• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.864-871
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• 2010

White and black garlic pastes were fermented by Leuconostoc mesenteroides and evaluated for its rheological and functional properties such as consistency, antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity. The pH, acidity and solid content of black garlic paste were 4.60, 1.23%, 22.63%, respectively. The viable cell counts and consistency of fermented garlic was decreased by adding higher amounts of black garlic paste. Fermentation of white garlic (40%)/black garlic (10%) showed viable cell counts of $1.6\times10^{11}$, fluid consistency of 9.31 $Pa{\cdot}s^n$. Water and 70% ethanol extract from fermented garlic showed the polyphenol content of 6.29mg/mL and 5.99 mg/mL, respectively. Also, water extract indicated the DPPH radical scavenging effects and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity with $IC_{50}$ 1.03 mg/mL and $IC_{50}$ 68.54 mg/mL, respectively. ACE inhibitory activity was increased with adding black garlic paste. Conversion of sucrose into dextran polymer in fermented garlic was drastically decreased by the addition of black garlic paste, indicating from 85% (0% black garlic) to 20% (20% black garlic) conversion yield. Garlic paste fermented with 10% black/40% white garlic showed the decrease in consistency and viable cell counts during both cold and freezing storages. In particular, consistency of fermented garlic was lower during freezing storage than cold storage, and the viable cell counts was drastically decreased after storage for 2 weeks.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.265-269
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• 2004

This study was conducted to develop physiologically active plant materials from medicinal plants. Crude extracts and solvent fractions prepared from Lysimachia cletroides Duby were tested for their antioxidant and antihypertensive activities. For ellucidating antioxidant potential, inhibition rate on linoleic acid peroxidation, as well as scavenging activities on superoxide anion and 1,1-dipicrylphenylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical were evaluated. For analyzing antihypertensive effect, inhibitory activity on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was done. Methanol extract of L. cletroides showed potent inhibition activity of 83% on linoleic acid peroxidation, which was more effective than -2% of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ at $25\;{\mu}g/ml$. Methanol and water extracts exhibited strong scavenging activities of $86{\sim}109%$ and $96{\sim}122%$ on superoxide anion radical which was higher than $-4{\sim}69%$ of ascorbic acid at $5{\sim}200\;{\mu}g/ml$. Hexane, ether and ethylacetate fractions possessed 133, 100 and 88% inhibitory activities on ACE at $4,000\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. From the results, it was expected that Lysimachia cletroides could be a new antioxidant and antihypertensive resource.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.355-358
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• 2004

Chunkookjang, Korean traditional fermented soybean food emerges as a functional food to improve intestinal function and blood circulation. During Chungkookjang fermentation, microorganisms, enzymes, and diverse bioactive compounds increase sharply. Chungkookjang contains diverse oligo-peptides. Formation of peptides was confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Solube fermented soybean in our sample contained Tyr, Gln-Lys, Trp, Gln, and Lys-Pro as major components. Lys-Pro (0.083 mg/100 g sample) was purified by HPLC analysis. Angiotensin I­converting enzyme (ACE) causes hypertension by converting angiotensin I to angiotension II. ACE inhibitory activity of Lys-Pro was determined to be $IC_{50}=32.1\;{\mu}M.$ Whether or not eating Chungkookjang can lower blood pressure was also determined. Sistolic blood pressure dropped by 15 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure by 8 mmHg 2 hr after a single administration of 20 g of fermented soybean. Chungkookjang might be helpful in improving blood circulation since it has ACE inhibitor and antihypertenisve effect.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.529-533
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• 2002

The peptides inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) were isolated from the hydrolysate of manila clam (Ruditapes philippinamm) proteins prepared with thermolysin. The thermolysin hydrolysate was pretreated with membrane filter (MW cut-off 10,000) to obtain the peptide fraction with ACE inhibition. The crude peptides were applied to a Sephadex LH-20 column and eluted with $30\%$ methanol. The three active fractions (A, B and C) were collected and concentrated, and then applied to a SP-Toyopearl 650S column equilibrated with distilled water and was eluted with a linear gradient of NaCl concentration (0 to 1 M). The four active fractions (A-1, A-2, B-1 and C-1) were collected and concentrated, and then applied to a SuperQ-Toyopearl 650S column equilibrated with distilled water and was eluted with a linear gradient of NaCl concentration (0 to 1 M). The maximum inhibitory activity was observed in the fraction B-1Q showed the IC_{50} values of 0.748 $\mu$g. The abundant amino acids obtained from active fraction B-1Q were leucine, isoleucine, alanine and threonine.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1525-1531
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• 2013

Baegilju is a famous traditional Korean wine made over the course of 100 days. The physiological functionalities of Baegilju were evaluated using different tests. The spectrophotometric method was used to determine the total concentration of polyphenolics and flavonoids and DPPH and ABTS radicals. A nitrite scavenging assay was used to evaluate antioxidant activity. The fibrin plate method was used for fibrinolysis and to evaluate angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity; finally, the colorimetric determination method was used to evaluate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity. The total polyphenolic content of non-sterilized Baegilju and sterilized Baegilju were 391.59 ${\mu}g$ and 401.33 ${\mu}g$ tannic acid equivalents/ml, respectively; and the flavonoids contents were 284.75 ${\mu}g$ and 308.35 ${\mu}g$ quercetin equivalents/ml, respectively. Baegilju exhibited more excellent antioxidant activities (DPPH and ABTS radicals, nitrite scavenging activity) than did Cheongju. In addition, the fibrinolytic activity and AChE inhibitory activity were found to be higher in Baegilju than they were in Cheongju. The ACE inhibitory activity of non-sterilized Baegilju, sterilized Baegilju, and Cheongju were 23.62%, 19.99%, and 38.91%, respectively. Therefore, these results suggest that Baegilju has potential as an antioxidant agent and anti-thrombosis agent.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.246-251
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• 2003

Angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) belongs to the class of zinc protease and plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. In this experiment, we investigated the inhibitory activities of ninety four plant extracts on ACE. The extracts were prepared by water and refluxing with 70% and 100% methanol. Among the extracts, two plant extracts such as Cassia tora, Persicaria cochinchinensis Kitagawa showed more than 60% inhibitory activities, and Foeniculum vulgare Gaertner, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgl, Caragana sinica (Buchoz) Rehder, Inula britannica var. chinensis showed $45.2{\sim}49.7%$ inhibitory activities. Twenty eight plant extracts such as Hemerocallis fulva L, Camptotheca acuminata Decne, Inula britannica var. chinensis, Xanthium strumarium, Polygonatum odoratum, Phellodendron amurense Rupr, Coix lachryma-jobi var. mayuen, Prunus ansu, Hibiscus mutabilis L, Thchosanthes kirilowii, Helianthus annuus, Juglans sinensis showed $30.3{\sim}39.7%$ Inhibitory activities. These results suggest that plant extracts which contain high ACE inhibitory activities may be useful as anti-hypertension agents and to the treatment of hypertension.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.222-226
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• 2012

In this study, the effect of gamma irradiation on the microbial contamination and biological activities of tuna cooking juices was investigated. Tuna cooking juice was by-produced during the canning processing, and had various functional components. But, it was shown that the tuna cooking juice was seriously contaminated. Gamma irradiation effectively reduced the microbial population in tuna cooking juice. Also, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, tyrosinse inhibitory activity, and ACE inhibitory activity of tuna cooking juices were all increased as a result of gamma irradiation. These results suggest that wasted tuna cooking juices can be used as a functional component in the food and cosmetic industries if the irradiation technology were applied.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.835-840
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the in vitro effects of body and visceral portion of Haliotis discus hannai on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and antioxidant and anticoagulant capacity. Extracts from both abalone body and visceral portion using 80% ethanol showed a high ACE-inhibitory effect. While ACE-inhibitory effect of extracts of the body part was dose-dependent, visceral extracts did not show any difference by the level of concentration. ACE-inhibitory effect of the visceral portion was much higher than that of the body. Antioxidant capacity was increased with increasing concentration of 80% ethanol body extracts although the capacity was low. The 80% ethanol visceral extracts showed a similar level of antioxidant capacity to the body extract in low concentration. Water extracts showed a dose-dependent increase in the activity. There was no significant difference in the antioxidant activity between the body and the visceral part. Anticoagulant capacity of 80% ethanol extracts, which was measured using prothrombin time(PT), was higher in the body part than the visceral part. Water extracts of Haliotis discus showed no any significant effect on anticoagulant capacity. The in vitro effects were also examined after Haliotis discus was refrigerated for 48 hours. Higher ACE-inhibitory effect was observed for the visceral portion than the body, in particular, before the sample was refrigerated. Antioxidant effect of Haliotis discus increased with increasing level of the sample before it was refrigerated. However, there was a significant difference between the body and the visceral part, which showed significantly higher capacity. There was no significant difference between the body and visceral part in PT regardless of refrigeration. While activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) showed no significant difference between body and visceral part, there was a significant difference in the capacity between before and after the refrigeration, which showed much lower coagulant capacity.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.335-354
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate biological activity of antler extract added medical plants. The scavenging activity of DPPH radical was low scavenging activity at 0.01% concentration. But in the 0.05% and higher concentration, electron donating ability(EDA) is above 50% except Kongindangagam(48.5%) and significantly good above 70% in the 4 extracts. Superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity was 44.3% and 45.1% extracts of Ohjayenjongwhangami and M(market sample), Inhibition of xanthine oxidase were above 50% at 0.5% concentration except Boshingiwhangwhangami and from 62.4% to 84.9% in the 4 extracts. Inhibition rate of boshingiwhangwhangami was hasty increased from 33.5% to 77.5% at 1.0% concentration and others the higher concentration, the more increasing inhibition. Angiotension I-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitory activities were high activity all of extracts. In the 0.5% concentration, ACE inhibition was above 80%. Especially 0.01% concentration of M was presented 81.8%. The study which conducted to investigate the effect of feeding antler extract group for 50 days on sperm concentration, Ca contents of serum, kidney and femur in rats was higher than that saline group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.325-334
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to compare the content and metabolic activities between fresh pine needle juice (PNJ) and fermented pine needle juice (FPNJ). A variety of factors were measured, including total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity [DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), cellular antioxidant capacity (CAC)], anti-genotoxic activity, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. The TPC was $17.3{\pm}0.2$ and $4.6{\pm}0.0$ mg GAE/g in PNJ and FPNJ, respectively. The DPPH RSA, TRAP, and ORAC values increased in a dose-dependent manner for both PNJ and FPNJ, with significantly higher activities in PNJ than FPNJ. The CAC against AAPH-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells was protected by both PNJ and FPNJ. Pretreatment with PNJ and FPNJ in human leukocytes produced significant reductions in $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage at a concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase inhibitory activity was significantly higher in FPNJ than PNJ. The ACE inhibitory activity was about 87.1% and 60.0% in 1:1 diluted PNJ and FPNJ, respectively. This study suggests that the fermentation of PNJ could enhance the regulation of blood glucose metabolism and both PNJ and FPNJ might be a new potential source of natural antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-hypertensive agents applicable to food.