• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2001

The screening of various molecular descriptors for predicting carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic activities of chlorinated aliphatic compounds as drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs) has been investigated for the application of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). The present work embodies the study of relationship between molecular descriptors and toxicity parameters of the genotoxicity endpoints for the screening of relevant molecular descriptors. The toxicity Indices for 29 compounds constituting the testing set were computed by the PASS program and active values were chosen. We investigate feasibility of screening descriptors and of their applications among different genotoxic endpoints. The correlation to teratogenicity of all 29 compounds was significantly improved when the same analysis was done with 20 alkanes only without alkene compounds. The HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) energy and number of Cl parameters were dominantly contributed.

• 약학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2002

The elderly patients are the most frequent users of digoxin because of increased prevalence of the two primary indications for digoxin therapy, fibrillation (AE) and congestive heart failure (CHF). This study performed to observe a variation in digoxin pharamcokinetic parameters in advancing age and changing kidney function and to compare the measured clearance with the calculated clearance. The 123 drug monitoring records of inpatients who had achieved steady state concentration of digoxin at a tertiary hospital from April 1999 to October 2001 were reviewed. In advancing age, measured digoxin clearance, volume of distribution and creatinine clearance were reduced. Compared with the calculated digoxin clearance, the measured digoxin clearance was more reduced in patients without CHF Especially, in elderly patients without CHF the measured digoxin clearance was lower than the calculated digoxin clearance. In contrast to nonCHF patients the measured value was greater than the calculated value in all CHF patients. Findings from this study indicate that the calculated digoxin clearance in elderly patients without CHF substantially overestimated the true clearance. Thus, it appears that the use of calculated digoxin clearance to estimate serum digoxin concentration may result in underestimation of the true serum concentration in a number of elderly patients without CHF.

• 정보학연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.13-22
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• 1999

본 논문에서, 부분방전 메카니즘을 진단하고 그리고 신경망을 도입하여 수명을 예측하기 위한 기초연구로서, 온라인상에서 자동진단을 제안했다. 제안한 방법에서 우리는 음향방출 감지시스템과 그리고 펄스 수와 펄스진폭에 의해서 정량적인 통계파라메타를 사용하였다. 통계적인 파라메타인 가령, 무게중심(G)와 방전분포 경도(C)를 이용하였고 그리고 초기단계와 중기단계에 대해서 분석하였다. 정량적인 통계파라메타들은 신경망에 의해서 학습되어졌다. 초기단계에 의해서 수명예측과 절연열화의 진단이 이루어졌다. 열화가 진행하는 동안 신경망 학습을 통한 휼륭한 진단능력이 있음이 근본적으로 드러났고, 신경망이 부분방전에 있어서 절연진단 및 수명예측을 위해서 적절하다는 것이 증명되었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.220-223
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• 2006

이온교환 크로마토그래피에서 주요 변수로 샘플 투입량, 용출 NaCl 농도, 용출액 pH를 변화시켜 lysozyme 크로마토그라피 실험을 하였다. 그리고 Aspen Chromatography simulator를 이용하여 위의 변수 변화에 대한 모사된 크로마토그렘을 얻고 그 모사결과들을 실험 결과와 비교하였다. 용출 용액 NaCl의 농도가 높아질수록 단백질의 머무름 시간이 감소하며, 최대 피크의 높이가 높아졌다. pH가 증가함에 따라 최대 피크 높이가 증가하며, 분리 시간이 앞으로 이동하였다. 단백질의 주입량에 따라 분리 시간에 상관없이 최대 피크 높이만 비례적으로 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 그리고 실험을 통해 얻어진 결과와 시뮬레이션 결과의 비교를 통해 같은 경향을 보임을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 1997

For the effective administration of naloxone, we attempted to investigate the naloxone sustained-release implants. Using the biodegradable polymer, poly[(diethyl glutamate)-co-(ethyl glycinate)phosphazenes](PGGP), the implantable devices containing naloxone hydrochloride(NLX HCl) and naloxone base(NLX) were prepared. The release rates of NLX and NLX HCl were compared. Influences of NLX contents on release rates were examined. For pharmacokinetic studies, NLX and NLX HCl loaded devices were implanted subcutaneously in rabbits and then the plasma concentrations of NLX were determined by HPLC(ECD). NLX-containing devices were implanted with various doses and pharmacokinetic parameters according to dose were calculated. The relative bioavailabilities were evaluated and compared. Incorporation of NLX in the polymer leaded to a slow release. There were no differences of release rates based on drug contents. In pharmacokinetic parameters determined in 216 hours, NLX loaded devices resulted in enhanced bioavailability with the higher AUC (p<0.01) than NLX HCl loaded devices and MRT was significantly (p<0.05) increased. This result demonstrates that NLX is more suitable for sustained release devices than NLX HCl. Therefore it is anticipated that the effective concentrations of naloxone could be maintained for longer periods and bioavailabilities could be improved by naloxone sustained-release implants, with varying drug base/hydrochloride.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.688-706
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• 2024

Austenitic stainless steels (ASS) are extensively employed in various sectors such as nuclear, power, petrochemical, oil and gas because of their excellent structural strength and resistance to corrosion. SS304 and SS316 are the predominant choices for piping, pressure vessels, heat exchangers, nuclear reactor core components and support structures, but they are susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in chloride-rich environments. Over the course of several decades, extensive research efforts have been directed towards evaluating SCC using diverse methodologies and models, albeit some uncertainties persist regarding the precise progression of cracks. This review paper focuses on the application of Acoustic Emission Technique (AET) for assessing SCC damage mechanism by monitoring the dynamic acoustic emissions or inelastic stress waves generated during the initiation and propagation of cracks. AET serves as a valuable non-destructive technique (NDT) for in-service evaluation of the structural integrity within operational conditions and early detection of critical flaws. By leveraging the time domain and time-frequency domain techniques, various Acoustic Emission (AE) parameters can be characterized and correlated with the multi-stage crack damage phenomena. Further theories of the SCC mechanisms are elucidated, with a focus on both the dissolution-based and cleavage-based damage models. Through the comprehensive insights provided here, this review stands to contribute to an enhanced understanding of SCC damage in stainless steels and the potential AET application in nuclear industry.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제69권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2010

Background: Data comparing the clinical characteristics and outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP-COPD) and acute exacerbation (AECOPD) are very limited. Methods: Eighty episodes of hospitalization in 65 CAP-COPD patients, and 111 episodes of hospitalization in 82 AE-COPD patients were included in this study. The baseline characteristics, clinical presentations, potential bacterial pathogens and clinical outcomes in these patients were retrospectively reviewed and compared. Results: No significant differences were found between the two groups in parameters related to COPD and co-morbidities, except a higher rate of male among CAP-COPD patients. Clinical presentations by symptoms and laboratory findings on admission were significantly more severe in CAP-COPD patients, who showed higher rates of fever and crepitation, but less wheezing than AE-COPD patients. S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosae were the most common bacterial pathogens in both groups. With no difference in the overall hospital mortality between both groups, the mean length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the CAP-COPD patients than in AE-COPD patients (15.3 vs. 9.8 days, respectively, p<0.01). Additional analysis on CAP-COPD patients showed that systemic steroid use did not influence the length of hospital stay. Conclusion: Although there was no significant difference in bacterial pathogens and overall hospital mortality between the two groups, CAP-COPD patients had more severe clinical symptoms and laboratory findings at presentation, and longer hospital stay than AE-COPD patients.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze of the GRF (ground reaction force) parameters according to the change of positions and weights of bag during downward stairs between dominant and non-dominant in upper & lower limbs. To perform this study, participants were selected 9 healthy women (age: $21.40{\pm}0.94yrs$, height: $166.50{\pm}2.68cm$, body mass: $57.00{\pm}3.61kg$, BMI: $20.53{\pm}1.03kg/m^2$), divided into 2 carrying bag positions (dominant arm/R, non-dominant arm/L) and walked with 3 type of bag weights (0, 3, 5 kg) respectively. One force-plate was used to collect GRF (AMTI OR6-7) data at a sample rate of 1000 Hz. The variables analyzed were consisted of the medial-lateral GRF (Fx), anterior-posterior GRF (Fy), vertical GRF (Fz), impact loading rate and center of pressure (COPx, COPy, COP area, COPy posterior peak time) during downward stairs. 1) The Fx, Fy, Fz, COPx, and COP area of GRF were not statistically significant between dominant leg and non-dominant leg, but non-dominant leg, that is, showed the higher COPy, and showed higher impact loading rate than that dominant leg during downward stairs. 2) In bag wearing to non-dominant arm, Fx, Fz, COPx, COPy, impact loading rate and COP area showed increase tendency according to increase of bag weights. Also, against bag wearing to dominant arm, non-dominant showed different mechanism according to increase of bag weights. The Ground Reaction Force parameters showed different characteristics according to the positions and weights of bag during downward stairs between dominant and non-dominant arm.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of treadmill gait training on the functional characteristics and the temporal-distance parameters of gait in hemiplegic patients, as compared with conventional gait training. The subjects of this study were 32 hemiplegic patients who had been admitted or were visited out-patients at Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, from March 3 through April 25, 2003. These subjects were randomly divided into treadmill gait training group or conventional gait training group. We evaluated the gait ability, motor functions, muscle strength, spasticity, physiological cost index, and temporal-distance parameters. We analyzed the changes between pre and post training in each groups, and the difference between two groups. Temporal-distance parameters were obtained using the ink footprint method and then energy consumption using physiological cost index. The results were as follows: 1. After a six-week training, treadmill gait training group significantly improved, as. compared to pre-training, in gait ability, motor functions for the leg and trunk and gross function, muscle strength of the lower limb, gait speed, cadence, step length both on the affected and on the unaffected side, step length symmetry, and energy consumption(p<0.05). 2. After a six-week training, conventional gait training group significantly improved, as compared to pretraining, in gait ability, motor functions for the leg and trunk, muscle strength of the lower limb, spasticity the upper limb, gait speed, cadence, step length both on the affected and on the unaffected side, and energy consumption(p<0.05). 3. After a six-week training, the treadmill gait training group significantly improved, as compared to the conventional gait, training, in gait speed and step length on the unaffected side. These results show that treadmill gait training was improved gait speed and step length on the unaffected side of hemiplegic patients, as compared with conventional gait training. Further research is needed to confirm the generalization of these findings and to identify which hemiplegic patients might benefit from treadmill gait training.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권8호
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• pp.721-727
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Aralia elata, Acanthopanacis cortex and Ulmus davidiana water extracts on blood hemoglobin, $HbA_{1c}$, levels and biomarkers in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats divided into normal and diabetic groups. The diabetic groups subdivided into the control group (DM) and Araliaceae water extracts supplemented groups: Aralia elata (AE), Acanthopanacis cortex (AC) and Ulmus davidiana (UD). The extracts were supplemented in diet base on 11.42 g of raw Araliaceae/kg diet for 7 weeks. The diabetes was induced by injecting 572 (55 mg/kg B.W., i.p.) once 2 weeks before sacrifying. Relative weights of liver were significantly lowered in the DM group compared to the normal group, whereas those of kidney and heart were significantly increased in the DM group. Supplementation of the Araliaceae water extracts improved reduced liver weights in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Blood glucose level was significantly higher in the DM group than in the normal group, whereas insulin contents were significantly lowered in the DM groups. However, these parameters were normalized in the An, AC and UD supplemented groups, respectively. Blood hemoglobin and $HbA_{1c}$ levels were significantly higher in the DM group than in the normal group. When all of Araliaceae water extracts were supplemented to the diabetic rats lowered hemoglobin and $HbA_{1c}$ levels. Red blood cell, white blood cell and Lymphocyte were significantly higher in the DM group than in the normal group. The supplementation of Araliaceae family water extracts significantly lowered these parameters compared to the DM group. MCV, MCH contents were declined in the DM group, while the supplementation of Aralia elata, Acanthopanacis cortex and Ulmus davidiana water extracts elevated of these contents in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Accordingly, these results indicate that Aralia elata, Aeanthopanacis corex and Ulmus davidiana water extracts would seem to improve the blood biomarkers in STZ-induced diabetic rats.