• 제목/요약/키워드: ADP-sugar

검색결과 8건 처리시간 0.018초

Polymerization of ADP-Ribose Pyrophosphatase: Conversion Mechanism of $Mg^{2+}-Dependent$ ADP-Ribose Pyrophosphatase into $Mg^{2+}-Independent$ Form

  • Kim, Dae-Ki;Kim, Jong-Hyun;Song, Eun-Kyung;Han, Myung-Kwan;Kim, Jong-Suk
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
    • /
    • 제26권10호
    • /
    • pp.826-831
    • /
    • 2003
  • ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase (ADPRase) hydrolyzes ADP-ribose (ADPR) into AMP and ribose-5'-phosphate. It is classified into two groups, $Mg^{2+}$-dependent and $Mg^{2+}$-independent ADPRase, depending on its $Mg^{2+}$requirement. Here, we purified $Mg^{2+}$-dependent ADPRase from rabbit liver and examined what factors affect $Mg^{2+}$ requirement. The purified enzyme showed a single band with the molecular weight of 34 kDa on SDS-PAGE both in the presence and absence of 2-mercaptoethanol. The molecular weight of the native enzyme calculated by gel filtration was 68 kDa, indicating that ADPRase is a dimer made up of two identical subunits. $Mg^{2+}$-dependent ADPRase with the highest ADPR affinity had a $K_m$ of 160$\pm$10 $\mu$M and a pH optimum of around pH 9.5. Treatment of the purified ADPRase with heated cytosol fractions at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 3 h caused some changes in the chemical properties of the enzyme, including an increase in molecular weight, a decrease in solubility, and a loss of $Mg^{2+}$-dependency. The molecular weight of the cytosol-treated ADPRase measured by gel filtration was over 420 kDa, suggesting, for the first time, that ADPRase could be polymerized by undefined cytoplasmic factors, and that polymerization is accompanied by changes in the solubility and metal ion dependency of the enzyme.

Contrasting Correlation in the Inhibition Response of ADP-induced Platelet Aggregation and the Anti-coagulant Activities of Algal fucoidans Derived from Eisenia bicyclis and Undaria pinnatifida sporophylls (Mekabu)

  • Jeong, Eui-Sook;Yoon, Yeon-Hee;Kim, Jong-Ki
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    • /
    • 제12권3호
    • /
    • pp.194-202
    • /
    • 2009
  • Sulfated fucans are known to have both anti-thrombotic and anti-coagulant activities. In this study, the variation in platelet aggregation and anti-coagulant activities was investigated in vitro with regard to administered dose, molecular weight distribution, sulfate content, and sugar composition in two algal fucoidans from Eisenia bicyclis and Undaria pinnatifida sporophylls (Mekabu). The anti-coagulant activity largely correlated with sulfate content and with molecular weight distribution in a dose-dependent manner. However, both fucoidans demonstrated inhibitory responses to ADP-induced platelet aggregation in dose- and structure-dependent manners that contrasted with the anti-coagulant activity. Neither molecular weight distribution nor sulfate content greatly affected platelet-aggregation inhibition (PA-inhibition) by the fucoidan fractions, whereas anti-coagulant activity was sensitive to these structural factors. Interestingly, an E. bicyclis fucoidan fraction exhibited almost complete PA-inhibition at a treatment dose of 500 mg/mL while retaining weak anti-coagulant activity. In conclusion, these observations suggest that fucoidan may be a useful anti-thrombotic or anti-platelet agent in various arterial thrombotic disorders, including post-vascular intervention with controlled bleeding complications, due to its anti-coagulant modulating activity.

E3 ligase BRUTUS Is a Negative Regulator for the Cellular Energy Level and the Expression of Energy Metabolism-Related Genes Encoded by Two Organellar Genomes in Leaf Tissues

  • Choi, Bongsoo;Hyeon, Do Young;Lee, Juhun;Long, Terri A.;Hwang, Daehee;Hwang, Inhwan
    • Molecules and Cells
    • /
    • 제45권5호
    • /
    • pp.294-305
    • /
    • 2022
  • E3 ligase BRUTUS (BTS), a putative iron sensor, is expressed in both root and shoot tissues in seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana. The role of BTS in root tissues has been well established. However, its role in shoot tissues has been scarcely studied. Comparative transcriptome analysis with shoot and root tissues revealed that BTS is involved in regulating energy metabolism by modulating expression of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes in shoot tissues. Moreover, in shoot tissues of bts-1 plants, levels of ADP and ATP and the ratio of ADP/ATP were greatly increased with a concomitant decrease in levels of soluble sugar and starch. The decreased starch level in bts-1 shoot tissues was restored to the level of shoot tissues of wild-type plants upon vanadate treatment. Through this study, we expand the role of BTS to regulation of energy metabolism in the shoot in addition to its role of iron deficiency response in roots.

Saccharomyces uvarum의 배양시기에 따른 ALPase, ACPase, ATPase 활성도와 volutin과립 축적량 (Studies on the activities of ALPase, ACPase, ATPase and accumulation of volutin granules upon growth phase in saccharomyces uvarum)

  • 이기성;최영길
    • 미생물학회지
    • /
    • 제23권2호
    • /
    • pp.90-100
    • /
    • 1985
  • The present study was designed to investigate cellular regulation of phosphate metabolism between catabolically repressed and derepressed states in yeast (Saccharomyces uvarum). The activities of various phospatases and the contents of phosphate compounds were detected according to the culture phase and various phosphate concentrations. As the results, Saccharomyces uvarum derepressed many phosphate metabolizing enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and ATPase more than ten fold simultaneously during catabolic repression (phospgate and sugar starvation). At the same state, the amounts of orthophosphate, nucleotidic labile phosphate and acid soluble polypgosphate were increased, compared to basal levels of normally cultivated cells. $Mg^{++}-stimulated$ type among all phospatases was appeared to have most of the enzyme activity. It could be postulated that $K^+ -stimulated$ alkaline phosphatase was directly or indirectly correlated with the synthesis of acid insoluble polyphosphate $Mg^{++}-stimulated$ phosphatase with the degradation of polyphosphates. In case of cultivation in the medium supplemented with sugar and phosphate (catabolic derepression), phospgatase activities except for alkaline phosphatase were decreased rapidly through the progressive batch culture, After 12 hrs culture, at early exponential phase, the cellular accumulation of acid insoluble polyphosphate increased about 5 fold, compared to those of the starved cells. Under catabolic repression, it could be postulated that intracellular phosphate metabolism was regulated by derepressions of phosphatases. The function of polyphosphate system was shown to compensate the ATP/ADP system as phosphate donor and energy source especially during catabolic repression.

  • PDF

Saccharomyces uvarum의 인삼염첨가배양에 따른 ALPase, ACPase, ATPase 활성도와 volutin과립의 함량변화 (Studies on the Changes in Activities of ALPase, ACPase, ATPase and Synthesis of Volutin Granules upon Phosphate Concentration in Saccharomyces uvarum)

  • 이기성;최영길
    • 미생물학회지
    • /
    • 제23권2호
    • /
    • pp.84-89
    • /
    • 1985
  • 효모세포(Saccharomyces uvarum ATCC 9080)를 재료로, 무기인산의 농도(free, deficient, excess)를 달리 적용하여 배양하였을 경우, 세포내 무가폴리인산의 축적량, ortho-P, nucleotidic labile-P의 함량 및 ALPase, ACP Pase, ATPase의 활성도 변화을 관련지어. catabolic repression시킨 세포와 catabolic derepression시킨 세포의 인산대사 조절에 대한 무기인산 농도의 영향를 살피고자 하였다. 무기인산을 결핍시킨 배지에서 배양된 세포(PO)는 배지에 당을 첨가하면 분열속도는 늦지만 세포분열이 가능하고, 무기폴리인산 축적이 감소되었다. 인산의 첨가 농도에 관계없이 무기폴리인산 각형의 함량변화(전환)는 있었지만 총무기폴리인산의 함량은 거의 유사하였다. 정상배양세포에 비하여, 당은 공급되었지만 인산은 결핍시킨 배지에서 배양한 세포에서 ALPase, ACPase, ATPase의 활성도가 지속적으로 높았다. 무기인산 결핍배지에서 배양한 세포내에 존재하는 무기폴리인산계의 기능이 특히 당과 무기인산 결핍(catabolic repression)시기에 무기인산 공여체, 에너지원 및 regulator로 ATP/ADP system의 기능을 보상작용하는 것으로 나타났다.

  • PDF

상백피가 A549 폐암세포주의 세포사에 미치는 영향 (Pro-Apoptotic Effect of Mori Cortex Radicis in A549 Lung Cancer Cells)

  • 배오성;유영민;이선구
    • 동의생리병리학회지
    • /
    • 제19권6호
    • /
    • pp.1563-1567
    • /
    • 2005
  • Mori Cortex Radicis is distributed in Northwestern China, northern Asia, northern Europe, North America, and Korea. This extracts drops sugar in bloods and inhibits cyclic AMP phophodiesterase. In this study, we investigated whether Mori Cortex Radicis would cause apoptotic death of A549 lung cancer cells. To examine the apoptotic effect of Mori Cortex Radicis, cytotoxicity assay, DNA fragmentation analysis, caspase-3 activity assay, and Western blotting for caspase-3, caspase-9 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and cytochrome c were performed. Treatment of cells with Mori Cortex Radicis was shown to induce cell death in a dose-dependent manner. DNA fragmentation was made in response to Mori Cortex Radicis. The active fragments of caspase-3, caspase-9 and PARP were almost completely induced and cytochrome c was released following exposure to Mori Cortex Radicis. To elucidate the apoptotic mechanisms, RT-PCR and Western blot analyses for the expression of Bcl-2, Bu and Cox-2 were carried out. Treatment with Mori Cortex Radicis was expressed the reduction of Bcl-2 and Cox-2 and the induction of Bax. Especially p21 and p53 were increased prior to untreated control, while cyclin E and cyclin D1 decreased in the cytosol. These results suggest that the effect Mori Cortex Radicis is associated with the cell cycle arrest and pro-apoptotic cell death in A549 lung cancer cells.

약용식물을 첨가한 어간장의 품질특성 (Quality Characteristics of Soybean Anchovy Sauce Added with Medicinal Herbs)

  • 김영숙;염동민;노승배;김영희;정순경
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
    • /
    • 제15권3호
    • /
    • pp.367-376
    • /
    • 2008
  • 우리 식생활에서 기본 조미료의 하나인 한식간장에 기능성을 부여하고자 기존의 식염수 대신 멸치 발효액을 사용하고 약용식물인 삼백초와 어성초를 5%씩 첨가하여 4개월간 발효시켜 기능성 어간장을 제조하였다. 어간장의 특성을 조사한 결과 총질소 함량은 발효시간이 경과함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였는데, 어성초 첨가구가 가장 높은 값을 나타내었고 삼백초 첨가구는 대조구와 비슷한 값을 보였다. 총당 및 환원당의 함량은 어성초 첨가구가 가장 높았으며, 다음이 삼백초 첨가구, 대조구 순이었으며, 염도는 대조구보다 첨가구에서 낮게 나타났다. pH는 초기 pH 5.86에서 4개월 발효 후 대조구의 경우 pH 5.27로, 삼백초와 어성초 첨가구에서는 각각 pH 5.38, 5.54로 감소하였고, 산도는 발효 기간 동안 완만히 증가 하였으나 대조구와 약용식물 첨가구 사이에서는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 순고형물 함량은 약용식물 첨가구에서 약간 높은 수치를 보였다. 발효 중 총균수의 변화는 전반적으로 발효 3개월까지 증가하다가 그 이후 감소하였으며 약용식물을 첨가함으로써 총균수가 보다 낮아졌고 특히 어성초의 경우 미생물의 발육 억제 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 맛과 관련하여 단백질분해효소 활성도 및 핵산관련물질과 유리아미노산의 함량을 조사하였는데, 단백질분해효소 활성도는 대조구보다 약용식물 첨가구에서 활성이 약간 높게 나타났으며, 어성초 첨가구 보다는 삼백초 첨가구에서 활성이 높았다. 핵산관련물질로는 발효 4개월 후 ADP가 가장 많이 생성되었고, IMP는 발효 3개월째 생성되기 시작하여 삼백초 첨가구에서 10.6 mg%로 가장 많았고 어성초 첨가구는 6.81 mg%, 대조구는 5.32mg% 생성되었다. 유리아미노산 함량은 삼백초 첨가구가 177.1 mg%로 가장 높은 수치를 보였고 어성초 첨가구는 134.7 mg%로 대조구 171.2 mg%보다 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 그러나 맛난 맛 관련 아미노산인 glutamic acid와 aspartic acid의 함량은 삼백초와 어성초 첨가구가 각각 29.2, 34.3 mg%로 대조구 25.9 mg%보다 높게 나타났다. 기능성 어간장에 대해 ACE 저해능을 조사한 결과, 대조구와 삼백초 첨가구는 비슷한 값을 보이고 있으나 어성초 첨가구에서 는 매우 높게 나타났다. 관능검사에서는 맛, 향, 전체적인 기호도에서 어성초 첨가구가 가장 높게 평가되었고 그 다음 이 삼백초 첨가구로 나타나면서 약용식물의 첨가에 의해 거부감보다는 오히려 긍정적인 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서 상시 이용되는 기본 조미료로서 약용식물, 특히 어성초를 첨가한 어간장의 경우 간장자체의 기능은 물론 맛과 기능성에서도 우수함을 알 수 있었다.

가다랑어잔사를 이용한 어간장 제조 및 대미성분 (Processing and Taste Compounds of the Fish Sauce from Skipjack Scrap)

  • 이응호;이태헌;김진수;안창범
    • 한국수산과학회지
    • /
    • 제22권1호
    • /
    • pp.25-35
    • /
    • 1989
  • 수산물가공잔사를 효율적으로 이용하기 위한 일련의 연구로서 가다랑어잔사를 이용한 어간장을 제조하기 위 한 기초실험을 하였으며, 코오지 첨가에 의한 풍미개선 및 솔비톨, 젖산, 알코올 등의 첨가에 의한 어간장의 저염화를 시도하였고 아울러 숙성중 어간장의 정미성분도 분석하였다. 초퍼로 마쇄한 가다랑어두부에 대하여 가다랑어내장 $6.6\%$, 코오지 $26.7\%$, $25\%$ 식염수 $71.7\%$, 식염 $13.3\%$, 포도당 $7.6\%$를 첨가하여 혼합한 후 상온에서 90일간 숙성시켜 코오지첨가어간장 K를 제조하였고, 어간장 K의 제조시 첨가한 식염대신 솔비톨 $7.6\%$, 젖산 $0.3\%$, 알코올 $9.8\%$를 첨가하여 식염농도 $9.12\%$인 저염어간장 L을 제조하였다. 숙성중 어간장 K 및 L의 총유리아미노산함량은 증가하여 숙성 90일째 각각 3,307.7mg/100m1, 3,637.1mg/100m1이었으며 함량이 많은 유리아미노산으로는 glutamic acid, Iysine, valine, phenylalsnine, alanine, leucine 및 isoleucine등이었고 이들은 전체의 $60\%$ 이상을 차지하였으며, 총불휘발성유기산은 숙성중 증가하여 숙성 90일째 어간장 K는 1,002.1mg/100ml, L은 1,312.9mg/100ml였으며, 함량이 많은 불휘발성유기산으로는 lactic acid, succinic acid 및 pyroglutamic acid 등이었고 이들은 전체의 $90\%$이상을 차지하였다. 숙성중 핵산관련물질은 ADP, AMP, IMP는 감소하였으며, inosine과 hypoxanthine은 상대적으로 증가하여 숙성 90일째 hypoxanthine이 대부분을 차지하였다. 숙성중 어간장 K 및 L에 있어서 betaine은 감소하였으며 총 creatinine은 거의 변화가 없었고, TMAO는 감소한 반면 TMA는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 가다랑어잔사어간장의 제조시 코오지를 첨가함으로서 어간장의 풍미를 개선할 수 있었으며 총사입량에 대하여 솔비톨 $3.2\%$, 젖산 $0.3\%$, 에틸알코올을 $4\%$ 첨가함으로서 품질면에서 양호한 저염어간장을 제조할 수 있었다.

  • PDF