• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.237-242
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• 1990

Geographical distribution of diploid plant with AA genome (2n=16) and allotetraploid with AABB genome (2n=34) of Scilla scilloides Complex from Korea has been studied. The composition and frequencies of B chromosomes ere also investigated. Plants with AABB genome were predominant over AA genome plants. A mixed population of AA and AABB genome plants was found for the first time. Aneuploid plants have not been found. Chromosomes of AA genome were composed of three pairs of metacentric, two pairs of submetacentric, two pairs of subtlocentric and one pair of telocentric chromosomes, whereas BB genome was four pairs of metacentric and five pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes. B chromosomes were classified into two categories, isochromosome (F) and chromosome fragment (f). The frequencies of B chromosomes were 43% in AA genome plants and 44% in AABB genome plants. The number of B chromosome ranged from 1 to 3 and 1 to 7 in AA and AABB genome plants, respectively. B chromosome combinations were F and F+f in AA genome plants and F, F+f and f in AABB genome plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.235-240
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• 1999

The usefulness of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was evaluated to access the genetic variation in somaclones derived from different cytotype plants of Scilla scilloides Complex, AA (2n=16), BB (2n=18) and AABB (2n=34). Three arbitrary decamer primers were successfully used to amplify genomic DNA from the somaclones. DNA polymorphism was observed between cytotypes. The total number of bands in AA, BB and AABB somaclones were 110, 116 and 103, and marker bands examined were 15, 19 and 26, respectively. The diversity of types using PCR in AA, AABB and BB somaclones were 39.2%, 72.3% and 45.7%, respectively. RAPD band patterns suggest that type AA is more stable than type BB and AABB. The frequencies of specific band in AA, BB or AABB somaclones were 0.9%, 4.3% and 4.9%, respectively. The applicability and reliability of RAPD markers for evaluating the somaclones are discussed.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 1991

제주도에서 서식하고 있는 무릇의 게놈 분포와 B염색체의 출현 빈도를 조사하였다. 게놈의 유형은 BB, ABB, ABBB, AABB, AABBB 및 AAABBB의 6가지로 나타났으며, 그 중 BB, ABB 및 AAABBB게놈 식물은 제주도 집단에서 처음으로 발견하여 보고되는 것이다. 게놈의 분포는 AABB가 66.2%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, ABBB게놈이 20.4%로 그 다음이었다. ABB와 AAABB게놈 식물은 한 개체씩만 발견되었다. 게놈의 조성은 조사된 13개 집단 중 세가지 유형이 혼생하는 집단이 2개, 두 가지 유형이 나타나는 집단이 BB, AABB 또는 AABBB 중 한 가지 유형의 게놈 식물이 분포하고 있었다. 게놈의 조성으로 보아 제주도의 무릇 집단은 한반도 내륙보다는 일본 집단과의 유연 관계가 더 가까운 것으로 생각된다. B염색체의 수는 1-4개로 나타났으며, 모두 등완염색체(F)였다. B염색체의 출현 빈도는 BB와 AABBB게놈 식물에서 각각 75%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, AABB게놈 식물에서는 48%로 나타나 한반도 내륙(44%)과 비슷한 양상을 보였다. A게놈에 비해 B게놈의 수를 많이 지닌 식물에서 B염색체의 빈도가 높게 나타나는 것이 특징으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.713-720
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• 2012

Unlike FEM (Finite Element Method), which provides an accurate deformation of soft objects, FFD (Free Form Deformation) based methods have been widely used for a quick and responsive representation of deformable objects in real-time applications such as computer games, animations, or simulations. The FFD-AABB (Free Form Deformation Axis Aligned Bounding Box) algorithm was also suggested to address the collision handling problems between deformable objects at an interactive rate. This paper proposes an enhanced FFD-AABB algorithm to improve the frame rate of simulation by adding the bounding sphere based collision test between 3D deformable objects. We provide a comparative analysis with previous methods and the result of proposed method shows about an 85% performance improvement.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.525-528
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• 1996

Seven cali[4]arenes, having two different substituents in AAAB or AABB pattern at the upper rim of calix were synthesized by fragmentation condensation reaction of p-substituted phenol trimer (AAA) with 2,6-bishydroxymethylated 4-substituted phenol (B) or that of dimer (AA) with 2,2'-bishydroxymethylated dimer (BB). An equimolar mixture of the coupling components (trimer and monomer or dimer and dimer) was refluxed in dioxane in the presence of TiCl4to afford calix[4]arene 6 and 7 in 15-38% yield. The structure of calix[4]arenes was confirmed by elemental analysis and the 1H/13C NMR spectroscopy.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.392-402
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• 1997

The morphological traits of different types of primary trisomics(2n=28＋1) in durum wheat, Triticum durum var. hordeiforme(2n=28 AABB) were compared with disomics (2n=28) through the examination of reciprocal gene action on the extra chromosomes. However it was not easy to distinguish morphologically the trisomies containing A genome from those containing B genome. These results suggested that the chromosomal location of the major genes for some morphological traits exists on homoeologous chromosome. It is important that these results revealed the homoeology and linkage groups of both A and B genomes in durum wheat. These primary trisomies will be valuable materials for the trisomic analysis and genetic mapping on the chromosome of both A and B genomes in durum wheat. Furthermore, it must be useful for the evolutionary study of Triticum durum(AABB) and Triticum squarrosa(DD) by way of the ancester species of Triticum aesitivum(AABBDD).

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02c
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• pp.306-317
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• 2007

We present an interactive and accurate collision detection algorithm for deformable, polygonal objects based on the streaming computational model. Our algorithm can detect all possible pairwise primitive-level intersections between two severely deforming models at highly interactive rates. In our streaming computational model, we consider a set of axis aligned bounding boxes (AABBs) that bound each of the given deformable objects as an input stream and perform massively-parallel pairwise, overlapping tests onto the incoming streams. As a result, we are able to prevent performance stalls in the streaming pipeline that can be caused by expensive indexing mechanism required by bounding volume hierarchy-based streaming algorithms. At run-time, as the underlying models deform over time, we employ a novel, streaming algorithm to update the geometric changes in the AABB streams. Moreover, in order to get only the computed result (i.e., collision results between AABBs) without reading back the entire output streams, we propose a streaming en/decoding strategy that can be performed in a hierarchical fashion. After determining overlapped AABBs, we perform a primitive-level (e.g., triangle) intersection checking on a serial computational model such as CPUs. We implemented the entire pipeline of our algorithm using off-the-shelf graphics processors (GPUs), such as nVIDIA GeForce 7800 GTX, for streaming computations, and Intel Dual Core 3.4G processors for serial computations. We benchmarked our algorithm with different models of varying complexities, ranging from 15K up to 50K triangles, under various deformation motions, and the timings were obtained as 30~100 FPS depending on the complexity of models and their relative configurations. Finally, we made comparisons with a well-known GPU-based collision detection algorithm, CULLIDE [4] and observed about three times performance improvement over the earlier approach. We also made comparisons with a SW-based AABB culling algorithm [2] and observed about two times improvement.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 1994

Chromosome variation in callus cells initiated from different cytogenetic type plane of Scilla scilloides Complex was analysed Considerable variation in both chromosome number and struchure was found in type AA, while no autosomal variation was detected in type BB callus cells. In allotetraploid AABB, two hypoploid cells were fount while a hypoploid cell and three hyperploid cells were found in eutetraploid cells of BBBB. Autosomes in callus cells derived from the plant with B-chromosomes were more stable than those from the plant without B-chromosome. We doubt that B-chromosomes have a selective function for the autosomes in culture of S. scilloides Complex.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1122-1125
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• 1995

Three inherently chiral calix[4]arenes 3-5 were synthesized as racemate starting from the ethylation at 1.3-distal hydroxy groups of calix[4]arene 2 which has two phenyl groups at upper rim in AABB fashion, and then two remaining hydroxy groups were acetylated by treatment with acetyl chloride in the presence of NaH to produce calix[4]arene 4. Treatment of 4 with AlCl3 under Fries rearrangement conditions, only one acetyl group was rearranged to the para-position to afford calix[4]arene 5 with AABC substitution pattern at the upper rim of calix. The structure of chiral calix[4]arenes were confirmed based on NMR and massspectra.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2018

Due to heavy computational cost, deformable object simulation requires more effective collision detection method than rigid body simulation. However, when the CPU-based collision detection algorithm is purely applied to the GPU environment, the collision detection algorithm and the data structure optimized for the GPU environment are essential because the performance of the GPU can not be used properly. Therefore, we propose a GPU-based parallel collision detection algorithm for mass-spring system which is widely used for deformable object representation in this paper. The proposed method uses a parallel algorithm and data structure to reduce collision detection cost through GPU-based curling algorithm using AABB-Octree structure. In this paper, we prove the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing the intersection test of all triangle pairs in parallel. The results of experimental tests show that the proposed method improves the performance by about 24% on average. Therefore, it is expected that the proposed method can improve the performance of real-time simulation for deformable objects.