• 제목/요약/키워드: AL-PRO

검색결과 90건 처리시간 0.024초

Life cycle analysis of concrete and asphalt used in road pavements

  • lvel, Jocelyn;Watson, Rachel;Abbassi, Bassim;Abu-Hamatteh, Ziad Salem
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.52-61
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    • 2020
  • The article examines the impact differences between producing concrete and asphalt. Both materials are widely used in the construction industry. Construction activities account for a large portion of greenhouse gases. Therefore, it is important to consider the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) to reduce environmental impacts. In this study, the material processes were inputted into an LCA program called SimaPro. The database used for the study was Ecoinvent as it is one of the major databases within SimaPro. The materials were compared against impacts per kg of material produced as the functional unit. Each process was created using the materials, energy and transportation required to produce the materials. Waste streams were also included in the process to determine the impacts after the product was done with its useful life. Using the ReCiPe method, an LCA was conducted. Midpoint and endpoint categories were examined for both the productions. The processes had similar results for the human health and ecosystems categories; however asphalt was marginally higher for both. Asphalt had exceeded concrete in the resource impact category by 100 mPt. The results indicate that concrete is the more sustainable building material. Determination of various impacts of the materials is important for material selection.

Increasing of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Expression in Human Patients Infected with Virulent Brucella in Iraq

  • Khudhur, Hasan R.;Menshed, Abbas Ali;Hasan, Ahmed Abbas
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제48권4호
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    • pp.569-573
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    • 2020
  • Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella infections and humans usually contract this disease from close contact with infected animals or their products, usually via the ingestion of cheese or crude milk. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines play an important role in susceptibility/resistance and the immunopathogenesis of Brucella infection. These cytokines are crucial factors in the initiation and progression of protective immunity against Brucella infection but the role of MIF has not been well studied in the human response to intracellular microbes. This study was designed to investigate the effect of MIF expression on Brucella susceptibility. A total of 85 positive rose Bengal tests and 24 samples from healthy individuals were collected for this study and subjected to polymerase chain reaction assays (PCR) of the bcsp31 diagnostic gene. MIF concentrations were evaluated using Enzyme-Linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the results showed that 46 (54%) of the rose Bengal test samples were positive and 39 (46%) were negative for bcsp31 (p ≤ 0.05) and used as the gold standard for all of the comparisons in this study. The ELISA results indicate that the mean concentration of MIF was significantly higher in patients with positive rose Bengal tests when compared to the control groups and that its concentration increases with increasing age in both the patient and control groups (p ≤ 0.05).

다이캐스팅용 고열전도도 Al-Zn-Mg-Fe 합금의 특성에 미치는 Zn 및 Mg 첨가량의 영향 (Effects of Zn and Mg Amounts on the Properties of High Thermal Conductivity Al-Zn-Mg-Fe Alloys for Die Casting)

  • 김기태;임영석;신제식;고세현;김정민
    • 한국주조공학회지
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.113-121
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    • 2013
  • The effects of Zn and Mg amounts on the solidification characteristics, microstructure, thermal conductivity and tensile strength of Al-Zn-Mg-Fe alloys were investigated for the development of high thermal conductivity aluminium alloys for die casting. Zn and Mg amounts in Al-Zn-Mg-Fe alloys had a little effect on the liquidus / solidus temperature, the latent heat for solidification and the fluidity of Al-Zn-Mg-Fe alloys. Thermo-physical modelling of Al-Zn-Mg-Fe alloys by JMatPro program showed $MgZn_2$, AlCuMgZn and Al3Fe phases on microstructure of their alloys. Increase of Zn and Mg amounts in Al-Zn-Mg-Fe alloys resulted in gradual reduction of the thermal conductivity of their alloys. Increase of Mg amounts in Al-2%Zn-Mg-Fe alloys had little effect on the tensile strength of their alloys, but increase of Mg amounts in Al-4%Zn-Mg-Fe alloys resulted in steep increase of the tensile strength of their alloys.

호알카리성 Bacillus sp. MB 809의 알카리성 아밀라제의 말단 아미노산 서열과 그 상동성 (Terminal Amino Acid Sequences of Alkaline Amylase from Alkalophilic Bacillus sp. MB 809 and Their Homology)

  • Moo, Bae;Kang, Kyung
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.175-178
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    • 1993
  • Alkaline .alpha.-amylase expressed in the transformant, Baciollus subtills MB809, containing alkaline amylase gene cloned from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. AL-8, was purified through for step separation processes. The purified alkaline .alpha.-amylase had molecular weight of app[roximately 59, 000 daltons on SDS-PAGE and Sephaex G-100 gel filtration. Amino acid sequence of terminal portion of the enzyme was analyzed with pure amylase eluted form the SDS-PAGE gel. N-terminal amino acid sequence of .alpha.-amylase was determined by the Edman degradation method and resulted in $NH_{2}$-ser-thr-ala-pro-ser-(ile)-lys-ala-gly-thr-(ile)-leu. For C-terminal amino acid sequencing, purified .alpha.-amylase was digested with carboxypuptidase A and B, and reverse-phase HPLC gradient elution system resulted in -thr-trp-pro-lys-COOH.

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다한테크의 시뮬레이션 툴 소개 (ICAP/4, Magnetics Designer, Solar Pro)

  • 문영제
    • 전력전자학회지
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.28-32
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    • 2008
  • Power Supply Designer는 부품설계, large-sign -al 시뮬레이션, feedback control design 그리고 소신호 해석 등 완전한 스위칭 전원공급장치(SMPS)의 설계를 위한 시뮬레이션 프로그램입니다. 또한 최종 정확도 모델링 기술을 사용한 전류-모드 시뮬레이션, CCM & DCM 컨버터 시뮬레이션, loop gain이 포함된 컨트롤 시스템의 해석, 필터 디자인 및 해석, 모든 주요 부품에 대한 파워손실 측정 및 스트레스 해석을 하기 위한 빠르고 순환적인 시뮬레이션과 시뮬레이션시 자주 발생하는 Convergence 에러를 최소화할 수 있는 Convergence 마법사 기능을 수행할 수 있습니다. Power Supply Designer는 ICAP/4 Power Delu -xe라는 시뮬레이터와 인덕터 및 트랜스포머를 설계할 수 있는 Magenetics Designer가 패키지로 구성이 되어 있는 제품입니다. Solar Pro는 일사량, 온도, 각 지역의 위치정보에 대한 데이터와 태양광모듈에 대한 데이터를 고려하여 그림자 분석, I-V계산, 발전량계산, 경제성분석을 제공하는 솔루션입니다. 또한 그림자의 궤적과 발전량을 계산하여 애니메이션으로 볼 수가 있고 경제성을 포함한 시스템 성능을 표시할 수 있기 때문에 태양광 설치 고객에게 태양광 발전 시스템 자체에 대한 이해와 설득력 있는 프리젠테이션을 할 수가 있습니다.

A319 알루미늄 합금 표면에 Al-36%Si 합금분말의 레이저 클래딩에 의한 내마모성 향상 (Laser Cladding with Al-36%Si Powder Paste on A319 Al Alloy Surface to Improve Wear Resistance)

  • 이형근
    • Journal of Welding and Joining
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    • 제35권2호
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    • pp.58-62
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    • 2017
  • A319 aluminum alloy containing 6.5% Si and 3.5% Cu as major alloying elements has been widely used in machinery parts because of its excellent castability and crack resistance. However it needs more wear resistance to extend its usage to the severe wear environments. It has been known that hyper-eutectic Al-Si alloy having more than 12.6% Si contains pro-eutectic Si particles, which give better wear resistance and lubrication characteristics than hypo-eutectic Al-Si alloy like A319 alloy. In this study, it was tried to clad hyper-eutectic Al-Si alloy on the surface of A319 alloy. In the experiments, Al-36%Si alloy powder was mixed with organic binder to make a fluidic paste. The paste was screen-printed on the A319 alloy surface, melted by pulsed Nd:YAG laser and alloyed with the A319 base alloy. As experimental parameters, the average laser power was changed to 111 W, 202 W and 280 W. With increasing the average laser power, the melting depth was changed to $142{\mu}m$, $205{\mu}m$ and $245{\mu}m$, and the dilution rate to 67.2 %, 72.4 % and 75.7 %, and the Si content in the cladding layer to 16.2 %, 14.6 % and 13.7 %, respectively. The cross-section of the cladding layer showed very fine eutectic microstructure even though it was hyper-eutectic Al-Si alloy. This seems to be due to the rapid solidification of the melted spot by single laser pulse. The average hardness for the three cladding layers was HV175, which was much higher than HV96 of A319 base alloy. From the block-on-roll wear tests, A319 alloy had a wear loss of 5.8 mg, but the three cladding layers had an average wear loss of 3.5 mg, which meant that an increase of 40 % in wear resistance was obtained by laser cladding.

반응결합 강화 알루미나세라믹스의 제조에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Fabrication of Reinforced Reaction Bonded Alumina Ceramics)

  • 김일수;강민수;박정현
    • 한국세라믹학회지
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.311-318
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    • 1998
  • The reaction bonded alumina ceramics with reinforced particles which have low shrinkage were pro-duced by blending of SiC or TiC or ZrO2 powders to the mixture of Al metal and Al2O3 powder. The powd-ers were attrition milled isostantically pressed and preheated tio 110$0^{\circ}C$ with a heating rate of $1.5^{\circ}C$/min The specimens were then sintered at the temperature range 1500 to 1$600^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours with a heating rate of 5$^{\circ}C$/min. The specimens showed 5-9% weight gain and 2-9% dimensional expansion through the complete oxidation of Al after preheating up to 11--$^{\circ}C$ the overall dimensional change of the specimens after the reaction sintering at 1500-1$600^{\circ}C$ was 6-12% The maximum densities were 92% theoretical. The fine grain-ed(average grain size :0.4 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) microstructure were observed in the specimen with ZrO2 and SiC. But the microstructure of specimen with TiC was relatively coarse.(average grain size : 2.1 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) The mullite phase was formed by the reaction of Al2O3 and SiO2 in a specimen with SiC. In the TiC contained specimen TiC was oxidized into TiO2 and finally reacted with Al2O3 to form Al2TiO5 during sintering.

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개량 Al-6.5Si 합금의 미세조직, 인장 및 충격 인성에 미치는 합금 원소 첨가의 영향 (Effect of Alloying Element Addition on the Microstructure, Tensile and Impact Toughness of the Modified Al-6.5Si Alloy)

  • 박태현;백민석;윤상일;김진평;이기안
    • 소성∙가공
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.135-143
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    • 2020
  • Low-cost alloying elements were added to a modified Al-6.5Si alloy and its microstructure, tensile and impact toughness properties were investigated. The alloying elements added were Mg, Zn, and Cu, and two kinds of alloy A (Mg:0.5, Zn:1, Cu:1.5 wt.%) and alloy B (Mg:2, Zn:1.5, Cu:2 wt.%) were prepared. In the as-cast Al-6.5Si alloys, Si phases were distributed at the dendrite interfaces, and Al2Cu, Mg2Si, Al6 (Fe,Mn) and Al5 (Fe,Mn)Si precipitates were also observed. The size and fraction of casting defects were measured to be higher for alloy A than for alloy B. The secondary dendrite arm spacing of alloy B was finer than that of alloy A. It was confirmed by the JMatPro S/W that the cooling rate of alloy B could be more rapid than alloy A. The alloy B had higher hardness and strength compared to the values of alloy A. However, the alloy A showed better impact toughness than alloy B. Based on the above results, the deformation mechanism of Al-6.5Si alloy and the improving method for mechanical properties were also discussed.

탄소강의 초석페라이트와 시멘타이트 구상화가 미끄럼마멸 거동에 미치는 영향 분석 (Effect of Pro-eutectoid Ferrite and Cementite-spheroidization on the Sliding Wear Resistance of Carbon Steels)

  • 허하리;권혁우;김명곤;김용석
    • 소성∙가공
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    • 제23권6호
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    • pp.345-350
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    • 2014
  • The current study elucidates the effects of cementite spheroidization and pro-eutectoid ferrite on the sliding wear resistance in medium carbon (0.45wt%C) and high carbon (1wt%C) steels. Both steels were initially heat treated to obtain a fully pearlite or ferrite + pearlite microstructure. Spheroidizing heat treatments were performed on both steels to spheroidize the pearlitic cementite. Sliding wear tests were conducted using a pin-on-disk wear tester with the steel specimens as the disk and an alumina ($Al_2O_3$) ball as the pin. The sliding wear tests were carried out at room temperature in air with humidity of $40{\pm}2%$. Adapted sliding distance and applied load was 300m and 100N, respectively. Sliding speed was 0.1m/s and the wear-track radius was 9 mm. Worn surfaces and cross-sections of the wear track were examined using an SEM. Micro Vickers hardness of the wear-track subsurface was measured as a function of depth from the worn surface. Hardness and sliding-wear resistance of both steel decreased with increased spheroidization of the cementite. The decrease was more significant in the fully pearlitic steel (1wt%C steel). The steel with the pro-eutectoid ferrite showed relatively higher wear resistance compared to the spheroidized pearlitic steel.

콩나물 제조중(製造中) 질소화합물(窒素化合物)의 변화(變化)와 그 영양학적(營養學的) 연구(硏究) - 제3보(第三報). 유리(遊離)아미노산의 조성변화(組成變化) - (Changes of Nitrogen Compounds and Nutritional Evaluation of Soybean Sprout - Part III. Changes of free amino acid composition -)

  • 양차범
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.101-104
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    • 1981
  • 콩나물질소화합물(窒素化合物)의 영양학적(營養學的) 평가(評價)를 위하여 제조과정별(製造過程別) 유리(遊離)아미노산의 조성변화(組成變化)로 자엽(子葉) 및 배유부(胚軸部)에서 조사(調査)하였다. 대부분(大部分)의 유리(遊離)아미노산은 콩나물 제조중(製造中)점차 증가(增加)되었고 특히 배유부(胚軸部)에서 더 큰 증가(增加)를 보이었다. Arginine, proline al methionine은 제조과정중(製造過程中) 배유부(胚軸部)에서는 나타나지 않았다. 총(總)아미노산에 대(對)한 배유부(胚軸部)아미노산의 함함비(含含比)는 대두(大部)에서 0.11% 이었으나 8일(日) 콩나물에서 8.8%로서 콩나물이 길어 짐에 따라 증가(增加)되었다. 콩나물제조중(製造中) 유리(遊離)아미노산의 변화(變化)는 Asp>His>Val>Ile>Thr>Ser>Lys>Tyr>Phe>Leu>Ala>Gly>Pro>Arg>Glu>Met 의 순(順)으로 증가(增加)되었다. 4일(日)콩나물에서 유리(遊離)아미노산의 함량(含量)은 Asp>Ser>Val>His>Ala>Ile>Lys>Thr>Arg>Leu>Glu>Phe>Tyr>Gly>Cys>Met>Pro의 순(順)이였다.

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