• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제14권11호
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2016

Purpose - Intense debate is occurring over support for farmers in Korea, specifically on the justification, policy design, and equality issues of the farm support programs. Given this debate, a new type of farm program in the US, a market flexible revenue program(the Average Crop Revenue Election, ACRE), is examined. ACRE stands in contrast to traditional programs that tie payments to price and have parameters that are fixed or change only infrequently. Research design, data, and methodology - Based on the ACRE program formulas, the potential payments are estimated by crop year, program crop and geographical area using the FSA acreage and payment rate data. Results - If all US farm program acres were in ACRE over the 2009-2013 crop years, payments would have totaled $7.95 billion or 1.2 percent of average market receipts for US crops. Enacting ACRE as a revenue program instead of a similarly-structured price-only program increased payments by $1.75 billion or 28 percent. Conclusions - Potential payments by ACRE largely reflected the distribution of the value of production across the program crops eligible for ACRE as well as across state geographical areas. If program parameters can be made acceptable and if data availability issues can be addressed, market flexible revenue programs offer a farm policy option that can address many of the concerns that have arisen over farm policy in Korea.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.14-27
• /
• 2011

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the effects of Acanthopanacis Cortex Radicis extract(ACRE) on the apoptosis in HeLa cell and MCF-7 cell. Methods: After treatment with various concentration of ACRE, cell growth was evaluated in HeLa cell and MCF-7 cell. Hoechst 33342 staining was performed to estimate DNA fragment effect of ACRE on the apoptosis in HeLa cell and MCF-7 cell. Annexin V/PI apoptosis assay was used to estimate the effects of ACRE on the early apoptosis in HeLa cell and MCF-7 cell. RT-PCR was used to estimate the apoptosis gene expression effect of ACRE on Hela cell MCF-7 cell. Results: Under $0.1mg/m\ell$ of ACRE, cytotoxic effect was not found per NIH3T3 cell. The viability of HeLa cell and MCF-7 cells was significantly decreased ACRE ($100{\mu}g/m\ell$) in HeLa cell and MCF-7 cell, ACRE ($50{\mu}g/m\ell$) in HeLa cell 3 days after treatment, in MCF-7 cell 1&3 days after treatment (p<0.01). DNA fragmentation was observed 3 days after treatment of cl of ACRE on HeLa cell and MCF-7 cell. In Annexin V/PI apoptosis assay, after treatment of $100{\mu}g/m\ell$ of ACRE, the early apoptotic cell increased both in HeLa cell and MCF-7 cell. In RT-PCR analysis, after treatment of $100{\mu}g/m\ell$ of ACRE, bcl-2 were decreased and bax, caspase-3 were increased both in HeLa cell and MCF-7 cell. Conclusions: ACRE appears to have considerable activity on the apoptosis in HeLa cell and MCF-7 cell.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.177-183
• /
• 2012

Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs)에 의해 유발되는 풋마름병은 감자 재배 시 발병하는 주요 병 중의 하나이다. 감자에서 풋마름병 저항성관련 유전자를 찾기 위해 기존에 기능이 알려진 다른 가지과 작물의 기능 유사 유전체를 이용하여 StACRE (HM749652) 유전자를 분리하고 염기서열을 분석하였다. 분리한 StACRE의 발현양상을 분석하기 위해 병 저항성 유도 신호전달 물질인 SA와 풋마름병원균 Rs (KACC10722)를 처리한 감자에서 RNA를 추출하여 RT-PCR을 실시한 결과 이 유전자는 SA 처리에 의해 3시간 후부터, Rs에 의해서는 12시간 후부터 발현이 현저하게 증가하였다. 따라서, 감자에서 이 유전자의 생물학적인 기능을 분석하기 위해 Gateway System을 이용하여 과발현용 vector를 만든 후 과발현 형질전환 감자를 제작하고 풋마름병균인 Rs를 접종하여 병 저항성 기능을 검정 한 결과 대조구인 수미 감자에 비해 병 저항성이 증대하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.571-582
• /
• 1994

Three livestock/crop demonstration-cum-training farms have been established on plots of half, one and two acres, typical of the "Kandyan Forest Garden System" Vegetables, bananas, pepper, coffee, coconut and fruit trees are widely spaced, for intercropping with grass, and have been surrounded with live fences that also provide fodder for livestock to increase the family income. Each unit is operated by a selected employee and his family under a monthly incentive scheme based upon the gross margin. On these farms the technical parameters in dairying are better than elsewhere in the Mid-Country. Economic performance over 1985-1992 showed that dairying contributed most to the total gross margin of the half, one and two acre units, i.e. 31, 63 and 69%, respectively. Next came crops (29%, 37% and 19%), poultry (22%, 0% and 9%), and goats (18%, 0% and 3%). In the three farms the cash income per Sri Lankan Rupee spent was 1.5, 4.6 and 2.1, respectively. The overall ratio was 3.2 for dairying, 1.1 for poultry, 4.5 for goats and 9.9 for crops. Actual family labour in the three farms was 548, 548 and 639 days, compared to the 270, 330 and 440 days anticipated in the initial feasibility study. The average incentive payments, which were 20% (half acre), 61% (one acre) and 133% (two acres) of the parastatal salary of the employee, were only insufficient for the extra labour applied in the half acre unit. Dairying and goats proved to be attractive cash earners with a domestic fuel were important benefits. Poultry did little to improve farm income.

• 식품보건융합연구
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.17-21
• /
• 2020

The response of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) pollination on canola yield with reference to most suitable number of bee hive need per unit area of crops in order to meet optimum pollination needs and better economic yields by comparing number of hives and yield components an experiment was conducted at Beekeeping and Hill Fruit Pests Research, Station Rawalpindi during 2017-18 in complete randomized block design with two sets of four treatments for comparison: 1 hive acre^-1, 2 hives acre^-1, 3 hives acre^-1 and 0 hive acre^-1. The hives were kept inside the experimental area. Parameters were assessed: pollination density, pollinator's diversity, agronomic and economic yield. In case of pollination density, the cumulative mean abundance bee species revealed that at 1200 hours, Apis mellifera was the most abundant and frequent visitor with a mean population of 8.69 bees/plant followed by A. dorsata (0.72), Syrphid fly (0.2) and other pollinators. Minimum bee population was observed during 1400 hours, mainly due to the closure of flowers and partially due to high temperature (>35℃). Pollinator diversity revealed that A. mellifera was the most dominant pollinator of Brassica crop with highest abundance (71%). A. dosata ranked 2^nd (16%) followed by A. florea (6%) respectively.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
• /
• pp.512-515
• /
• 2006

Forest stand height and volume are important indicators for management purpose as well as for the environmental analysis. Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) is backscattered over forest canopy and DSM can be acquired from such scattering characteristic, while National Elevation Dataset (NED) provides bare earth elevation data. The difference between SRTM and NED is estimated as tree height, and it is correlated with forest parameters, it is correlated with forest parameters, including average DBH, Trees per acre, net BF per acre, and total Net MBF. Especially, among them, net Board Foot(BF) per acre is the index that well represents forest volume. The Project site was Douglas-fir dominating plantation area in the western Washington an the northern Oregon in the U.S. This study shows a relationship of high correlation between the forest parameters and the product from SRTM, NED, and ETM+. This research performs multi regression analysis and regression tree algorithm, and can get more improved relationship between several parameters.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.172-180
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is classifying types of American ginseng and estimating their production cost and revenue by the types. Usually, the American ginseng can be classified as 4 different types; wild ginseng(WG), wild simulated ginseng(WSG), woods grown ginseng(WGG), and field cultivated ginseng(FCG). This paper estimates costs and benefits for FCG, WGG, and WSG per acre. The WGG & WSG are produced under the tree at mountain while the FCG is produced at large scale farm with machinery. Annual profit for the FCG is $2,222 while that of the WGG and the WSG are $2,759 and $3,799 per acre. Although quantity produced per acre for the WGG and WSG(600lbs and 160lbs) are much smaller than that of the FCG(3,000lbs), prices per pound for the WGG and WSG($125, 375$) are higher than that of the FCG($24). In addition, production costs for the WGG and WSG are lower than that of the FCG because of the costs for seeds, shadow facility, and chemicals are different by the types of production.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.427-431
• /
• 2006

Forest stand height and volume are important indicators for management purpose as well as for the environmental analysis. Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) is backscattered over forest canopy and DSM can be acquired from such scattering characteristic, while National Elevation Dataset (NED) provides bare earth elevation data. The difference between SRTM and NED is estimated as tree height, and it is correlated with forest parameters, it is correlated with forest parameters, including average DBH, Trees per acre, net BF per acre, and total Net MBF. Especially, among them, net Board Foot(BF) per acre is the index that well represents forest volume. The Project site was Douglas-fir dominating plantation area in the western Washington an the northern Oregon in the U.S. This study shows a relationship of high correlation between the forest parameters and the product from SRTM, NED, and ETM+. This research performs multi regression analysis and regression tree algorithm, and can get more improved relationship between several parameters.

• 수산경영론집
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.85-97
• /
• 1982

This study involves a blending of intensive and extensive shrimp culture techniques for a hypothetical shrimp farm which uses a combination of heated raceway nurseries and extensive grow-out ponds per year. The present value method of economic analysis is used to determine economic feasibility. The biological data in this reports were obtained from published or personal communications from leaders in the field of shrimp aquaculture. The proposed system showed economic feasibility using the present value method with discount rates of 10% and 12%. The most profitable scenario, the culture of three crops of Penaeus vannamei showed a 1.26 year payback period and 120% annual average rate of return. The breakeven price was ＄1.25/1b., which is ＄1.52 less than the market price of ＄2.77. Breakeven production was 724 1bs/acre, which is 8761bs. less than the assumed 1,600 1bs/acre. All other scenarios 1.2 and 3 crops for P. stylirostris and P. setiferus showed economic feasibility also.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.323-329
• /
• 1996

This paper is aims at studying the economics of scale of sweet potato cultivation. Sweet potato is one of the decreasing crop. Its cultivated areas has been decreasing more rapidly than soybean or corn. In this paper 23 farmers were surveyed, including 8 families with less than 1 ha, 7 families with 1-5 ha, and 8 families with more than 5 ha. The results are as follows; First, sweet potato cultivation is good for specialization, considering the high income per acre. Second, there is no good evidence explaining for the economy of scale of sweet potato cultivation, but there is an evidence for the profit of specialization. Large scale farmers have more incomes per acre, lather than more production or less management costs, by means of good sales methods. Third, mechanization of sweet potato cultivation is one of the key factor for successful large scale sweet potato cultivations.