• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.964-971
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• 2019

간의 지질 축적과 인슐린 저항성은 비알콜성 지방간 환자에게서 증가한다. Piperine은 후추(Piper nigrum)와 필발(인도산 후추, P. longum)의 주요 성분으로 항암, 항비만, 항 당뇨병, 항염증 및 항산화 등의 생리활성이 보고되었다. 그러나 piperine의 인간 간세포 HepG2 세포에서 지질 축적과 인슐린 저항성의 억제제로서의 연구는 보고된 바가 없다. 본 연구의 목적은 지질 축적 및 인슐린 저항성에 대한 piperine의 효과를 palmitate처리된 HepG2 세포에서 잠재적인 분자 기전을 밝히는 것이다. 그 결과 piperine처리군은 지질 함량을 감소시켰고, 지방 형성 표적 유전자인 SREBP-1c와 FAS의 발현을 억제함으로써 palmitate처리된 세포내 지질 축적을 감소시켰다. 게다가 piperine처리군은 지방산 산화에 관련된 CPT-1과 인산화된 ACC 및 인산화된 IRS-1 (Tyr632)와 Akt의 레벨을 증가시켰다. 또한, piperine처리군은 인산화된 IRS-1 (Ser307)의 레벨을 감소시켰다. 결론적으로 palmitate처리된 HepG2 세포에서 piperine은 SREBP-1와 FAS발현의 감소 및 CPT-1과 ACC 인산화의 증가 및 인산화된 IRS-1(Try632)와 Akt 신호전달 경로를 조절함으로써 지질 축적 및 인슐린 저항성을 개선함을 확인하였다. 따라서 piperine의 지질 축적 및 인슐린 저항성을 예방하는 약물로써 가능성이 제시되었다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.336-342
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• 2008

The aim of the present study was to assess the anti-obesity effects of fermented kochujang supplement in C57BL/6J mice. Thirty mice were divided into 3 groups; normal diet control group (ND), high fat diet control group (HD), and high fat diet plus kochujang supplemented group (HDK). Results were as follows: 1. Fennented kochujang supplement in high fat diet decreased body weight and epidydimal and back fat weight compared to non-supplement in HD group. 2. Lipid content and blood glucose level were lower in HDK group than HD group. 3. Fermented kochujang supplement increased mRNA level of lipolytic genes such as acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), and uncoupling proteins-1 (UCP-1) expression, whereas decreased mRNA level of adipogenic genes such as acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) expression. These findings suggest that fermented kochujang supplement in high fat diet normalized body weight, epididymal and back fat weight, lipid content, and blood glucose levels through controlling lipid metabolism and provides basic information on the control of obesity.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2020

Steel corrosion in embedded steel causes a significant durability problems and this usually propagates to structural degradation. Large-scaled concrete structures, PSC (Pre-stressed Concrete) or RC (Reinforced Concrete) structures, are usually constructed with mass concrete and require quite a long construction period. When they are located near to sea shore, chloride ion penetrates into concrete through direct or indirect exposure to marine environment, and this leads durability problems. Even if the structures are sheltered from chloride ingress outside after construction, the chloride contents which have been penetrated into concrete during the long construction period are differently evaluated from the initially mixed chloride content. In the study, chloride profiles in cores extracted from anchorage concrete block in two large-scaled suspension bridge (K and P structure) are evaluated considering the exposure periods and conditions. Total 21 cores in tendon room and chamber room were obtained, and the acid-soluble chlorides and compressive strength were evaluated for the structures containing construction period around 3 years. The test results like diffusion coefficient and surface chloride content from the construction joint and cracked area were also discussed with the considerations for maintenance.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.507-515
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• 2021

To evaluate the influence of slag on the alkalinity of pore solution and microstructure of concrete, this paper performs a leaching experiment on hardened cement-slag pastes (HCSP) slice specimens with different slag content in purified water. The pH value of pore solution, average porosity, morphology, phase composition and Ca/Si of HCSP specimens in the leaching process are measured by solid-liquid extraction, saturated-dried weighing, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results shows that the addition of slag can mitigate an increase in porosity and a decrease in Ca/Si of HCSP in the leaching process. Besides, an appropriate slag content can improve the microstructure so as to obtain the optimum leaching resistance of HCSP, which can guarantee the suitable alkalinity of pore solution to prevent a premature corrosion of reinforced bar. The optimum slag content is 40% in HCSP with a water-binder ratio of 0.45, and an excessive slag causes a significant decrease in the alkalinity of pore solution, resulting in a loss of protection on reinforced bar in HCSP.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.281-289
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• 2022

3D printing cement-based materials (3DPCBM) is an innovative rapid prototyping technology for construction materials. This study is tested on the rheological behavior, printability and buildability of steel slag (SS) content based on the extrusion system of 3D printing. 0, 8 wt%, 16 wt%, 24 wt%, 32 wt% and 40 wt% SS was replaced cement, The test results revealed that the addition of SS would increase the fluidity of the printed paste, prolong the open time and setting time, reduce the plastic viscosity, dynamic yield stress and thixotropy, and is beneficial to improve the pumping and extrudability of 3DPCBM. With the increase of SS content, the static yield stress developed slowly with time which indicated that SS is harmful to the buildability of printing paste. The content of SS in 3DPCBM can reach up to 40% at most under the condition of satisfying rheological property and buildability, it provides a reference for the subsequent introduction of SS and other industrial solid waste into 3DPCBM by explored the influence law of SS on the rheological properties of 3DPCBM.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.277-290
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• 2023

In order to study the mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced ultra-fine fly ash concrete (BFUFARC), the effects of ultra-fine fly ash (UFA) content, basalt fiber content, basalt fiber length and water reducing agent content on the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of the composite material were studied through experimental and theoretical analysis. Also, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to analyze the mesoscopic structure in the fracture surface of composite material specimens at magnifications of 500 and 3500. Besides, the energy release rate (G_c) and surface free energy (γ_s) of crack tip cracking on BFUFARC in different basalt fiber content were studied from the perspective of fracture mechanics. Further, the cracking resistance, reinforcement, and toughening mechanisms of basalt fibers on concrete substrate were revealed by surface free energy of BFUFARC. The experimental results indicated that basalt fiber content is the main influence factor on the splitting tensile strength of BFUFARC. In case that fiber content increased from 0 to 0.3%, the concrete surface free energy at the tip of single-sided crack showed a trend of increased at first and then decreased. The surface free energy reached at maximum, about 3.59 × 10^-5 MN/m. During the process of increasing fiber content from 0 to 0.1%, G_C-2_γS showed a gradually decreasing trend. As a result, an appropriate amount of basalt fiber can play a preventing cracking role by increasing the concrete surface free energy, further effectively improve the concrete splitting tensile performance.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 DCT 블럭에서 실행되는 멀티미디어 핑거프린팅 알고리즘을 구현한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 DRM의 한계성을 개선하고, 콘텐츠 제공자의 워터마킹과 콘텐츠 사용자의 핑거프린팅을 분리 수행함으로써 위조 및 변조된 콘텐츠의 부정자를 판단하는 책임경계를 결정할 수 있다. 콘텐츠 제공자의 $128{\times}128$ 영상에서 블록크기 $8{\times}8$에 워터마킹 삽입강도 ${\Theta}$는 0.5~1.2까지 적용하여 PSNR은 Inf~46.6dB로 측정되었으며, 콘텐츠 사용자는 블록크기 64 픽셀 범위 내에서 BIBD 기반 코드길이가 l=7,15,31,64를 사용자의 수 n=7,15,31,63에 따라 핑거프린팅 코드길이 또한 l=7,15,31,63으로 PSNR은 Inf~46.1로 측정되었다. 위조 및 변조된 콘텐츠의 부정자 추적은 n-1까지 확장되어 추적율은 1에 접근 되었다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.155-167
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• 2023

The penetrated chloride in concrete has different behavior with mix proportions and local exposure conditions, even in the same environments, so that it is very important to quantify surface chloride contents for durability design. As well known, the surface chloride content which is a key parameter like external loading in structural safety design increases with exposure period. In this study, concrete samples containing OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement), GGBFS (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag), and FA (Fly Ash) had been exposed to submerged, tidal, and splash area for 5 years, then the surface chloride contents changing with exposure period were evaluated. The surface chloride contents were obtained from the chloride profile based on the Fick's 2nd Law, and the regression analysis for them was performed with exponential and square root function. After exposure period of 5 years in submerged and tidal area conditions, the surface chloride content of OPC concrete increased to 6.4 kg/m³ - 7.3 kg/m³, and the surface chloride content of GGBFS concrete was evaluated as 7.3 kg/m³ - 11.5 kg/m³. In the higher replacement ratio of GGBFS, the higher surface chloride contents were evaluated. The surface chloride content in FA concrete showed a range of 6.7 kg/m³ to 9.9 kg/m³, which was the intermediate level of OPC and GGBFS concrete. In the case of splash area, the surface chloride contents in all specimens were from 0.59 kg/m³ to 0.75 kg/m³, which was the lowest of all exposure conditions. Experimental constants available for durability design of chloride ingress were derived through regression analysis over exposure period. In the concrete with GGBFS replacement ratio of 50%, the increase rate of surface chloride contents decreased rapidly as the water to binder ratio increased.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.442-452
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the anti-lipogenic effect and the mechanism of Jungmanbunso-hwan extract (JMBSH) on a cellular model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) caused by palmitate in HepG2 cells.Methods: The JMBSH was prepared, andHepG2 cells were treated with various concentrations of JMBSH in order to perform an MTT assay. The HepG2 cells were cultivated in palmitate-containing media with or without extract of JMBSH. The intracellular lipid content in the HepG2 cells was examined. The effects of JMBSH on sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in HepG2 cells were measured.Results: JMBSH did not reduce HepG2 cell viability under 1,000 μg/mL. JMBSH considerably decreased intracellular lipid accumulation caused by palmitate in HepG2 cells. JMBSH repressed expression of SREBP-1c, which mediates the induction of lipogenic genes (ACC, FAS, and SCD-1). JMBSH also activated AMPK, which plays animportant role in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism.Conclusions: This study suggested that JMBSH relieves hepatic steatosis by repressing SREBP-1c, which mediates the induction of lipogenic genes. The anti-lipogenic effect of JMBSH may also be related to the activation of AMPK. Therefore, JMBSH could potentially be applied to NAFLD treatment after further clinical studies.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.1199-1214
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• 2022

Apolipoprotein H (APOH) primarily engages in fat metabolism and inflammatory disease response. This study aimed to investigate the effects of APOH on fat synthesis in duck myoblasts (CS2s) by APOH overexpression and knockdown. CS2s overexpressing APOH showed enhanced triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (CHOL) contents and elevated the mRNA and protein expression of AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6 (ELOVL6), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) while reducing the expression of protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG), acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1 (ACSL1), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). The results showed that knockdown of APOH in CS2s reduced the content of TG and CHOL, reduced the expression of ACC1, ELOVL6, and AKT1, and increased the gene and protein expression of PPARG, LPL, ACSL1, and AMPK. Our results showed that APOH affected lipid deposition in myoblasts by inhibiting fatty acid beta-oxidation and promoting fatty acid biosynthesis by regulating the expression of the AKT/AMPK pathway. This study provides the necessary basic information for the role of APOH in fat accumulation in duck myoblasts for the first time and enables researchers to study the genes related to fat deposition in meat ducks in a new direction.