• Food Science and Preservation
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.992-999
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the Bambusae Caulis in liquamen (BCL) on blood circulation in animal models. Previous studies on BCL have shown effects on thrombolytic activity and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. In the mouse model, the triglyceride content were 301.5 mg/dL in the high fat diet+BCL II 0.01% group, 289.2 mg/dL in the high fat diet+BCL II 0.05% group, which was significantly lower than the high fat diet group. The total cholesterol content was 311.9 mg/dL in high fat diet+BCL II 0.01% and 293.7 mg/dL in high fat diet+BCL II 0.01% 0.05%, respectively, which was significantly lower than the high fat diet group. The HDL-cholesterol level was 206.0 mg/dL for the high fat diet, 196.6 mg/dL for the high fat diet+BCL II, and 189.2 mg/dL for the high fat diet+BCL II. There was no significant difference between the 0.01% and 0.05% groups. The high-fat diet+0.05% group was significantly improved in the blood flow compare to the high fat diet and the high fat diet+0.01% group. Platelet aggregation inhibition ability was inhibited in the high fat diet+0.01% and 0.05% groups compared to the high fat diet group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.443-456
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• 2003

The lyophilization of the solution extracted from 60 percent of acetone applied to persimmon leaves, the compounding process in accordance with the solution's concentration, and the gel filteration through Sephadex G-50 of biologically activated substances obstructing enzyme activity, such as tyrosinase, xanthine oxidase, and angiotesin converting enzyme (ACE) led to the assumption that polyphenol was the compound serving as biologically activated substances obstructing enzyme activity. Xanthine oxidase involved in pruine metabolism oxidizes hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. In the continuous study for natural compound, nine flavan-3-ols have been isolated from the persimmon leaves. The structures of (+)-catechin, (+)-gallocatechin, procyanidin B-1, pyrocyanidin C-1, prodelphinidin B-3, gallocatechin-$(4{\alpha}{\rightarrow}8)$-catechin, procyanidin B-7-3-O-gallate, procyanidin C-1-3'-3'-3'-O-trigallate and (-)-epigallocatechin-$(4{\alpha}{\rightarrow}8)$-epigallocatechin-$(4{\alpha}{\rightarrow}8)$-catechin were established by NMR and their inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase activity was investigated. Procyanidin B-7-3-O-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin-$(4{\alpha}{\rightarrow}8)$-epigallocatechin-$(4{\alpha}{\rightarrow}8)$-catechin and procyanidin C-1-3'-3'-3'-O-trigallate showed 94%, 90.69%, 80.90% inhibition at $100\;({\mu})M$ and inhibited on the angiotensin converting enzyme respectively. Procyanidin B-7-3-O-gallate and procyanidin C-1-3'-3'-3'-O-trigallate showed 66%, 63% inhibition at $100\;({\mu})M$ and inhibited on the xanthine oxidase competitively. Procyanidin C-1-3'-3'-3'-O-trigallate showed 70% inhibition at $100\;({\mu})M$ and inhibited on the tyrosinase competitively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.775-779
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• 2002

Barley brans, divided into fractions I $(pearlers\;1{\sim}4)$, II $(pearlers\;5{\sim}20)$, and III $(pearlers \;21{\sim}24)$, germ, and broken kernels were collected as pearling by-products produced by an industrial process consisting of 24 consecutive barley pearlers. The pearling by-products were extracted with 75% ethanol, and polyphenol extracts were separated using Sepabeads SP-850 resin. Total polyphenol content was the highest (43.68%) in the polyphenol extract separated from fraction I. Polyphenol compounds analyzed by HPLC were tentatively identified as proanthocyanins and prodelphinidin polymers, which were known to have antioxidative and antimutagenic activities. Antioxidative abilities were estimated to be in the following order: fraction I>germ>fraction II>fraction III. At 0.01% polyphenol extract, angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity was the highest in the germ fraction (40.04%). Nitrite-scavenging activity was over 70% in all fractions. Superoxide dismutase-like activity was in the range of $64{\sim}78%$ in fractions I and II.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.468-473
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• 2014

Dendropanax morbifera (D. morbifera) grows in the southern coastal areas and on Jeju Island in Korea. In this study, D. morbifera leaf extract was investigated to determine the mechanism of its whitening effect. The inhibitory activities of the extract on melanogenesis were tested in B16 melanoma cells treated with the ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH). D. morbifera leaf extracts remarkably decreased the melanin content at 25 and $50{\mu}g/mL$. The extracts significantly inhibited the intracellular tyrosinase activity and protein expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2). In conclusion, D. morbifera leaf extracts would show a whitening effect by inhibiting intracellular tyrosinase activities and the expression of enzymes directly involved in the melanin biosynthesis. The results indicate that fractions of D. morbifera leaf extracts show potential for application as a whitening agent in the new whitening cosmetics.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.570-576
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• 2014

Palmitoyl tripeptide (M330) showed higher antimicrobial activities than methyl paraben or phenoxy ethanol through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. However, when the M330 was added into cosmetic formulation, white precipitates formed due to the electrostatic interaction between M330 and carbopol (carboxy vinyl polymer) as a thickener in cosmetics, and the viscosity of cosmetics decreased sharply. Also, the antimicrobial activities of M330 in cosmetics became lower than those of methyl paraben or phenoxy ethanol. Thus, the encapsulation of M330 in ethosome vesicle was attempted in order to recover the declined antimicrobial activities of M330 in cosmetics and prevent the precipitates from forming. When ethosome-encapsulated M330 was added into cosmetics, the precipitates did not form, and the decrease in the viscosity of cosmetics was not large compared to the addition of unencapsulated M330. Challenge tests showed that antimicrobial activities against gram negative bacteria were improved by the encapsulation of M330, but the encapsulation was not effective against gram positive bacteria and fungus. A combination of M330 with EDTA showed synergistic inhibitory potential against C. albicans. After coencapsulation of M330 and EDTA in ethosome, antimicrobial activities proved to be higher than those of unencapsulated M330 and EDTA.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.329-335
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• 1999

The yield of oleoresin content and functionality of fresh garlic were compared according to varying extraction conditions by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and conventional extraction (CE) methods. When different extracting conditions were applied, there was no significant difference of extraction methods in the oleoresin content. However, in the case of the CE, the optimum extraction time was two hours, while the other was about five minutes which meant that the extraction time was shortened drastically. The electron donating abilities showed a similar level which was 64% by both methods, using water. And, in the case of ethanol extraction, it resulted 63% and 51% by CE and MAE, respectively. The nitrite scavenging effect diminished while pH was increasing and especially, in the case of pH 1.2, it showed a high elimination effect of more than 90%. There was no difference of extraction methods. The tyrosinase inhibitory effect was 47% and 60% by CE and MAE, respectively in the case of the water extract. The ethanol extract showed similar or a slight lower inhibition of 45% and 39%. The angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory effect showed more powerful activity in the case of MAE extract than CE extract, but there was not an increase relating to reaction time of enzyme. Also, pyruvic acid content was $44.8\;and\;36.0{\mu}moles$ per one gram of a garlic by CE and MAE, respectively when water was used, and was $28.6\;and\;32.0{\mu}moles$ by CE and MAE when ethanol was used. Again, there was no big difference between CE and MAE methods.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2012

Physiological properties of $Corni$ $fructus$ extracts were investigated. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of 90% ethanol extracts had shown 97.20% at 25 mL/g, which was highest in the all extracts. Total polyphenol content of 30% ethanol extracts had shown 140.01mg% at 25 mL/g, which was highest in the all extracts. The polyphenol contents increased as extract concentration rose (25 mL/g>50 mL/g>100 mL/g). Tyrosinase inhibitory effects of all samples were 23.96~88.71%, expecially, the highest at 60% ethanol extracts of 25 mL/g. Nitrite-scavenging abilities under acidic conditions (pH 1.2) were the most effective in all extracts. The results would be useful for understanding of the physiological properties of $Corni$ $fructus$ extracts.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2010

The goal of this study was to characterize the quality and physiological functionality of some traditional rice wines in Chungnam province, Korea. Non-sterilized and commercial sterilized traditional rice wines from five traditional rice wine factories of Chungnam province were collected and investigated for nutritional components, noxious compounds and physiological functionality. Ethanol content ranged from 16.1~18.3% and pH ranged from 3.27~4.76, and they also contained 0.15% to 0.55% of total acid. All traditional rice wines contained 10.15~139.9 mg% of amino nitrogen and 2.5~25.7% of total sugar. Among organic acids, lactic acid was contained 7.4~29.6 mg%, and succinic acid and propionic acid was also contained 0.2~2.7 mg% and 0.7~8.3 mg%, respectively. Antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity were showed 37.0~86.0% in all rice wines, however, fibrinolytic activity, antioxidant activity, SOD-like activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity were low or not detected.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.243-247
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• 2006

The biological activity of functional food source with thyme extracts were examined. Total phenol contents in the 60% ethanol extracts $(26.8{\pm}0.35\;mg/g)$ with thyme leaf was higher than water extracts $(25.7{\pm}0.20\;mg/g)$. This HPLC analysis is significant in that physiological activity is related with phenolic compound content such as rosemarinic acid, quercetin and chlorogenic acid. Electron donating ability was shown as 90.1% in the water extracts and 77.7% in the 60% ethanol extracts. Antioxidant protection factor of 60% ethanol extracts was higher than water extracts. Helicobacter pylori of the water extracts from thyme leaves did not have antimicrobial activity, but the 60% ethanol extracts revealed the high antimicrobial activity as 9 mm of clear zone in $50\;{\mu}g/ml$ of phenol content, 10 mm in $100\;{\mu}g/ml$, 13 mm in $150\;{\mu}g/ml$ and 16 mm in $200\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activity showed no inhibition activity in 60% ethanol extracts but 39.9% inhibition activity in water extracts. Xanthine oxidase inhibition activity showed high inhibition activity at 73.5% in water extracts and 100% in 60% ethanol extracts. The result suggests the development of phenol compound in thyme as anti Helicobacter pylori, antioxidant and anti-gout agents.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2013

This study was conducted to improve the yield of extracts from Alaska pollock Theragra chalcogramma head and sea tangle Laminaria japonica byproducts using various commercial enzymes, such as Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Neutrase (NH), and Protamex. Among the enzymatic hydrolysates, the yield was highest in hydrolysate incubated with NH for 4 h. NH-treated hydrolysates (NHH) also improved functional properties, such as angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryldrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, as compared to extracts from Alaska pollock head and sea tangle byproducts. Total free amino acid and taste values of NHH were 379.7 mg/100 mL and 24.03, respectively, after digestion for 4 h. These values are 2.2-fold and 1.9-fold higher compared with those of water soluble fractions extracted from Alaska pollock head and non-forming sea tangle, respectively. According to the taste value results, the major taste-active compounds among free amino acids of NHH were glutamic acid and aspartic acid. These results suggest that NHH can be used as an ingredient for natural seasoning preparation.