• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.162-168
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• 2013

Recently, there have been efforts in many countries to reduce social expenses and casualties resulting due to car accidents. As such, ASS (active safety systems) are being researched and developed to prevent accidents and target mitigation. Among many useful active safety systems, it has been reported that commercial AEBS (Advanced Emergency Braking System) effectively prevents accidents and reduces casualties simultaneously. Accordingly, it is necessary to set Korean AEBS standards, and this research analyzes international AEBS standards for this necessity. In addition to the evaluation methodology of AEBS ECE Regulation, this study suggests traffic scenarios that occur frequently in domestic road environments, and provides an evaluation system for AEBS of the scenarios. Finally, the performance and safety of AEBS are evaluated through field test.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2023

In recent years, the technology for autonomous driving has been advancing rapidly, ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) functions, which improve driver convenience and safety performance, are mostly equipped in recently released vehicles and range from level 0 to level 2 in autonomous driving technology. Among the various functions of ADAS, AEBS (Autonomous Emergency Braking System), which analyzes traffic accidents, is the most closely related to the vehicle's braking. This study developed a simulation technique for reproducing accidents related to AEBS based on real vehicle experimental data, and it was applied to the analysis of actual ADAS vehicle accidents to identify the causes of accidents.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.161-171
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• 2023

고령 운전자는 다른 연령대에 비해 사망사고 유발 가능성이 높다. 2021년 교통사고 통계에 따르면 고령 운전자 1만 명당 유발한 사망자수가 1.77로 30대 운전자 0.55에 비해 2.67배 높다. 본 연구는 자동긴급제동장치(Automatic Emergency Braking System, AEBS) 설치로 고령 운전자의 추돌사고 유발 가능성을 얼마나 낮출 수 있는지 파악하기 위해 시도되었다. 이를 위해 자동차보험 데이터를 활용하여 자동긴급제동장치가 장착한 차량이 그렇지 않은 차량에 비해 얼마나 추돌사고 발생률이 낮은지 통계적 기법으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 자동긴급제동장치를 장착한 차량과 그렇지 않은 차량의 교통사고 유발 오즈비가 0.75에 그쳐 사고감소 효과가 분명히 있는 것으로 나타났다. 성별로는 남성 운전자가 0.78로 여성 운전자 0.81에 비해 사고감소 효과가 컸다. 연령별로도 65세 이상의 오즈비가 0.76으로 분석되어 교통사고 감소 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 남성 고령운전자가 0.49로 감소효과가 가장 높았다. 향후 고령운전자를 대상으로 자동긴급제동장치 장착 차량을 운전할 경우 보험료 할인 등 혜택을 부여한다면 추돌사고를 예방하는데 도움이 될 것으로 보인다.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2021

In this paper, we proposes a study on the derivation of inspection factors for the periodic inspection of large buses equipped with AEBS and LDWS. we investigate the safety evaluation (NCAP) of domestic and foreign vehicles and safety standards for the two functions currently in operation and analyze the evaluation factors, measurement methods and evaluation scenarios and so on. In addition, the test scenario was derived by analyzing the vehicle safety evaluation data already held, Therefore, we use an real large bus and the inspection elements for the periodic inspection were derived.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 S-PRG 필러를 포함하는 치면열구전색제(BeautiSealant)의 법랑질 전단결합강도 및 미세누출을 평가함에 있다. 45개의 소구치를 실험대상으로 사용하였으며, 자가부식 프라이머 도포 후 BeautiSealant를 적용한 군(SEPBS), 인산 부식 후 BeautiSealant를 적용한 군(AEBS), 인산 부식 후 $Clinpro^{TM}$ sealant를 적용한 군(AECP)으로 나누어 실험하였다. 전단결합강도 측정을 위해 치면열구전색제 블록을 법랑질 표면에 적용하였고, 미세누출을 평가하기 위해 소구치의 소와열구에 치면열구전색제를 도포하였다. 전단결합강도와 관련하여 SEPBS군은 AEBS, AECP군에 비해 유의하게 낮은 값을 보였으나(p < 0.05), AEBS군과 AECP군 사이에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 존재하지 않았다. 미세누출과 관련하여 3군 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 존재하지 않았다.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

This study is a study on the development of AEBS test scenarios for traffic accidents in Korea, and was compared and analyzed using the Traffic Accident Analysis Program. To ensure the safety of passengers and pedestrians in traffic accidents, the number of cars equipped with ADAS is increasing rapidly at all car manufacturers in each country. For traffic accidents used in this study, the domestic traffic accident database (ACCC) produced by SAMSONG was used. Domestic traffic accidents differ from overseas traffic accidents in terms of road type, signal system, driver's seat location and number of vehicles. ACCC databases, which supplemented and reinforced these differences, built a database based on the PC-CRASH program. In the study, we analyze the types of accidents to develop comparative scenarios for each type of road and collision type of traffic accidents. When the road types of traffic accidents in Korea were divided into five types and the collision types were divided into six, it was confirmed that the most types of FRONT-SIDE crashes appeared at the intersection. It is expected that the frequency of possible traffic accidents and collision types can be predicted according to the road type in the accident database, we that it can be used as an AEBS test scenario development suitable for the domestic road environment.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2013

최근 교통사고 및 교통사고로 인한 사상자수의 감소를 위해 기존의 자동차에 각종센서나 통신기술 등의 첨단 ICT기술을 융합한 첨단안전자동차에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 중에 있다. 이러한 첨단안전자동차 기술의 시장진입 및 관련 기술 도입을 위해서는 자동차에 도입되는 첨단안전 기술에 대한 효과 분석에 따른 도입 타당성 평가가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 첨단안전자동차 기술 중 운전자지원시스템(ADAS: Advanced Driver Assistant System)을 대상으로 효과분석 방법론을 개발하고, 개발한 방법론을 차선이탈경고장치(LDWS: Lane Departure Warning System)와 자동비상제동장치(AEBS: Automatic Emergency Braking System)에 적용한 사례분석을 통해 사고감소효과를 추정하였다. 분석결과, 차선이탈경고장치는 관련 사고유형(정면충돌, 도로외이탈, 공작물추돌, 전도전복)에 대해 약 10~14%의 사고감소 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 자동비상제동장치는 추돌사고에 대하여 약 50%의 사고감소 효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 추후 첨단안전자동차 기술 개발에 따른 효과분석시 기초자료로 활용이 가능할 것이며, 운전자, 탑승자, 보행자를 위한 자동차 기술의 발전 및 기술도입 타당성을 제시하기 위한 근거 자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2013

This paper describes an algorithm for Advanced Emergency Braking(AEB) with tire-road friction coefficient estimation. The AEB is a system to avoid a collision or mitigate a collision impact by decelerating the car automatically when forward collision is imminent. Typical AEB system is operated by Time-to-collision(TTC), which considers only relative velocity and clearance from control vehicle to preceding vehicle. AEB operation by TTC has a limit that tire-road friction coefficient is not considered. In this paper, Tire-road friction coefficient is also considered to achieve more safe operation of AEB. Interacting Multiple Model method(IMM) is used for Tire-road friction coefficient estimation. The AEB algorithm consists of friction coefficient estimator and upper level controller and lower level controller. The numerical simulation has been conducted to demonstrate the control performance of the proposed AEB algorithm. The simulation study has been conducted with a closed-loop driver-controller-vehicle system using using MATLAB-Simulink software and CarSim Vehicle model.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2013

This paper presents a development of the Advanced Emergency Braking (AEB) Algorithm for passenger vehicles. The AEB is the system to slow the vehicle and mitigate the severity of an impact when a rear end collision probability is increased. To mitigate a rear end collision, the AEB comprises of a millimeter wave radar sensor, CCD camera and vehicle parameters of which are processed to judge the likelihood of a collision occurring. The main controller of the AEB algorithm is composed of the two control stage: upper and lower level controller. By using the collected obstacle information, the upper level controller of the main controller decides the control mode based not only on parametric division, but also on physical collision capability. The lower level controller determines warning level and braking level to maintain the longitudinal safety. To decide the braking level, Last Ponit To Brake and Steer (LPTB/LPTS) are compared with current driving statues. To demonstrate the control performance of the proposed AEBS algorithm's, closed-loop simulation of the AEBS was conducted by using the Matlab simlink and CarSim software.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.1168-1176
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• 2024

Objective: As a charismatic species, cashmere goats have rich genetic resources. In the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, there are three cashmere goat varieties named and approved by the state. These goats are renowned for their high cashmere production and superior cashmere quality. Therefore, it is vitally important to protect their genetic resources as they will serve as breeding material for developing new varieties in the future. Methods: Three breeds including Inner Mongolia cashmere goats (IMCG), Hanshan White cashmere goats (HS), and Ujimqin white cashmere goats (WZMQ) were studied. IMCG were of three types: Aerbas (AEBS), Erlangshan (ELS), and Alashan (ALS). Nine DNA samples were collected for each population, and they were genomically re-sequenced to obtain high-depth data. The genetic diversity parameters of each population were estimated to determine selection intensity. Principal component analysis, phylogenetic tree construction and genetic differentiation parameter estimation were performed to determine genetic relationships among populations. Results: Samples from the 45 individuals from the five goat populations were sequenced, and 30,601,671 raw single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained. Then, variant calling was conducted using the reference genome, and 17,214,526 SNPs were retained after quality control. Individual sequencing depth of individuals ranged from 21.13× to 46.18×, with an average of 28.5×. In the AEBS, locus polymorphism (79.28) and expected heterozygosity (0.2554) proportions were the lowest, and the homologous consistency ratio (0.1021) and average inbreeding coefficient (0.1348) were the highest, indicating that this population had strong selection intensity. Conversely, ALS and WZMQ selection intensity was relatively low. Genetic distance between HS and the other four populations was relatively high, and genetic exchange existed among the other four populations. Conclusion: The Inner Mongolia cashmere goat (AEBS type) population has a relatively high selection intensity and a low genetic diversity. The IMCG (ALS type) and WZMQ populations had relatively low selection intensity and high genetic diversity. The genetic distance between HS and the other four populations was relatively high, with a moderate degree of differentiation. Overall, these genetic variations provide a solid foundation for resource identification of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region cashmere goats in the future.