• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.620-627
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• 2020

Oxygen consumption and blood physiology of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (mean body weight 106.6±6.8 g, mean±SD) was investigated at salinities of 34.0 (control), 33.7, 33.3, 32.6, 31.3, 28.6, 23.1, 12.2 and 0.0 psu at 20.0℃, respectively. Stepwise salinity changes (34.0→33.7→33.3→32.6→31.3→28.6→23.1→12.2→0.0 psu) with an interval of 24 h for each salinity induced a significant (P<0.05) increase of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in fish exposed from 31.3 to 0.0 psu compared to that of control fish. The maximum OCR was found in fish exposed to 23.1 psu, which was accompanied by 36.2% higher energy consumption than the control fish. Fish exposed to each salinity for 24 h induced a significant decrease of blood plasma Na⁺ in 0.0 psu and Cl^- in 12.2 and 0.0 psu (P<0.05), and increase of plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) in 0.0 psu compared to the control fish (P<0.05). The results of this experiment show that P. olivaceus exposed to concentrations below 31.3 psu requires more energy costs to adapt to salinity changes than 34.0 psu under our experimental conditions.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.123-125
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• 2003

We studied the nectar secretion of the Japanese Camellia (Camellia japonica L.), an evergreen tree and observed its floral visitors during the day. The mean volume of nectar secreted, during daylight (08:31 to 16:30 h) was 30.26$\pm8,29ml$ (SD) (n = 27). During the late afternoon and overnight (16:31 to 08:30 following day), 100.54$\pm54.85$(n = 27) of nectar was secreted. Total volume measured when flowers were sampled once every two hours for an eight-hour period was approximately one-half the volume which was measured when the flowers were sampled only once after eight hours. The mean nectar volume secreted was 8.55$\pm8.3ml$(n = 30) between 08:31 to 10:30, 4.38$\pm$6.1 ml (n = 30) between 10:31 to 12:30, 4.6$\pm5.4ml$(n = 30) between 12;31 to 14:30, and 4.02$\pm3.5ml$(n = 30) between 14:31 to 16:30 hours. During the day, Japanese Camellia flowers were principally visited by the Japanese white-eye (Zosterops erythropleura erythropleura 5.), a native bird, although insects and squirrels also visited to a lesser degree.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2020

A new type of bridge deck section consisting of four-box decks, two side decks for vehicular traffic lanes and two middle decks for railway traffic, has been experimentally investigated for determining its aerodynamic properties. The eight flutter derivatives were determined by the Iterative Least Squares (ILS) method for this new type of four-box deck model, with two windshields of 30 mm and 50 mm height respectively. Wind tunnel experiments were performed for angles of attack α = ±6°, ±4°, ±2° and 0° and Re numbers of 4.85×105 to 6.06×105 and it was found that the four-box deck with the 50 mm windshields had a better aerodynamic performance. Also, the results showed that the installation of the windshields reduced the values of the lift coefficient CL for the negative angles attack in the range of -6° to 0°, but the drag coefficient CD increased in the positive angle of attack range. However, galloping instability was not encountered for the tested reduced wind speeds, of up to 9.8. The aerodynamic force coefficients and the flutter derivatives for the four-box deck model were consistent with the results reported for the Messina triple-box bridge deck, but were different from those reported for the twin-box bridge decks.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 1988

This study was performed to construct killer wine yeasts which might suppress the growth of wild yeasts, reduce the consumption of starter and condense the fermentation period. Saccharomyces cerevisiae M524, a commercial wine yeast, was treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine to induce auxotrophic mutants, i.e., CHM $2(thr^-)$, CHM 3 $(asp^-)$ and CHM 6 $(tyr^-)$. These auxotrophs were fused successfully with a killer yeast, S. cerevisiae $1368R({\alpha}\;his\;4\;kar\;1-1(kil-k)\;(k_0)$, respiratory deficient) using sphoroplast techniques and the fusants were designated as CHF 21$(th^-\;kil^+)$, CHF 22$(thr^-\;kil^+)$, CHF 31$(asp^-\;kil^+)$ and GHF 61$(tyr^-\;kil^+)$. Combined cultivation of CHF 31 with 1368R or S. cerevisiae $5{\times}47$ (killer sensitive) proved out that CHF 31 had the characteristic of killing and produced the same amount of ethanol as the prototroph, M524.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.122-132
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• 1998

SB-31 which contains Pursatilla, Licoris and Ginseng extracts was recently proved as an anticancer agent. In a preclinical effort to be applied this drug to human, pharmacokinetics of SB-31 was carried out in rats and rabbits. Glycyrrhizin(GZ), a saponin of Licoris was used as a standard ingradient for the pharmacokinetics of SB-31. The rat's blood, bile and urine samples were serially collected in femoral vein, common bile duct and bladder, respectively, after bolus i.v. injection at a dose of 1 or 1/5 ampul/rat and rabbit's blood samples from the marginal ear vein at a dose of 1 or 3 amp./rabbit. GZ and glycyrrhetic acid(GA), a major metabolite of GZ in the physiological samples were analysed by HPLC with UV detection. The decline of GZ in plasma concentration was generally biexponential at each dose. GZ was almost completely recovered in bile within 18 hour. GA wasn't detected in the samples with UV detector. In the rat, Vss and Kel at a dose of 1 and 1/5 ampul of SB-31 were $98.06\pm6.07\;ml,\;0.33\pm0.05\;hr^{-1}\;and\;65.46\pm11.19\;ml,\;0.68\pm0.25\;hr^{-1}$, respectively. Those in rabbits at a dose of 3 and 1 ampul of SB-31 were $235.24\pm30.72\;ml,\;0.13\pm0.36\;hr^{-1}\;and\;341.32\pm28.58\;ml,\;0.27\pm0.04\;hr^{-1}$, respectively. 'WinNonlin' was utilized for the compartmental analysis. A two-compartment model was chosen as the most appropriate pbarmaco-kinetic model. The data were best described by using a weighting factor of $1/y^2$. To evaluate the effect of SB-31 on cardiovascular system, serially diluted SB-31 was directly injected into coronary artery in the isolated perfused rat heart and the effect of PSF, PSH, saponins of Pursatilla, and SB-31 on PT, APTT of healthy human plasma was examined. Except the positive inotropic effect of ten times diluted solution of SB-31, there was no significant effect on LVDP, (- dp/dt)/(+dp/dt), heart rate and coronary flow in comparision with that of vehicle. SB-31 had no effect on PT but slightly delayed APTT about $6.9{\sim}11.5\%$. There was no significant effect of PSF and PSH on PT & APTT. Conclusively, SB-31 did not show any notable toxic effects on cardiovascular system.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2015

Objective : This study aimed to explore the clinical feature of patients with dyspepsia who were treated by an Oriental internal medicine. Methods : We analyzed 130 patients who visited an Korean Medicine Hospital for their dyspepsia-related symptoms, from March 1, 2014 until to February 28, 2015 Results : The sex composition was consisted of 31.5% man and 68.5% woman, and 85.6% of outpatient and 14.4% of inpatient. The 39.2% of patients showed chronic complain (>6 months), and the main causes included stress and fatigue for 46.2% and 31.5% respectively. The accompanied symptoms were mainly fatigue (40.0%), insomnia (36.9%), abnormal stool (34.6%), upper back pain (31.5%), and headache (28.5%). The improvement rate was 68.5% while other (31.5%) showed no change of dysplasia. Conclusion : This study created an important information of patients with dysplasia, which will be critically helpful for development of Korean Medicine-based therapeutics in the future.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1992

6, 9-Difluoro-11, 21-dihydroxyl-16, 17-[(1methylehtylidene)bis(oxy)]-pregna-1, 4-diene-3, 20-dione (fluorocinolone acetonide) , C24H3OF106, trigonal, R3 (defined as a hexagonal lattice), a =b = 17.896 k, c: 18.365 k, V=5094.3 A', Z=9, 1 (MoK a) =0.7107 A, D=1.31 g/cm3, D.: 1.328 g/cm3 T=298 K, final R=0.050 for 1101 unique observed reflections. The molecule has conformational features in common with other corticosteroids. Three molecules related by 3-fold symmetry are involved in hydrogen bonding, forming a layer of molecules perpendicular to the c-axis.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.620-628
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• 1997

The possibility of the existence of a field-induced micro-macrodomain switching was proposed and examined using 9 mol % PbZrO3-doped 0.6Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PNN-PT) systems having rhombohedral symmetry at room temperature. the thermally depoled (freshly prepard) specimens prepared from the rhombohedral side of the system exhibited a relaxor behavior for the whole range of temperature examined (for T

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2017

The adsorption of various atmospheric harmful gases ($CO_x$, $NO_x$, $SO_x$) on graphene-like boron nitride(BN) and aluminum nitride(AlN) sheets was theoretically investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and MP2 methods. The structures were fully optimized at the $B3LYP/6-31G^{**}$ and $CAM-B3LYP/6-31G^{**}$ levels of theory and confirmed to be a local minimum by the calculation of the harmonic vibrational frequencies. The MP2 single-point binding energies were computed at the $CAM-B3LYP/6-31G^{**}$ optimized geometries. Also the zero-point vibrational energy (ZPVE) and 50%-basis set superposition error (BSSE) corrections were included. The adsorptions of gases on the BN sheet were predicted to be a physisorption process and the adsorptions of gases on the AlN sheet were predicted to be a physisorption process for $CO_x$ and $NO_x$ but to be a chemisorption process for $SO_x$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.453-456
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• 2010

The structural and energetic preferences of thiacalix[4]biscrown-5 with and without alkali metal ions ($Na^+$, $K^+$, $Rb^+$, and $Cs^+$) have been theoretically investigated for the first time using molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and density functional theory (MPWB1K/6-31G(d)//B3LYP/6-31G(d)) methods. The formation of the metal ion complex by the host is mainly driven by the electrostatic attraction between crown-5 oxygens and a cation together with the minor contribution of the cation-$\pi$ interaction between two facing phenyl rings around the cation. The computed binding energies and the atomic charge distribution analysis for the metal binding complexes indicate the selectivity toward a potassium ion. The theoretical results herein explain the experimentally observed extractability order by this host towards various alkali metal ions. The physical nature and the driving forces for cation recognition by this host are discussed in detail.