• 대한간호학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.197-210
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• 1988

The purposes of this study were : 1) to assess the level of pain and to identity the varieties and the degree of pain-related behavior, 2) to measure the level of correlation between the level of pain and the degree of pain- related behavior, 3) to test the correlation between the Korean Pain Rating Scale (KPRS) and Graphic Rating Scale(GRS), and 4) to gather data relevant to the Socio-demographic status of the subjects. The level of pain was measured by KPRS and GRS developed by the researchers. The KPRS consists of three dimensions ; the sensory, the affective and the miscellaneous and the GRS of two separate scales ; the intensity scale and the unpleasantness scale. Of the 2, 025 who had visited orthopedic and neurosurgical out-patients department of 11 university hospitals in various districts of Korea with the episode of Joint pain, 405 subjects were self-selected by responding to the data gathering tools and questionaires mailed. The results are summaried as follows : 1. Maale(217, 53.6%) exceeded female patients(188, 46.4%) in number and the onset of joint pain was more prevalent in the age groups of the 20s and the 30s. 160(39.5%) had been hospitalized for the treatment of, and 87(21.5%) had retired because of the joint pain. 2. Mean pain score measured by KPRS was 128.31 (range; 0-1.344.8) ; mean sensory score was 43.23(range ; 0-645.88%), mean affective score was 46.09(range ; 0- 356.72), and mean miscellaneous score was 39.99(range ; 0-341.68). Mean pain scores measured by GRS were ; sensory intensity score ; 109.1(range ; 0-200) and distress score ; 99.1 (range ; 0-200). 3. The prevalent sites of joint pain revealed to be the right knee joint(203; 50.1%), left knee joint(181(44.7%), left ilium(147, 36.3%), lumbar region (106; 26.2%), hip joint(92; 22.7%) and the ankle(84; 20.7%). 4. The average sleep hour was 6.8hours per day and the average rest hour during the day hours was 3.3hours (range 0-20). 5. The average duration of suffering from joint pain was 49.1 months. 6. Most of the subjects(298; 73.6%) used some sorts of pain relieving practices ; the most prevalent pain relieving practice was the compliance with the physician prescribed treatments(34.4%). 7. The level of discomfort in carrying out the ADL(activities of daily living was 101.16(38.83) and the level of needs for aid in carrying out the ADL was 76.62(31.79). 8. The interrelation between KPRS total score and GRS sensory intensity score(.4438), as well as that of GRS distress score(r＝.4446) were not highly correlated, however, sensory and affective dimension within KPRS (.7547) and pain intensity and distress score of GRS(.6975) revealed moderate intercorrelation. 9. Pain-related behaviors such as discomfort in carrying out ADL, the need for aids in carrying out ADL, frequency of pain relieving practices, varieties of pain sites and length of rest hours during the day hours revealed to be highly correlated with the level of pain measured by KPRS, GRS sensory intensity scale and GRS distress scale. The following are recommended ; 1. Test for the correlation of KPRS total score and the summated score of GRS ; sensory intensity and distress scores. 2. Possibilities of utilization of the pain-related behaviors which revealed high correlation as indirect assessment tool for measuring the level of pain.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.291-299
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• 2012

Purpose: This study examined the improved sensory, hand function, postural balance and activities of daily living (ADL) through somatosensory stimulation, such as the facilitation of functional reaching and tactile, proprioceptive stimulus of the upper limb (UL) and hand. Methods: Seventeen stroke patients having problems with motor and somatosensory deficits were selected in Bobath Memorial Hospital adult rehabilitation center. The patients were divided into two groups; the sensorimotor deficit group (SMDG) and motor deficit group (MDG). Somatosensory stimulation on the UL, physical therapy and occupational therapy were carried out three times a week over a six week these treatments were performed in both group period. To compare each group, the following assessment tools were used: such as tactile detection thresholds (TDT), two point discrimination on the affected side (TPDas), unaffected side (TPDus) stereognosis (ST) manual function test, hand function on the affected side (HFas) and unaffected side (HFus), Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS) and Korean version Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI). Results: In the SMDG, somatosensory stimulation on the UL was statistically important for TDT, TPDas, TPDus (except for the thener), ST, hand function on HFas, on HFus, PASS length of displacement with foam (LDFSEO), and K-MBI. In the MDG, somatosensory stimulation on the UL was important for TDT, TPDas, TPDus (except index finger) length of displacement with the eyes open, LDFSEO, HFas, HFus, PASS and K-MBI. In addition, there was a significant difference in the PASS between SMDG and MDG. Conclusion: Somatosensory stimulation on the UL affects the sensory, hand function, postural control and ADLs performance.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study compared the scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean version (MMSE-K) and Korean version Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MOCA), which assess cognitive function, the Fugl- Meyer Upper-Extremity Assessment (FMA), which assess the upper extremity function; and Modified Barthel Index (MBI), which that assesses activities of daily living among patients receiving inpatient treatment following a diagnosis of stroke to determine the correlations among MMSE-K, K-MOCA, FMA, and MBI. METHODS: The study assessed the cognitive function using the MMSE-K and K-MOCA, upper extremity function using FMA, and activities of daily living using MBI. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: An analysis of the differences in the MMSE-K, K-MOCA, MBI, and FMA scores according to the affected side, revealed differences in the, K-MOCA scores according to the affected side, where patients with right hemiplegia showed better cognitive function (p <.05). Correlation analysis among MMSE-K, K-MOCA, FMA, and MBI Showed significant correlations (p <.05). The results indicate that those with higher cognitive and upper extremity functions had higher performance of activities of daily living. CONCLUSION: The cognitive and upper extremity functions were correlated with the activities of daily living in stroke patients. Accordingly, applying physical therapy with a focus on improving the cognitive function and training activities of daily living could assist in the functional recovery of stroke patients significantly.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.772-781
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• 2012

In order to supply the reference data to define the quality of life of the rural agricultural elderly population in the simplified steps, the data were collected by personal visits to 232 elder people over 65 (89 males and 143 females) in Sunchang area. The survey was conducted with written questionnaires concerning the quality of life, health-related habits, basic physical functions and cognitive behavior. The prevalence of the degenerative diseases were assessed by anthropometric and biochemical determinations. The averaged overall quality of life represented by EQ-5D index with Nam's model was calculated to be $0.865{\pm}0.1509$, and the percentages of people below the average were 38% (low QOL group) and 62% (high QOL group) were found to be the above the average. Generally, the subjects with male gender, higher educational background, higher self-rated health status, higher social activities were belonged to the high QOL group. The high QOL group had higher scores of daily living activities KADL and IADL, and lower risks in cognitive functions K-MMSE and depression scale GDS. There was no statistically significant correlation between biochemical indexes of blood and cognitive function and EQ-5D scores when the results were adjusted for age and gender. There were significant differences in nutritional assessment determined by the MNA between the high and low QOL groups. The low QOL group showed inferior nutritional status. The rapidly measurable factors of the quality of life of rural elderly were turned out to be physical activity scores and the simplified nutritional status measurement.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.137-148
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate of practicum by using standardized patient(SP) for nursing assessment. Method: This study had 2 steps. The 1st-step was pre-intervention stage including selection of a learning title, formation of case scenario, training of SP and developing the evaluation tools for students' clinical competence to assessment, 6 categories 29 items. The 2nd-step consisted of intervention and evaluation stages. 34 nursing students divided 2 groups participated in assessing the SP. Evaluation of each group was performed by 2 nursing professors. All students recorded their feelings after assessing the SP. The SP also evaluated about nursing students' attitude toward the SP. Results: ICC(Interclass correlation coefficient) between 2 groups was over 0.7 all categories. Students' assessing score(range 0-1) was muscular-joint function status(0.41), nutritional status(0.39), history taking(0.38), IADL(0.18), ADL(0.15), and emotional status (0.07). The mean scores of the nursing students' attitude by SP was 4.03(range 1-6). Also most students showed positive reactions to the education using SP because they had the chance to experience what they could not practice in clinical setting. Conclusion: The evaluation tool revealed high reliability. Nursing students' clinical competence was below average. But they took a good attitude to SP. We recommended further research using SP with various disease.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.7-25
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• 2020

목적 : 본 연구는 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 한 이중과제 훈련(Dual-task training)의 효과를 알아본 연구들을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법 : NDSL, RISS, PubMed, CoChrane, EMBASE를 통해 지난 10년 간 국내외 학술지에 게재된 논문들을 검색하였고, 최종적으로 10개의 논문을 선정하였다. 이를 전통적 단일계층 근거 모형에 따른 질적평가를 시행하고, Comprehensive Meta Analysis 3.0 프로그램을 통해 메타분석을 시행하였다. 결과 : 선정된 10편의 논문의 질적 수준은 모두 전통적 단일계층 근거 모형의 I과 II에 해당되어 높은 편에 속했다. 이중과제 훈련을 구성하고 있는 운동과제로는 7편의 문헌에서 보행 또는 균형 과제를 선택했으며, 3편의 연구에서 상지운동 관련 과제를 선정하였다. 메타분석을 실시한 결과 일상생활활동 수행능력이 0.65, 인지기능이 0.64로 보통(medium) 효과크기로, 하지운동 기능과 상지운동 기능은 각각 0.34와 0.22로 작은(small) 효과크기를 보였다. 일상생활활동 수행능력과 인지기능의 효과크기만 통계학적으로 유의미하였다(p<0.05). 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 이중과제 훈련이 뇌졸중 환자의 일상생활활동 수행능력 및 인지기능 회복에 유용한 중재기법이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 이는 국내 임상 환경에서 뇌졸중 환자에게 적절한 중재방법을 선정할 때 도움이 될 만한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.648-667
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• 2002

This was a descriptive study designed to identify the level of coping method and its influencing factors on the family caregivers of demented patients, and resolve the family caregivers' level of stress. The data were collected from September 10 to October 10, 2001. Subjects for this study were recruited from four clinics, which were chosen from 15 clinics located in Chunbuk-Do as the study sites because of their cooperation for the study. They were similar in terms of size, the characteristics of the local community. and the population and registration status of the demented patients. The instruments used for the study were as follows: 1. Problematic behaviors of demented patients are measured by the Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist (Zarit, 1980), and the Linguistic Communication Symptoms Questionnaire (Bayles and Tomoeda, 1991) 2. The ability to carry out daily activities was measured using the Barthel Index (1965) and Katz Index (1963), which as well-known ADL assessment methods. 3. Burden was measured using Cost of Care Index by the Kosberg and Cairl (1986). 4. Coping strategy was measured Bell's 18 methods (1977). The data were analyzed using SPSS/PC. The study results were as follows: 1. The total stress score was 2.90 out of a maximum score of 5. The highest score reported was 3.09 on the dimension of restriction of individual and social activities, and the lowest region reported was 2.58 on the dimension of mental and physical health. 2. The total score of the coping method was 2.65 out of a maximum score of 5. The highest score reported was 4.01 on the dimension of thinking that includes an ideation such that it is better than any possible worst case, and the lowest score reported was 1.45 on the dimension of the self-image as a scapegoat. 3. There were significant differences in coping method among the subjects by age (F=2.752 p=0.04), caregiver (F=4.33 p=0.003), care-giving period (F=2.68 p=0.049), and dementia stage (F=2.87 p=0.034). 4. There were highly negative correlations ($\gamma$=-0.301 p=0.000) between problematic behaviors of demented patients and the coping method of their family caregivers. The highest correlation coefficient ($\gamma$=-0.339 p=0.000) was found between aggressive behaviors of the demented patients and the coping method of their family caregivers. 5. There was a low negative correlation ($\gamma$=-0.201 p=0.019) between the ADL of the demented patients and the coping method of their family caregivers. 6. There were highly negative correlations ($\gamma$=-0.213 p=0.005) between stress and the coping method of the family caregivers. The highest correlation was found between financial burden ($\gamma$=-.327 P=.000) and the coping method of the family caregivers. There was no significant correlation among unpleasant aspects of the demented patients, willingness to the demented patients, and the coping method of the family caregivers.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.228-249
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• 2018

In 2015, the population of elderly people in Thailand was 16% of the total population and is predicted to be over 20% by 2021 and nearly 28% by 2031. The increase of the elderly population in Thailand has also increased the proportion of dependent elderly people, and caring for them poses many challenges for both families and the government. This descriptive method research aimed to survey the health status of dependent older people in the rural community of Lampang province in northern Thailand. The participants consisted of 62 older people and 62 primary family caregivers from Hong Ha Health Promoting Hospital, Lampang, Thailand (totaling 124 people). The researchers assessed the health status of older people and their activities of daily living (ADL). In addition, researchers assessed the health status and stress of caregivers. All the participants were interviewed about their experiences with caregiving. The results showed that most of the older respondents were female with an average age of 78.15 years. Based on the ADL assessment, 50 of the 62 older persons were homebound while the rest were bedridden. The majority of older people had chronic or long-term conditions that required hospitalization from time to time. Their frequent health problems included oral disorders such as tooth decay or caries/gum disease/no teeth, reduced sight, psychological disorders, knee pain and risk of falling, low BMI, risk of malnutrition, and urinary leakage and incontinence (58.06%, 66.13%, 62.90%, 70.97%, 38.71%, 66.13%, and 37.10%, respectively). Usual care provided by the family members included personal hygiene care, food preparation and feeding, medication management, housekeeping and organizing necessary equipment, supply of needed equipment, prevention of falls, helping with travel for medical checkups and treatment, and providing companionship. Families experienced shortages of medical supplies, daily use equipment, lack of employment, inadequate income, and difficulty accessing health care services due to lack of transportation. Some caregivers experienced caregiving stress related to a lack of social interactions as well as routine caregiving activities. Families need different types of support in order to promote the well-being of older people and caregivers. This highlights the need for a community participation model for the care of older people in order to reflect sustainable long-term outcomes.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.187-202
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of adjusting leg length inequality(LLI) by chuna manual treatment for post-stroke hemiplegia. Methods : 39 patients with stroke-originated hemiplegia who had leg length inequality were included in this study. Chuna manual treatment at pelvic girdle was applied to 20 patients and they had been treated by general oriental rehabilitation therapy(test group). The other 19 patients had been treated by general oriental rehabilitation therapy only(control group). Outcomes were assessed by Modified Barthel Index(MBI), Berg Balance Scale(BBS), lower extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA) at the point of beginning and end of the study. Results : 1. In terms of activity of daily living(ADL), test group showed statistically meaningful differences compared to control group(p<0.05). In subacute group(onset had been past under 6 months), test group didn't showed statistically meaningful differences compared to control group. In chronic group(onset had been past over 6 months), test group didn't showed statistically meaningful differences compared to control group. 2. In terms of lower extremity function and balance, test group showed statistically meaningful differences compared to control group(p<0.05). In subacute group, test group didn't showed statistically meaningful differences compared to control group. In chronic group, test group showed statistically meaningful differences compared to control group(p<0.01). 3. In terms of lower extremity function of hemiplegic side, test group showed statistically meaningful differences compared to control group(p<0.05). In subacute group, test group didn't showed statistically meaningful differences compared to control group. In chronic group, test group showed statistically meaningful differences compared to control group(p<0.05). Coclusions : Adjusting LLI by chuna manual treatment is efficacious for rehabilitation of stroke-originated hemiplegia, in terms of ADL, balance and lower extremity function, and is especially efficacious for chronic patients.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.109-128
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• 2021

목적 : 본 연구는 타문화권에서 개발된 일상생활활동중심 작업기반 신경행동평가(A-ONE)를 국내 임상에서 사용할 수 있도록 한국판을 개발하고 한국 환자에게 적용하여 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 영문판 A-ONE을 한국어로 번역하고 문화적 차이를 검토하였다. 완성된 한국판을 13명의 작업치료학과 교수와 작업치료사에게 국내 적용 가능성을 확인받고, 뇌졸중 환자 42명을 대상으로 신뢰도와 타당성을 검증하였다. 결과 : 총 3개의 문항을 국내 문화에 알맞도록 수정한 결과, 한국판 A-ONE은 Index at the item level(I-CVI)=0.92-1.00을 보이며 평가 문항들이 국내 문화를 잘 대표하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. Functional Independence Measure(FIM)과 상관관계는 의사소통영역을 제외하고 r=0.52-0.77(p>0.01)로 높게 나타난 반면, Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment(LOTCA)와는 전반적으로 유의미한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 내적일치도는 기능적 독립성이 Cronbach's α=0.58-0.93, 신경행동손상이 α=0.42-0.93을 보였다. 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 기능적 독립성이 Intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)=0.79-1.00, 신경행동손상이 ICC=0.74-1.00으로 높은 수준을 보였다. 마지막으로, 검사자간 신뢰도는 기능적 독립성이 ICC=0.75-1.00, 신경행동손상이 ICC=0.72-1.00으로 높은 신뢰도를 보였다. 결론 : 한국판 A-ONE은 뇌졸중 환자의 일상생활활동 수행능력과 신경행동손상의 종류 및 손상정도를 평가하기 위해 국내 임상에서 사용될 수 있는 유용한 평가도구이다.