• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2009

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has the great possibility of transforming the AEC industry. BIM will require increased information exchange and mutual collaboration between all stakeholders. BIM implementation and such increased collaboration can affect legal issues and contract provisions. And some legal issues accompanying BIM Implementation will be raised while a large change also comes in responsibility and role between all stakeholders. However, current standard agreement system is based on fragmented agreement between the architect and the owner, and between the owner and the contractor. Another legal obstacles and considerations associated with BIM implementation will be arose from BlM technology and use of BIM. AEC professionals in Korea have long utilized the standard agreement forms as well and look forward complementation of current standard agreement for BlM implementation. Such complement direction for the standard agreement will be examined by investigating the legal issues and overview comparison between AlA E202 and ConsensusDOCS 301.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.64-77
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• 2002

DR has had an important fact not only in the department of radiology but also in productivity or work efficiency of a whole hospital. The environment of DR has more various parameter than CR, so it is able to supply high quality of medical services. The current environment of radiology department in each hospital has been changed from Film-Screen system to DR through Full-PACS. This hospital which uses Full-PACS became to study the proper condition of CR and DDR and how the image quality of them is expressed among general photographing systems in the DR environment. From this experiment, the image quality of DDR is better than CR under the same exposure condition. And in the DDR system, the score of image which uses AEC is a little higher than the score which doesn't use it. Especially it can be known that the function of AEC of DDR is useful to improve the image quality in the part of skull and chest. (The function of AEC : It is the tool that detects the ionized current of x-ray which goes through objects with using the ion chamber which is in the detector. Also it controls the examination of X-ray when the proper density is reached.) Because the proper degree of density can be represented by this system, the photographing can be taken much easily without consideration of the exposure condition with the thickness of various objects. From the result of this experiment, it can be known that the selection of proper exposure condition plays an important rule to gain good Image Quality. More researches will be necessary about DDR system which has potential ability in the future.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.11b
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• pp.490-492
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• 1998

In this paper, fuzzy-PD control system is designed to control angle and position of the inverted pendulum. To optimize parameters of fuzzy-PD controller, we used adaptive evolutionary computation(AEC). AEC uses a Genetic A1gorithm(GA) and an Evolution Strategy(ES) in an adaptive manner in order to take merits of two different evolutionary computations.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.287-294
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• 2017

BIM technology has been used in the domestic AEC field since the middle 2000s. BIM has proved its worth in cutting-edge buildings, mega-buildings and freeform buildings in particular. Many freeform buildings could not be completed due to the low level of construction technique. However, many successful cases emerged after adopting digital technology, including BIM which encouraged architects to challenge freeform designs. The modeling software that can generate the freeform shape are not usually able to build the efficient BIM data type in the AEC industry. In this study a process model of the parametric freeform construction member generation and conversion to BIM data is shown and the prototype system is demonstrated.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.61-70
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• 2017

In this paper, an Ethernet equalizer that compensates for automotive temperature variations within a broad range is presented. Communications in automotive systems have become increasingly important because of the many electronics in vehicles. Ethernet protocols are a good candidate for automotive communications. However, they should satisfy the AEC-Q100 requirements that stipulate an operational temperature range from -40 to $150^{\circ}C$. This paper proposes an Ethernet equalizer that can recover data up until 100 m length of CAT-5 cable adaptively within a temperature range of -40 to $150^{\circ}C$. To support the wide temperature range, a feedback system is used. The proposed equalizer has a bandwidth of 31.25 MHz with a fully-differential structure and is implemented in a Hynix $0.13{\mu}m$ BCDMOS technology.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.154-163
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• 1989

This studies were designed to improve the productivity of L-lysine by protoplast fusion and immobilized system of fusants using strains of Brevibacterium flavum ATCC 21528, Brevibacterium lactofermentum ATCC 21086 and Corynebacterium glutamicum 820. Mutants were isolated with concentration method of $300{\mu}g/ml$ penicillin-G after treatment of $250{\mu}g/ml$ N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. B. flavum $37-2(Hos^-,\;Kan^r,\;AEC^r)$, B. lactofermentum $6-2(Ile^-,\;Val^-,\;Str^r,\;AEC^r)$ and C. glutamicum 57-5$(Met^-,\;Thr^-,\;Rif^r,\;AEC^r)$ were isolated from mutants. Protoplasts were induced by being incubated with $500{\mu}g/ml$ lysozyme of lysis solution for 6 hr and the ratio of protoplast formation and regeneration were ranging from 97-99% and 33-37%, respectively. Fusion frequencies of fusants of BBFL 21, BCFG 37 and BCLG 59 were shown in the range from $1.25{\times}10^{-6}\;to\;5.83{\times}10^{-7}$ under the optimum conditions. The fusant BBFL 21 showed the highest productivity of $411.1\;ng/ml{\cdot}hr$ L-lysine in the lysine productivity broth at $30^{\circ}C$ for 72hr. In the immobilization systems, fusant BBFL 21 was employed in various polymer matrices such as sodium alginate, polyacrylamide, agar and ${\alpha}-carrageena$. The immobilization of sodium alginate showed the highest productivity of $413\;ng/ml{\cdot}hr$ L-lysine in the batch system. Continuous fermentation of immobilization system by using tube fermentor was produced the highest productivity $416.7\;ng/ml{\cdot}hr $ L-lysine under optimum condition.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1991

Automatic exposure control systems are now readily available and widly used in radiography. A device that automatically determines the amount of radiation required to produce an acceptable level of film blackness is called a phototimer, or automatic exposure control. There are limitations in the use of phototimers ; however, equipment can be used much more effectively if one recognize these limitations, and the goal of obtaining a properly exposed, reproducible radiography can be achieved. We have some results in this experimental study. The variations of film density due to kVp are in propotion to below 80 kVp range. But indicate constant level above 80 kVp to 120 kVp. The characteristic density variation by phantom thickness shows the higher the thiner in exit type. AEC system have a density control that is designed to make adjustments increase or decreas the density 10% per step or 25% per step. The automatic exposure control circuits must meet the several regulations of the HEW. Some forms of technique chart is recomened for use of AEC.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.776-783
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• 2022

Since Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing(MEP) routing is a repetitive and experience-centered process that requires considerable time and human resources, if automated, design errors can be prevented and the previously required time and human resources can be reduced. Although research on automatic routing has been conducted in many industries, the MEP routing in AEC projects has yet to be identified due to the complexity of system configuration, distributed expertise, and various constraints. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the target subjects for MEP routing automation and the constraints of each subject. The MEP design checklist provided by a CM company and existing literature review were conducted, and target subjects and constraints were identified through process observation and in-depth expert interviews for five days by visiting a MEP design company. The target subjects were largely divided into six categories: air conditioning plumbing, air conditioning duct, restroom sanitary plumbing, heating plumbing, and diagram. The findings from interviews show that work reduction and error reduction has the greatest effect on air conditioning plumbing while the level of difficulty is the highest in air conditioning duct and restroom sanitary plumbing. Major constraints for each subject include preventing cold drafts on air conditioning pipes, deviation in ventilation volume in air conditioning ducts, routing order on restroom sanitary plumbing, and separation distance from the wall on heating plumbing. In this way, subjects and constraints identified in this study can be used for MEP automatic routing.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 2009

In this study, we have developed a fluorescence chromatographic assay for the quantification of total cholesterol in serum, which is a well-known risk predictor for cardiovascular diseases. The new assay system consists of a chromatographic strip in a cartridge, enzyme buffer containing cholesterol esterase, cholesterol oxidase, horseradish peroxidase, and color developer AEC, and a laser fluorescence scanner. The correlation coefficient (r) between cholesterol concentration and relative fluorescence units was 0.968 in the new assay, showing a reliable linearity through the tested range of cholesterol. Recovery test and comparability with a Hitachi 747 instrument showed 106.5-94% and r = 0.939 (p<0.001), respectively. The new assay system for cholesterol was developed as a pre-POCT platform conducted in clinics since it is fast (8 min) and uses a small volume of sample ($5\;{\mu}l$), and it may be applied for on-site diagnostics to replace expensive automated biochemical analyzer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.321-325
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• 2016

Dose creep is one of clinical errors that arises from the tester's inexperience or carelessness, and according to Task Group #116 of American Association of Physicists in Medicine, its continued occurrence is being reported in the digital method. At this point, the demand for an automatic exposure control device that minimizes the dose creep phenomenon and can improve reproducibility is increasing. In this study is to consider the automatic exposure control device sensor that can is not only easy to produce, but also reduce the dose creep phenomenon by conducting a research on high-efficient semiconductor sensor. As a result, the Intrinsic-type and PIN-type sensors have excellent optical property compared to Ref sensor, would have less shading effect, and have relatively low sensitivity, but would provide accurate feedback signals to automatic exposure control device with its consistent tendency according to exposure condition changes.