• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.490-504
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• 2021

The online market is gradually increasing due to the increase in single-person households, the development of information and communication technologies, the emergence of various new products, and price comparison competition. Companies need differentiation strategies to adapt to changes in the online environment and secure a competitive edge. In this environment, the objective is to consider the importance of consumer perception of websites in order to generate continuous growth and revenue in the online market as well as to differentiate them from competitors using an online service environment that can affect consumers' internal responses. In this study, we present aesthetic, functional, privacy, and interaction factors as components of e-servicescape to study the impact of e-servicescape on website trust, brand attitude, and repurchase intention. In the data analysis, 485 ordinary people with online shopping experience were surveyed. The questionnaire was based on a 7-point Likert scale for each question and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 25.0. The analysis shows that in e-servicescapes aesthetic and privacy factors influence website trust and brand attitudes and consequently affect repurchase intention.

• Korean Journal of Schizophrenia Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2021

Objectives: Social function deficit is known as a core feature of schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate differences in empathic tendencies and theory of mind (ToM) skills between healthy controls and young individuals with schizophrenia, and to examine the associations between empathic tendencies, ToM skills and schizotypy, and executive function in schizophrenia. Methods: Thirty patients with schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls were enrolled and assessed using the interpersonal relationship index (IRI; perspective taking, fantasy, empathic concern, and personal distress subscales), ToM-Picture Story Task (ToM-PST; sequence and cognitive questionnaire), Wisconsin schizotypy scale (revised physical anhedonia and perceptual aberration), and Stroop tests for empathic tendencies, ToM skills, schizotypy, and executive function. Results: In individuals with schizophrenia, the IRI for perspective taking and ToM-PST score for cognitive function were lower, and the IRI for personal distress was higher than those in healthy controls. The IRIs for perspective taking and fantasy were related to revised physical anhedonia, and that for empathic concern was associated with revised physical anhedonia and perceptual aberration. The ToM-PST score for sequence was associated with the Stroop test score for schizophrenia. Conclusion: These findings indicate deficits in empathic tendencies and ToM skills, which may be independently and primarily associated with schizotypy and executive function in young individuals with schizophrenia.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.519-531
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• 2023

With the aim of preventing safety accidents at construction sites, the company aims to create safe behaviors intended through variables called smart safety and health activities to help reduce industrial accidents. Purpose: It analyzes how smart safety and health activities affect accidents caused by unsafe behavior and changes in worker behavior, which is the root cause, and verifies the hypothesis that it helps prevent safety accidents and protect workers' lives. Method: Smart safety and health activities were selected as independent variables (X), and intended safety and anxiety, which are workers' behavioral intentions, were set as dependent variables (Y), attitude and subjective norms, and planned behavioral control as parameters (M). Exploratory factor analysis, discriminant validity analysis, and intensive validity analysis of safety and health activities were used to analyze the scale's reliability and validity. To verify the hypothesis of behavior change, the study was verified through Bayesian model analysis and MC simulation's probability density distribution. Result: It was found that workers who experienced smart safety and health activities at construction sites had the highest analysis of reducing unstable behavior and performing intended safety behavior. The research hypothesis that this will affect changes in worker behavior has been proven, the correlation between variables has been verified in the structural equation and path analysis of the research analysis, and it has been confirmed that smart safety and health activities can control and reduce worker instability. Conclusion: Smart safety and health activities are a very important item to prevent accidents and change workers' behavior at construction sites.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.331-341
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• 2023

When creating a soil contamination map using geostatistical techniques, there are various sources that can affect prediction errors. In this study, a grid-based soil contamination map was created from the sampling data of heavy metal concentrations in soil in abandoned mine areas using Ordinary Kriging. Five factors that were judged to affect the prediction error of the soil contamination map were selected, and the variation of the root mean squared error (RMSE) between the predicted value and the actual value was analyzed based on the Leave-one-out technique. Then, using a machine learning algorithm, derived the top three factors affecting the RMSE. As a result, it was analyzed that Variogram Model, Minimum Neighbors, and Anisotropy factors have the largest impact on RMSE in the Standard interpolation. For the variogram models, the Spherical model showed the lowest RMSE, while the Minimum Neighbors had the lowest value at 3 and then increased as the value increased. In the case of Anisotropy, it was found to be more appropriate not to consider anisotropy. In this study, through the combined use of geostatistics and machine learning, it was possible to create a highly reliable soil contamination map at the local scale, and to identify which factors have a significant impact when interpolating a small amount of soil heavy metal data.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.274-282
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• 2014

This study aimed to investigate the general characteristics of patients with acute cerebral infarction, the characteristics of its treatment and its correlation with stroke rating scale and to analyze the factors that affect patient's quality of life. The subject of this study was 576 patients who survived more than a year after they were diagnosed with cerebral infarction that occurred within 7 days and discharged from a study center. Their quality of life was investigated through phone interview. The average age of subjects was $65.8{\pm}12.4$ years old and male subjects took up 62% among all subjects. The mean of quality of life showed $0.77{\pm}0.29$. There was statistically significant difference in factors such as gender, age, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, stroke history and smoking. The result of multiple regression analysis showed the quality of life was lower in females than in males and it was significantly low in older subjects or those with stroke history. Also high stroke scale was related to significantly low quality of life. As such, hospitalized patients due to stroke should receive appropriate intervention during the hospitalization and after their discharge and the development of program is required to prevent relapse.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.713-718
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Studies have indicated that university students majoring in nutrition and dietetics or sport sciences may have more obsessions associated with eating attitudes and body shape perception compared to other disciplines i.e. social sciences. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and compare the risk of eating disorders and body shape perception. MATERIALS/METHODS: Data was collected from 773 undergraduate students at the Departments of Nutrition and Dietetics (NDD) (n = 254), Physical Education and Sports (PESD) (n = 263), and Social Sciences (SOC) (n = 256).A socio-demographic and personal information questionnaire, Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40), Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-34), Perceived Figure Rating Scale (FRS) were applied; and body weights and heights were measured. RESULTS: Mean EAT-40 scores showed that, both male and female students of PESD had the highest scores ($7.4{\pm}11.6$) compared with NDD ($14.3{\pm}8.3$) and SOC ($13.0{\pm}6.2$) (P < 0.05). According to EAT-40 classification, high risk in abnormal eating behavior was more in PESD (10.7%) compared to NDD (2.9%) and SOC (0.4%) students (P < 0.05). Students of PESD, who skipped meal, had higher tendency to the risk of eating disorders (P < 0.05). In parallel, body shape perception was found to be marked with higher scores in NDD ($72.0{\pm}28.7$) and PESD ($71.5{\pm}32.8$) compared with SOC ($64.2{\pm}27.5$) students (P < 0.05). Considering BSQ-34 classification, high concern (moderate and marked) for body shape were more in PESD (7.4 %) compared to NDD (5.2%) and SOC (1.9%) students (P < 0.05). The body size judgement via obtained by the FRS scale were generally correlated with BMI. The Body Mass Index levels were in normal range (Mean BMI: $21.9{\pm}2.8kg/m^2$) and generally consistent with FRS data. CONCLUSIONS: Tendency to the abnormal eating behavior and substantial body shape perception were higher in PESD students who have more concern on body shape and were not well-educated about nutrition. In conclusion, substantial concern on physical appearance might affect eating behavior disorders in PESD students.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.150-167
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• 1991

The intent of this longitudinal descriptive correlational study is to investigate the change of the mother - infant interactions over the periods of one month, three months and six months of the infant's age. This study is also intended to explore the interrelationships among three major factors- the perception of pregnancy, the mother -infant inter-action and the maternal attitude. The samples participated are 36 pairs of mother and infant from two university hospitals in Seoul. A data collection was made, from October in 1988 to September in 1989, for each subject at five periods of time ; prenatal period (after 36 weeks in pregnancy), postpartum two or three days, one month, three months and six months of infant's age. The research tools used in this investigation are Mother - Infant Play Interaction Scale (MIPIS), Prenatal Self- Evaluation Questionnaire and Cohler's Maternal Attitude Scale. Some of the findings are as follows ; 1. There is a significant increase in the mother - infant interaction from one month to three months and six months of infant's age. The highest score of the mother - infant interaction during three periods is at the time of three months. 2. The primipara's mother -infant interaction is not affected by the demographic characteristics, such as age, education and vocation of mother, types of delivery, or sex of infant. 3. Among seven categories of the perception of pregnancy, the most positively perceived categories by primiparas are acceptance of pregnancy and identification of. a motherhood role : whereas the negative ones are preparation for labor, concern for well -being of self and baby, md fear of pain, helplessness and loss of control in order of negativity. 4. There is no significant relationship between the perception of pregnancy and the mother - infant interactions. 5. There is no significant change in the maternal attitude over the period of one month, three months, and six months of infant's age. 6. There is no significant relationship between the maternal attitude and the mother - infant interactions. 7, The significant relationships are (end between the perception of pregnancy and maternal attitude, especially in the categories of concern for well -being of self and baby, accetance of pregnancy, identification of a motherhood role, fear of pain, helplessness and loss of control, and relationship with husband. In conclusion, it is confirmed that primipara's mother-infant interactions change over time period, and that perception of pregnancy and the maternal attitude do not affect the mother-infant interactions despite a significat relationship between those two variables. The implications of this investigation include a suggestion that nurses need to teach and demonstrate to mothers how to care for and interact with their infants, with a view to improving the mother-infant interactions which can be obtained through the improvement of maternal sensitivity to their infants.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.653-667
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• 2008

The hydraulic model test for the L-type Groynes with "ㄱ" shape were conducted to analyze flow characteristics around these groynes. The results of model tests should be used for the fundamental information to design the L-type Groyne constructed in the field. Main hydraulic factors such as the velocity and thalweg line changes in main channel and separation area were analyzed in this study. The thalweg line is stream line where the maximum velocity occurs, and the separation area is a boundary of main flow and recirculation zone. Model tests with 5 different arm-lengths of the L-type Groynes were conducted changing the velocity. The LSPIV(Large Scale Particle Image Velocimetry) technique was used to measure and analyze the flow variation around the L-type Groynes. The velocity in main channel was increased 1.5 times and there was no effects of different groyne arm-length on the velocity changes. The width of thalweg lines $(T_{CL})$ was changed to $55{\sim}58%$ of chanel width, and the Froude number did not affect on the thalweg line $(T_{CL})$ and separation line $(S_h)$ changes.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.465-473
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the desensitizing effects of a Nd:YAG laser (Sunlase, SUNRISE Technologies, Inc., USA) irradiation on cervically exposed hypersensitive dentine. 45 patients was irradiated with pulsed Nd:YAG laser (1.5 W, 20 Hz, 75 mJ/pulse, 4 minutes) as the experimental group, 27 patients was mock irradiated as the control group. The degree of sensitivity to the thermal and tactile stimuli were determined qualitatively with an evaporative stimulus defined as two times air blast at a distance of 3 mm from each site to be tested and with a mechanical stimulus as a slightly scratching the cervical site with a dental explorer. A qualitative registration of the degree of discomfort was determined according to a numerical pain scale(NPS) in an 11-point scale in which 0= "no pain" and 10="most excruciating pain imaginable". Recordings were assessed before treatment, immediately after, 1 and 2 weeks after treatment. Pain tolerance threshold and pulp vitality were evaluated with electric pulp tester before and immediately after treatment. 1. Desensitizing of hypersensitive dentine with Nd:YAG laser irradiation was more effective than that with mock irradiation. 2. The placebo effect of mock irradiation was recognized for severe sensitive teeth($NPS\;{\geqq}\;6$), but not for moderate sensitive teeth(NPS < 6). 3. Laser irradiation did not affect the pain tolerance threshold and pulp vitality of the hypersensitive teeth. 4. Desensitizing effect of laser irradiation for the hypersensitive teeth had been continuing at least 2 weeks. It was concluded that desensitizing of hypersensitive dentine with a Nd:YAG laser is effective and the maintenance of the positive result was more prolonged than the placebo effect.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.109-119
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• 2020

This retrospective study assessed the effectiveness and side effects of conscious sedation using chloral hydrate, hydroxyzine, and N₂O/O₂ in the sedation of 149 pediatric patients over 188 sedation sessions, and to identify associated variables. The effectiveness of the sedation was evaluated using the Houpt scale, and was considered effective for scale categories of excellent or good. Effectiveness and side effects were assessed every 15 minutes. The effectiveness decreased and side effects increased over time. The effectiveness of sedation during 60 minutes was 57.4%, and one or more side effects occurred in 18.1% of sessions. Effectiveness of sedation increased with body mass index (BMI). When patients were sedated at the beginning of the procedure, the effectiveness was greater. Side effects increased with patient age. When sedation was divided into two sessions, the number of sedation did not affect the effectiveness or side effects. It can be suggested that sedation should be performed over two separate sessions, as a single prolonged session may lead to reduced effectiveness and increased side effects. To maximize effectiveness and minimize side effects, several variables such as BMI, whether to sedate at the beginning of the procedure and age should be considered thoroughly before sedation.