• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.11B
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• pp.698-706
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• 2005

In this paper, we investigate the parameters of the IEEE 802.11e MAC protocol, CWmin and AIFS, in terms of their capability of QoS control. The delay and the bandwidth performances are selected as the QoS medics to examine the characteristics of those parameters. A policy on MAC parameters usage, thereby, is proposed. We regard the MAC-level traffic classification as the differentiation in the channel accessibility, and thus the delay differentiation is referred to a main issue of the class-level QoS control. Realizing the tight relationship between the delay performance and the parameter AIFS, we derive an analytical expression of their relationship through an analysis of the MAC mechanism. Various simulations are examined which show the validity of our assertions, and a policy on the parameters usage is proposed based on those observations.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.326-334
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• 2019

Background: The objective of our study was to analyze the neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside derivatives Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rg1, and Rg3 against glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity in HT22 hippocampal mouse neuron cells. Methods: The neuroprotective effect of ginsenosides were evaluated by measuring cell viability. Protein expressions of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Bcl2, Bax, and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) were determined by Western blot analysis. The occurrence of apoptotic and death cells was determined by flow cytometry. Cellular level of $Ca^{2+}$ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were evaluated by image analysis using the fluorescent probes Fluor-3 and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, respectively. In vivo efficacy of neuroprotection was evaluated using the Mongolian gerbil of ischemic brain injury model. Result: Reduction of cell viability by glutamate (5 mM) was significantly suppressed by treatment with ginsenoside Rb2. Phosphorylation of MAPKs, Bax, and nuclear AIF was gradually increased by treatment with 5 mM of glutamate and decreased by co-treatment with Rb2. The occurrence of apoptotic cells was decreased by treatment with Rb2 ($25.7{\mu}M$). Cellular $Ca^{2+}$ and ROS levels were decreased in the presence of Rb2, and in vivo data indicated that Rb2 treatment (10 mg/kg) significantly diminished the number of degenerated neurons. Conclusion: Our results suggest that Rb2 possesses neuroprotective properties that suppress glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. The molecular mechanism of Rb2 is by suppressing the MAPKs activity and AIF translocation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.321-329
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• 2021

This study examined the growth inhibitory effect of the methanol fraction of maesil (Prunus mume) extract (MMF) on LNCaP, PC-3, and RC-58T human prostate cancer cell lines. Among these cell lines, LNCaP was the most sensitive to the inhibitory effects of MMF. Observation of the morphology and apoptotic body formation in the LNCaP cells revealed morphological changes, nuclear damage, and condensation in response to MMF treatment. The suppressive effect of MMF was related to the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, as indicated by increased expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, capase-3, capase-9, and PARP and decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Combined treatment with MMF and the AIF inhibitor N-phenylmalemide (N-PM) indicated that MMF treatment alone had a significant growth suppression effect. The involvement of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway was also confirmed by increased expression of AIF and Endo G. The growth suppression effect of MMF was also significant when compared to the effects of a combination of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and MMF. The reduced expression of PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR confirmed the involvement of the PI3K/Akt/ mTOR signaling pathway in regulating the anti-proliferative properties of MMF. In conclusion, the growth suppression effect of MMF in the LNCaP human prostate cancer cell line shows the possibility of using this natural product in functional foods.

• Nuclear industry
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• no.1_2 s.11
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• pp.44-52
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• 1983

미국의 원자력개발이 정체되고 있다고 하는데 그 진상은 어떠한가? 또, 증식로개발의 진전상황, 사용후 핵연료의 저장문제와 재처리문제, 나아가서는 인허가개혁상황과 원자로수출, 안전성토의는 어떻게 진행되고 있는가? 미국의 원자력산업에 관한 이들 중요문제에 대해서 AIF (미국원자력산업회의)가 최근 일반에게 발표한 $\lceil$원자력발전정보자료$\rfloor$를 소개한다.

• Nuclear industry
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• no.5_6 s.13
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• pp.65-66
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• 1983

미국원자력산업회의(AIF)는 최근 TMI원전사고후에 이루어진 개선에 관한 보고서를 작성하였다. 이에 따르면 $\lceil$미국내 원자력산업은 약 4년전의 TMI원전사고이후 크게 변하였다. 전력회사들은 원자력규제위원회(NRC)의 명령사항과 연방정부의 요구를 자주적으로 그 이상 실시하고 있다$\rfloor$고 한다. 다음은 동 보고서의 개요이다.

• Nuclear industry
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• no.3_4 s.12
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• pp.58-60
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• 1983

미국원자력산업회의(AIF)는 1982년도의 미국원자력계를 회고한 $\lceil$82년의 원자력산업$\rfoor$이란 보고서를 발표했다. 이에 따르면, 원자력산업은 경기침체로 인해 현재는 활발하지 않으나 방사성폐기물정책법이 의회를 통과하는 등 밝은 전망도 있으므로 원자력산업계는 앞으로 가일층 노력하여 80년대 중기를 제2의 원자력성장기로 만들어야 한다고 하고 있다. 다음은 동 보고서의 개요이다.

• Nuclear industry
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• v.7 no.1 s.47
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• pp.11-12
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• 1987

다음은 작년 11월에 개최됐던 미국원자력산업회의(AIF)의 1986년도 년차회의에서 현재 침체상태에 놓여있는 미국원자력산계의 장래전망에 대해서 각계 대표자들의 발언내용을 수록한 것이다. 발언자는 Morris Udall(상원의원), John Herrington(DOE 장관). John Urquhart(GE), Nunzio Palladino(전 NRC 위원장) 제씨이다.

• Nuclear industry
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• v.5 no.3 s.25
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• pp.62-63
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• 1985

미국원자력산업회의(AIF)가 최근 발표한 ${\ulcorner}$1984년의 미국원자력산업조사${\lrcorner}$는 미국원자력산업계의 부활 징조를 높이 선언하고 있다. 오랫동안 교착상태에 있었던 Diablo Canyon원전이 운개하였고, Shoreham, TMI-1호기 등도 해결되고 있는 등 미국원자력산업계는 침체에서 벗어나려고 하고 있다.

• BMB Reports
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• v.47 no.8
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• pp.424-432
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• 2014

The defining feature of Parkinson's disease is a progressive and selective demise of dopaminergic neurons. A recent report on Parkinson's disease animal model demonstrates that poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) dependent cell death, also named parthanatos, is accountable for selective dopaminergic neuronal loss. Parthanatos is a programmed necrotic cell death, characterized by PARP1 activation, apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) nuclear translocation, and large scale DNA fragmentation. Besides cell death regulation via interaction with AIF, PAR molecule mediates diverse cellular processes including genomic stability, cell division, transcription, epigenetic regulation, and stress granule formation. In this review, we will discuss the roles of PARP1 activation and PAR molecules in the pathological processes of Parkinson's disease. Potential interaction between PAR molecule and Parkinson's disease protein interactome are briefly introduced. Finally, we suggest promising points of therapeutic intervention in the pathological PAR signaling cascade to halt progression in Parkinson's disease.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2007

X-ray diffraction studies have been made to investigate the effects of binding of ADP, ADP+Vi, ADP+AIF4, $ADP+BeF_3$ on the structure of glycerinated rabbit skeletal muscle in the rigor state. Although these phosphate analogs are known to bind actively cycling myosin heads, it is not clear whether they can bind to the attached heads in the rigor muscle. We have found that these analogs can bind to the myosin heads attached to actin filaments in the rigor state. The present results indicate that (1) bound myosin heads altered their conformation in the proximal end toward the plane perpendicular to the fiber axis when MgADP bound to them, and (2) myosin heads were dissociated substantially (up to 50%) from actin filaments but still remained in the vicinity of actin filaments when MgADP and metallofluorides (AIF4 and BeF3) or vanadate bound to them. We detected new conformations of myosin heads attached to actin filaments when they had MgADP or ADP.Pi analogs. We report here these findings on the effects of MgADP and MgADP+phosphate analogs to the rigor crossbridges.