• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.126-131
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• 2023

In this study, the protein content and functional changes in soybeans cultured with Phellinus linteus HN00K9 were analyzed. P. linteus HN00K9 was cultured on soybeans. The crude protein content in soybeans cultured with HN00K9 (PMS) was 41.99%, which was higher than that in soybeans not cultured with the mushroom (UCS). The total free amino acid content in PMS increased to 39,963 mg/100 g, which was higher than that in UCS (36,817 mg/100 g). In particular, in PMS, glutamic acid accounted for 18.5% of the total amino acids at 7,413 mg/100 g. The total polyphenol content in PMS was 2.66 mg GAE/g, which was more than 45% higher than the amount in UCS (1.45 mg GAE/g). Additionally, PMS showed a DPPH radical scavenging activity of 33.3%, which was 3 times higher than that exhibited by UCS (11.5%), reflecting its high antioxidant content. Therefore, the PMS in this study has potential for use as a functional food material.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.751-759
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• 2023

Breast ultrasonography is difficult to image in fatty breasts and to find micro-calcification, but the discovery of micro-calcification is very important for breast cancer screening. Among the color Doppler artifact of ultrasound, twinkle artifact mainly occur on strong reflectors such as stones or calcification in images, and evaluation methods using them are clinically being used. In this study, we are conducting experiments on the color Doppler settings of ultrasound equipment, such as repetition frequency, ensemble, persist, wall filtering, smoothing, linear density, and dissociation value, by producing a breast simulation phantom using the largest amount of calcium phosphate among breast implants. The purpose of this study was to improve the contrast of twinkle artifact in breast ultrasound examinations and to maximize their use in clinical practice. As a result, the pulse repetition frequency occurred in the range of 3.6 kHz to 7.2 kHz, and did not occur above 10.5 kHz. For ensembles, twinkle artifact occurred in all sizes of calcification under low conditions, and in threshold settings, the twinkle artifact increased slightly only under 80 to 100 conditions, and did not occur in 1 mm size calcification. Persist, wall filter, smoothing, and line density settings did not have much meaning in the setting variable because conditions did not increase by condition, and pulse repetition frequency, ensemble, and thresholds had the greatest impact on the twinkling artifact image. This study is expected to help examiners select optimal conditions to effectively increase twinkle artifact by adjusting color Doppler settings.

• Clean Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.94-104
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• 2024

Remanufacturing re-commercializes a used product to achieve an equal or higher performance level than the original product by disassembling, cleaning, inspecting, repairing, reconditioning, and reassembling the used product. The remanufacturing industry is a key industry necessary to realize carbon neutrality by 2050. This study uses life cycle assessment to analyze the resource reduction and greenhouse gas reduction effects with and without considering the avoided effect for an injector, which is an automobile part that is actively being remanufactured. The results of this study showed that the resource reduction effect and greenhouse gas reduction effect induced by injector remanufacturing were reduced by 95.30% and 93.88%, respectively, based on one unit without considering the avoided effect. However, when considering the avoided effect, which in this case is the environmental impact of not disposing of the used injector and not having to use natural resources to manufacture a new injector because the used injector was reused during remanufacturing, the resource reduction effect and greenhouse gas reduction effect were 190.91% and 188.33%, respectively. The results of this study are expected to be used in the future to evaluate the amount of environmental impact reduction while considering the avoided effect during remanufacturing and to help develop research methodology for remanufacturing.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.424-431
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• 2009

This study investigates the difference of sound velocity (compressional wave velocity) between gas hydrate-bearing sediments and nongas hydrate-bearing sediments in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea. We use a dataset measured from one site in the central part of the Ulleung Basin. Sound velocity for gas hydrate-bearing sediment shows the range from 1600 m/s to 2200 m/s. However, the value for nongas hydrate-bearing sediment is mostly around 1500 m/s, being less than 1400 m/s below 140 m subbottom depth. This trend is probably due to the presence of free gas below BSR (Bottom Simulating Reflector). Gas hydrate-bearing sediments show high value (maximum 150 Ohm-m) of resistivity. The physical properties between gas hydrate-bearing sediment and nongas hydrate-bearing sediment are characterized by the different patterns due to the presence of gas hydrate in comparison with those of marine unconsolidated sediments. Therefore, in order to investigate acoustic and physical properties for gas hydrate-bearing sediments, the study for the occurrence type and the amount of gas hydrates should be conducted simultaneously.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.228-235
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• 1977

The yeast strain was isolated from food industry waste water and its identification and biological characteristics were investigated. The optimum condition for cultivations and its activities for the reduction of B.O.D. on the food industry waste water were also confirmed. The results are as follows; 1) The isolated was identified as Candida curvata. 2) Candida curvata grew well in all of the experimented media, so and it can be regarded as a useful strain in the treatment of food industry waste water. 3) There was only a slight difference in the induction period between sterilized cultivation and unsterilized cultivation. But in the ice cream waste water, the period was considerably longer in unsterilized cultivation. 4) Specific rate of growth of Candida curvata in sugar waste water was 0.50/hr, ice cream waste water 0.50/hr, and beer waste water 1.0/hr. 5) Increasing of innoculum reduced the induction period in unsterilized cultivation. 6) The amount of dried yeast from sugar waste water were $175mg/{\ell}$, ice cream waste water $628mg/{\ell}$, and beer waste water $857mg/{\ell}$. Crude protein content in the dried yeast from sugar waste water were 52%, ice cream waste water 54%, and beer waste water 54%. 7) The rate of BOD reduction in sugar waste water were 49%, ice cream waste water 80%, and beer waste water 64%.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.120-133
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• 2007

A multicast tree includes several, possibly a large number of, paths connecting source-receiver pairs, and network failure may disable part of the multicast tree. Reconstruction of the entire multicast tree to recover from a component failure is highly undesirable, because some group members have to suffer service disruptions even though the communication paths to/from them are not affected by the failure. To limit reconfiguration region and to maximize the likelihood of successful reconfiguration, we propose and evaluate a pre-planned reconfiguration policy for QoS multicast sessions. Specifically, we equip a reconfiguration path (RP) with each end-to-end path that connects a source-receiver pair in the multicast tree, and reserve resources in advance along the RPs. Efficient resource-sharing techniques are applied to reduce the amount of resources reserved for RPs but not used in the absence of failures. This way, we prevent uncontrolled competition among different multicast sessions which may simultaneously try to recover from failures. We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme using simulation on randomly-generated networks. We use the shortest-path routing for QoS multicast sessions, and simulate both source-based and shared multicast trees. The evaluation results indicates that successful pre-planned reconfiguration can be achieved for all group members with reasonable overhead. Our scheme is also shown to adapt well to dynamic changes of group membership.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.146-154
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• 2011

Korean contractors have been maintained sustainable growth since entering into overseas construction market for the first time in 1960' s. In 2010, Korean contractors ordered 761 billion (USD) from overseas markets. Especially, billion (USD) were earned by Korean contractors in overseas plant construction market which account for more than 80% of the total amount by Korean contractors. Nevertheless, many Korean contractors are suffering from lack of technological competitiveness and construction management skills in the design phase compared with global leading contractors. These conditions have directly effect on the success of projects in terms of cost, duration, and quality. So, this study focused on identifying the risk factors and developing risk priority method for the design phase of LNG plant projects whose market is expanding. Research procedures were conducted by the following three steps. First, total 57 risk factors were identified in design phase through extensive literature reviews and experts survey. Second, the authors developed risk priority method which are more suitable for design phase of LNG plant projects by using three criteria, Probability(P), Impact(I), and Coordination Index(CI). Finally, the suitability of risk priority method and practical applicability were verified through expert survey and interview. Consequently, if korean contractors use the suggested risk factors and priority method based on their own know-how and experiences, then more reasonable and rational risk management will be conducted in the design phase of LNG plant projects.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.437-445
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• 2004

In this paper. we describe a novel method for transforming audio contents according to user's preference on sound field. Sound field effect technologies. which transform or simulate acoustic environments as user's preference, are very important for enlarging the reality of acoustic scene. However huge amount of computational power is required to process sound field effect in real time. so it is hard to implement this functionality at the portable audio devices such as MP3 player. In this paper, we propose an efficient method for providing sound field effect to audio contents independent of terminal's computational power through processing this functionality at the server using user's sound field preference, which is transfered from terminal side. To describe sound field preference, user can use perceptual acoustic parameters as well as the URI address of room impulse response signal. In addition, a novel fast convolution method is presented to implement a sound field effect engine as a result of convoluting with a room impulse response signal at the realtime application. and verified to be applicable to real-time applications through experiments. To verify the evidence of benefit of proposed method we performed two subjective listening tests about sound field descrimitive ability and preference on sound field processed sounds. The results showed that the proposed sound field preference can be applicable to the public.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.490-495
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• 2005

Organic compost has been widely applied to the cropland because it has been thought as Environmentally Sound Agriculture (ESA) in Korea. However, many field researches have been done to investigate water quality impacts of organic compost uses, compared to those from chemical fertilizer applications. It was found that pollutant loads from organic compost applied croplands were higher than those from chemical fertilizer applied areas. However, there might be other unknown factors affecting the results since the experiments were performed at the outside fields. In this study, indoor rainfall experiments using the Norton rainfall simulator systems were done to minimize and exclude errors from unknown sources by controlling soil characteristics, rainfall amount, rainfall intensity, and fertilizer treatments. The amounts of surface runoff and groundwater percolated from 10% and 20% slope plots were measured and water quality samples were collected and analyzed for BOD, COD, and T-P. Flow weighted mean concentration (FWMC) values were computed to assess effects of different fertilizer treatments. It was found that average concentration values of BOD were 5.57 mg/L from chemical fertilizer treated plot and 8.08 mg/L from organic compost treated plots. For 10% slope, FWMC BOD values from organic compost treated plots were higher by 29.9% than those from chemical fertilizer treated plots. For 20% slope, FWMC BOD values from organic plots were higher by 38.8% than those from chemical fertilizer plots. FWMC BOD values for 20% slope plots were higher than those from those for 10% slope plots. The similar trends were found for COD and T-P. In Korea, excessive use of organic compost has caused extremely high levels of organic matter contents at the cropland. Organic compost are usually applied to the cropland to improve soil quality, while chemical fertilizer is applied to help crop growth. Since organic compost is very slow in releasing its nutrients to the soil, farmers usually apply excessive organic compost for immediate effects and maximum crop yields, which has been causing soil and water quality degradations. Therefore, thorough investigations for better nutrient management plans are needed to develop the ESA strategy in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1982

Composite soil samples from 236 sites representing paddy field, up-land, orchard and plastic film house were examined for organochlorine residues by GLC-ECD. Detection frequencies and residual levels of most persistent organochlorine residues in the soil samples were found to depend on the cropping practices. Highest organochlorine residues were found in orchard soils and followed, in decreasing order, plastic film house, up-land and paddy field soils. ${\alpha}-Endosulfan$, dieldrin, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT were responsible for the observed high organochlorine residues in the orchard soils. ${\alpha}-BHC$ and ${\gamma}-BHC$ were detected in all 236 soil samples. The mean residue levels of both BHC isomers were, however, remained fairly low. Residues of PCNB and ${\alpha}-endosulfan$ in native soils are reported, for the first time, in present work. PCNB was present in up-land plastic film house soils while ${\alpha}-endosulfan$ was found in all agricultural soils studied. High levels of p,p'-DDT and dieldrin were discussed in relation to crops cultivated, amount and duration of the pesticides usage. Need for continued observations on the persistent residue of pesticides in soils, already banned for general use, is emphasized.