activities against $CCl_4$ intoxication and inhibitory effect on carrageenin-induced edema in rat's paw.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2007

Background: Anticonvulsants and antidepressants are adjuvant analgesic drugs that are used widely for treating chronic neuropathic pain syndromes. The combined analgesic effect of gabapentin and milnacipran was investigated with a rat neuropathic pain model. Methods: The rat neuropathic pain model was made by ligating the spinal nerves (L5 and L6). An intrathecal catheter was inserted into the subarachnoid space. Tactile allodynia was tested with the up-down method using von Frey hair. We determined the antiallodynic effect of intraperitoneal (I.P.) and intrathecal (I.T.) gabapentin. The combined effect of I.P. gabapentin (50 mg/kg) and milnacipran (0, 10 and 30 mg/kg) was investigated. Results: Intraperitoneal and intrathecal administration of gabapentin increased the threshold for tactile allodynia (the ED50 was 60.6 mg/kg and $45.5{\mu}g$, respectively). Co-administration of I.P. milnacipran increased the antiallodynic effect of I.P. gabapentin in a dose-dependent fashion. Conclusion: The combined administration of milnacipran and gabapentin may increase the total analgesic effect during treatment of neuropathic pain.