• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.96-99
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• 2019

Atomic layer etching (ALE) is one of the most promising techniques in the semiconductor industry. Since ALE has to be precisely controlled on the angstrom scale to achieve ideal results, an in-situ analysis of the processes is highly required. In this regard, we found during ALE experiments with in-situ monitoring with an ellipsometer that changes in the substrate temperature affected the refractive index of a material, leading to changes in measured film thickness. In addition, more ideal ALE results could be achieved by keeping the substrate temperature constant.

• BMB Reports
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.292-296
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• 2006

DNA sequencing has resulted in an abundance of data on DNA sequences for various species. Hence, the characterization and comparison of sequences become more important but still difficult tasks. In this paper, we first give a 2-D ladderlike graphical representation for the characteristic sequences of a DNA sequence, and then construct a 3-component vector, in which the normalized ALE-indices extracted from such three 2-D graphs via D/D matrices are individual components, to characterize the DNA sequence. The examination of similarities/dissimilarities among sequences of the $\beta$-globin genes of different species illustrates the utility of the approach.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.166-178
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• 2007

The ALE specification of EPCglobal is leading the development of RFID standards, includes the Event Cycle Specification (ECSpec) describing how long a cycle is, how to filter RFID tag data and which reader is interested in. The ECSpec is a specification for filtering and collecting RFID tag data. It is registered to a middleware for long time and is evaluated to return results satisfying the requirements included in it. Thus, it is quite similar to the continuous query. It can be transformed into a continuous query as its predicate in WHERE clause is characterized by the long interval. Long intervals cause problems deteriorating insertion and search performance of existing query indices. In this paper, we propose a TLC-index as a new query index structure for long interval data. The TLC-index has hybrid structure that uses the cell construct of CQI-index with the virtual construct of VCR-index for partitioning long intervals. The TLC-index can reduce the storage cost and improve the insertion performance through decomposing long intervals into one or more cell constructs that have long size. It can also improve the search performance through decomposing short intervals into one or more virtual constructs that have short size enough to fit into those intervals.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.217-222
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• 2008

Based on a five-letter model of the 20 amino acids, we propose a new 2-D graphical representation of protein sequence. Then we transform the 2-D graphical representation into a numerical characterization that will facilitate quantitative comparisons of protein sequences. As an application, we construct the phylogenetic tree of 56 coronavirus spike proteins. The resulting tree agrees well with the established taxonomic groups.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11b
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• pp.19-21
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• 2005

EPCglobal은 RFID와 관련된 다양한 분야의 표준화를 주도하고 있으며 응용 표준으로써 Tag 정보의 운용을 위한 미들웨어 표준인 ALE Specification을 제시하였다. ALE의 ECSpec은 애플리케이션이 미들웨어에 등록하는 이벤트 필터링을 위한 스펙으로써 일정 시간동안 반복적으로 수행되는 연속 질의와 유사한 특성을 가진다. ECSpec을 연속질의로 변환할 때 해당질의의 WHERE절이 가지는 Predicate는 매우 긴 길이를 가지는 Long Interval이 된다. 이러한 특성은 기존의 질의 색인들의 삽입과 검색 성능을 저하시키는 문제점을 가진다. 이 논문에서는 ECSpec을 연속 질의의 형태로 변환하고 해당 질의가 기지는 Predicate인 2D Interval의 특성을 반영한 새로운 질의 색인 구조로써 TLC-Index를 제안한다. 색인 구조는 그리드 방식의 큰 크기를 가지는 셀 분할 구조와 선분 모양의 가상 분할 구조를 병행하는 하이브리드 구조이다. 색인에서 Long Interval의 정의는 셀 분할 구조의 길이보다. 크거나 같은 길이를 가지는 interval이다. 제안하는 색인은 Long Interval을 큰 크기를 가지는 셀 분할 구조로 분할 삽입함으로써 저장 공간의 소모를 줄이고 삽입 성능을 향상시킨다. 또한 Short Interval들을 짧은 길이를 가지는 가상 분할 구조들로 분할 삽입함으로써 그리드 방식이 가질 수 있는 부분적 겹침을 제거하여 검색 성능을 향상시킨다.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2000

The nutritional and health status of low-income alone-living elderly(ALE) was assessed in relation to the activity of daily living (ADL) and nutritional risk factors. One hundred and eighty five ALE over 65 years old, living in the Sungnam area, were interviewed in their homes through questionnaires. The results were as follows : 63.6% of the subjects considered themselves in poor the health and only 4.3% of them considered thermselves healthy. 89.7% of the subjects answered that they were suffering from illness and 29.7% were taking medication. The ADL was assessed through 10 checklist items and the average score of the ADL was $84.78{\pm}11.11$(maximum :100) The nutritional risk index(NRI) was evaluated by 12 risk factors and the average score of the NRI was $4.43{\pm}1.38$ (maximumː12) The scores of the ADL were positively correlated with the scored of the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)(r=0.7523, p<0.001) and negatively correlated with NRI(r= -0.2694, p<0.001) When subjects were divided into nutritionally high risk group(HNARI: TEX>$NRI{\geq}5$) and nutritionally low risk group(LNRI : NRI<5) according to the USA screening basis, 48.9% of the subjects belonged to the HNRI, But 16.9% of the HNRI and 34.4% of the LNRI belonged to the fourth quartile($Q_{0.75}$) of the ADL, the distribution of which showed significant differences(p<0.05) We suggest that the application of the ADL as a screening tool for nutrition intervention programs for the elderly. Oncemore, further research is needed to develop appropriate checklist items for the ADL and NRI along with the screening basis for the NRI 새 diagnose the adverse nutritional status of the Korean elderly.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.77 no.4
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• pp.441-461
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• 2021

Reinforced concrete (RC) columns are crucial in building structures and they are of higher vulnerability to terrorist threat than any other structural elements. Thus it is of great interest and necessity to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the possible responses of RC columns when exposed to high intensive blast loads. The primary objective of this study is to derive analytical formulas to assess vulnerability of RC columns using an advanced numerical modelling approach. This investigation is necessary as the effect of blast loads would be minimal to the RC structure if the explosive charge is located at the safe standoff distance from the main columns in the building and therefore minimizes the chance of disastrous collapse of the RC columns. In the current research, finite element model is developed for RC columns using LS-DYNA program that includes a comprehensive discussion of the material models, element formulation, boundary condition and loading methods. Numerical model is validated to aid in the study of RC column testing against the explosion field test results. Residual capacity of RC column is selected as damage criteria. Intensive investigations using Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) methodology are then implemented to evaluate the influence of scaled distance, column dimension, concrete and steel reinforcement properties and axial load index on the vulnerability of RC columns. The generated empirical formulae can be used by the designers to predict a damage degree of new column design when consider explosive loads. With an extensive knowledge on the vulnerability assessment of RC structures under blast explosion, advancement to the convention design of structural elements can be achieved to improve the column survivability, while reducing the lethality of explosive attack and in turn providing a safer environment for the public.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.299-307
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• 2006

The following results ale extended from P-injective rings to AP-injective rings: (1) R is left self-injective regular if and only if R is a right (resp. left) AP-injective ring such that for every finitely generated left R-module M, $_R(M/Z(M))$ is projective, where Z(M) is the left singular submodule of $_{R}M$; (2) if R is a left nonsingular left AP-injective ring such that every maximal left ideal of R is either injective or a two-sided ideal of R, then R is either left self-injective regular or strongly regular. In addition, we answer a question of Roger Yue Chi Ming [13] in the positive. Let R be a ring whose every simple singular left R-module is Y J-injective. If R is a right MI-ring whose every essential right ideal is an essential left ideal, then R is a left and right self-injective regular, left and right V-ring of bounded index.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institutes of Information Security and Cryptology Conference
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• 1995.11a
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• pp.163-172
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• 1995

In this paper, the bit-level 1-dimensionl systolic array for modular multiplication are designed. First of all, the parallel algorithms and data dependence graphs from Walter's Iwamura's methods based on Montgomery Algorithm for modular multiplication are derived and compared. Since Walter's method has the smaller computational index points in data dependence graph than Iwamura's, it is selected as the base algorithm. By the systematic procedure for systolic array design, four 1-dimensional systolic arrays ale obtained and then are evaluated by various criteria. Modifying the array derived from 〔0,1〕 projection direction by adding a control logic and serializing the communication paths of data A, optimal 1-dimensional systolic array is designed. It has constant I/O channels for modular expandable and is good for fault tolerance due to unidirectional paths. And so, it is suitable for RSA Cryptosystem which deals with the large size and many consecutive message blocks.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.29 no.4 s.235
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• pp.425-434
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• 2005

In order to analyze pulsating flows in elastic blood vessels, a method based on the ALE concept and finite volume method was reformed and modulated to include wall motion of elastic vessels and impedance phase angle(phase difference between wall motion and blood flow). Our study indicated wall shear rates(WSR) were significantly influenced by the wall motion and the impedance phase angle. For larger wall motion more than $5{\%},$ the computed WSR started to deviate from the results of the perturbation theory that assumed smaller wall motion. The study showed that oscillatory shear index increased as the impedance phase angle became more negative like $-70{\circ}\;or\;-80{\circ}$ due to reduced mean WSR and increased amplitude of WSR. This result indicated that hypertensive patients are more vulnerable to atherosclerosis than normal persons because of the role of more negative impedance phase angles usually observed in these patients.