• 원예과학기술지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.431-438
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• 2017

This study investigated the effect of pre-planting nitrogen (N) fertilization levels added to a soilless root medium on the growth of 'Dotaerang Dia' tomato seedlings. The N levels were varied for a total of 7 treatments: 0, 100, 250, 500, 750, 1,000, or $1,500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. The pH of the root media gradually rose in all treatments as the seedlings grew; however, the differences in the pH were not significant among the treatments. The electrical conductivity (EC) of the root media was significantly different among the treatments from sowing to week three, then drastically decreased after week four, which diminished the differences in the EC among the treatments. At week six, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, and fresh and dry weights of the shoot were highest for the treatment with $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}N$. In contrast, the treatment with $1,500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}N$ had the lowest results for all growth measurements. The fresh weight was 67% heavier in the $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}N$ treatment compared to the $1,500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}N$ treatment. The total N content in the tissues was lowest in the treatment with $0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}N$ and highest in the treatment with $1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}N$. The contents of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and metal micronutrients in the tissues were highest in the $250mg{\cdot}L^{-1}N$ treatment. A previous study demonstrated that adjusting the fertilization level to promote growth to over 90% of the maximum growth is a good strategy for lowering production costs and preventing damage due to excessive fertilizer absorption by crops. Our results indicated that the optimal pre-planting N fertilization level for tomato plug seedlings should be lower than $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and the optimum tissue N contents should be around 3.21% to 4.60%.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.431-440
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• 2008

Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonosis in worldwide. As one of the control measures, attempts have been made to develop new diagnostic methods using filed isolates as a national policy in many countries. Currently, bovine brucellosis in Korea have been received attention in both public health and economical aspects due to sudden increase of outbreak. Based on the situation, we compared standard strain (B. abortus 1119-3) with field isolates to reveal the differences among them. Biological and biochemical charateristics, antibiotic resistance profiles, outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and lipopolysaccharide analysis of the strains were included in this study. For the diagnostic purpose, an attempt was made to find out a novel antigen from the Korean isolates by serological analysis. There were differences about 55 kDa, 36-38 kDa and 20 kDa in analysis of OMPs by SDS-PAGE and Western blot with positive sera ($\geq$ 1:400 in SAT titer). Also, a serological diagnostic method, ELISA was conducted using OMPs of the strains as novel antigen. Relationships between O.D. and SAT titer were analyzed using field sera showing different SAT titer. High correlation coefficient was observed between SAT titer and ELISA. Results from this study suggested that a new diagnsotic method should be developed using their own field isolates in each country.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.149-166
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• 1999

Self-care and the performance of their own role might be important for the prevention of complications and improvement of quality of life in hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure(CRF). To improve well-being and quality of life for the patients, the author estimated the level of self-care and associating factors through a questionnaire. The information was composed of the knowledge for hemodialysis and renal disease, the level of self-care, health belief, supports from the family, disease-related stresses, personal characteristics, medical history, relationships with medical personnel, etc. The data was gathered from 126 hemodialysis patients who were undergoing hemodialysis in one university hospital and five hospitals in Kyungsangnam-Do area from December 1997 to January 1998, and was analyzed by PC SAS program(version 6.12) with the level of significance($\alpha$=0.05). The mean age of subjects was 47.0$\pm$13.5years with no significant difference in gender distribution. The mean duration of hemodialysis was 39.0 months, and their frequencies of hemodialysis were more than three times per week(77.0%). Only 21.4% had the specific education on hemodialysis and CRF. In the level which was expressed as the score out of 100, the mean of knowledge was 90.7$\pm$9.1 and the mean of self-care was 73.9$\pm$12.7, that means, they only partially carried their knowledge into practice. They showed a significant correlation between knowledge and health belief($\gamma$=0.282); self-care and health belief($\gamma$=0.357), family supports and knowledge($\gamma$=0.221), self-care($\gamma$=0.402), health belief($\gamma$=0.431); and health belief and stress($\gamma$=-0.361). Age, religion, marrital status, education, and relationships with medical personnel showed positive correlations, and smoking showed negative correlation with self-care. In the multiple regression with the level of self-care as dependent variable, and each of the characeristics as independent variables, supports from the family($\beta$=6.615=0.158), the experience of disease specific education($\beta$=4.959), relationships with medical personnel($\beta$=6.615), current smoking($\beta$=-6.986), and current drinking ($\beta$=-7.095) were detected as significant factors. The value of R-square was 34%. In summary, to promote the level self-care and to improve the well beings and Quality of life for the hemodialysis patients, it would be emphasized that they terminate smoking and drinking, and it would be recommended that the education programs and supports from the family be strengthened. And, because there was a considerable difference between the level of knowledge and self-care, it would also be emphasized to propose the education programs which focused on execution. In addition to that, there is a need to improve relationships between the patients and medical personnel through positive changes in the attitudes of the medical personnel.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.431-434
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• 2005

한국산 석류 과피 중 주요 성분으로 함유되어 있는 ellagic acid와 punicalagin에 대한 HPLC 정량법을 확립하였다. 확립된 방법은 다음과 같다. 즉 column은 Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18($4.6{\times}150mm,\;5{\mu}m$), 이동상은 1% formic acid를 포함하는 순수(A)와 1% formic acid를 함유하는 MeCN(B)을 이용하여(A) 용매가 5%에서 50분 후 100%가 되도록 농도기울기를 주어 용출하며, 이 때 유속은 0.8 ml/min., 검출은 UV 254 nm이다. 석류 과피 중 ellagic acid와 punicalagin 함량을 분석하기 위한 최적 전처리 추출조건을 확립한 결과, 100 ml의 95% ethanol로 5 g의 석류 과피를 3시간 환류추출한 경우 상기 항산화 화합물의 추출효과가 가장 좋았다. 확립된 최적 분석 조건을 이용하여 재배지가 다른 국내산 석류 과피 5종 중 함량을 조사한 결과 ellagic acid의 함량은 해평산이 $15.27{\mu}g/mg$으로 가장 높았으며, punicalagin의 함량은 장성산이 $16.21{\mu}g/mg$으로 가장 높았다. 한편 이들의함량은 산지별로 매우 큰 차이를 보여 한국산 석류피를 건강기능식품 등의 원료로 이용할 경우 산지의 선택이 매우 중요할 수 있음을 시사하였다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.425-431
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• 1996

염증 질환의 원인이 되는 사람 중성구 elastases는 혈액에 존재하는 ${\alpha}_1-PI$나 ${\alpha}_2-macroglobulin$과 같은 단백질 분해효소 억제제에 의하여 조절되어진다. 그러나 특수한 병리적 상황에서 과다하게 분비되는 효소나 또는 단백질 분해효소 억제제의 비정상적 작용으로 말미암아 다양한 염증질환이 유발된다. 비스테로이드성 항염증제는 염증 질환을 치료하기 위하여 이미 임상에 적용 하고 있으며, prostaglandin 합성하는 효소인 cyclooxygenases의 활성도를 억제하는 것이 그 작용 기전으로 잘 알려져 왔다. 사람 중성구 elastase의 활성도는 naproxen, phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone 등에 의하여 억제되었으나, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, aspirin, salicylic acid, tolmetin 등에 의하여서는 억제되지 않았다. 또한 사람 중성구 elastase의 활성도는 EDTA, EGTA, tetracycline 등에 의하여서도 억제되었다. EDTA에 의하여 2가 이온 $Ca^{++}$나 $Zn^{++}$등을 elastase 분자로부터 일부 제거함으로 효소 활성도가 억제되었고 Raman spectra의 변화도 강하게 일어났으며, 금속이온 $Zn^{++}$를 새로 충진함으로 그 활성도는 원래대로 회복되고 Raman spectrum도 원래 상태와 유사한 상태로 회복되었다. 이런 현상은 chelator나 chelator-like agents가 효소분자안에 존재하는 $Zn^{++}$ 이온을 제거하거나 chelation함으로 활성 부위나 그 인접 부위의 4차원 구조의 변화를 일으켰음에 기인하며 특히 -C=O나 -COOH기의 관여에 의한 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.431-439
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• 2004

Scutellariae Radix (Scu.), one of the immune-regulatory substances, is recognized to play the role in the metabolic process of inflammation, allergy and immunity. It has been traditionally used in the Oriental medicine to treat inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of water extracts of Scutellariae Radix on the spleen lymphocyte immune function in the Balb/c female mice treated with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis. Water extract of Scutellariae Radix (100 mg/kg) and sulfasalazine (50 mg/kg) were administrated orally for 2 weeks of experimental period. Mice were divided into three experimental groups randomly: DSS group (5％ DSS was ad libitum for 5 days) as control group, DSS ＋ Scu. (water extracts of Scutellariae Radix for 2 weeks after 5％ DSS was ad libitum for 5 days) as experimental group, and DSS ＋ Sulfasalazine group (Sulfasalazine for 2 weeks after 5％ DSS was ad libitum for 5 days) as positive control group. Levels of Ig A, Ig E, CD4$^{＋}$, CD8$^{＋}$, TNF-$\alpha$ and other cytokines were measured. Treatment of DSS for 5 days induced bowel inflammation and the treatment with Scu. water exteract and sulfasalazine significantly recovered the damage. The length of intestine of DSS group was significantly shorter than that of other groups. The serum and fecal concentration of Ig A of SS ＋ Scu group was higher than those of DSS group. The contents of CD4$^{＋}$ T cells was higher in the DSS ＋ Scu. group than the other groups and CD8$^{＋}$ T cells was the lowest in DSS ＋ Sulfasalazine group. The Ig A level of cultured supernatant of spleen lymphocyte was the highest, while the Ig E level was the lowest in SS ＋ Scu group. The concentration of TNF-$\alpha$, cytokine secreted from the Th1 cell in the supernatant spleen lymphocyte, was the highest in the DSS group and the lowest in the DSS ＋ Scu. group. The concentration of IFN-${\gamma}$ and ll...-12 was lower in the DSS ＋ Scu. group than those of the other groups. The concentration of IL-4 in the supernatant of spleen lymphocyte was the lowest in the DSS ＋ Scu. group but IL-10 was not significantly different. Based on these findings, water extract of Scutellariae Radix exhibited the inhibitory effect via IL-4 production thereby inhibited the production of Ig E and strengthened immune system, and alleviated injury in DSS- induced colitis mice model.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.423-431
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• 2015

한국해양과학기술원과 한양대학교에서 공동으로 진행한 해양음향 실험이 2013년 5월에 경기만 태안반도 서쪽에 위치한 천해에서 실시되었다. 본 논문에서는 측정된 중주파수(6~16 kHz) 해저면 반사손실 결과를 제시하고, 수평입사각 $17{\sim}60^{\circ}$ 범위에서 레일리 반사계수 모델과 비교분석한다. 실험해역 지질은 다중 퇴적층으로 구성되어 있었으며, 표층 퇴적물이 다양한 구성성분(평균 입도 $5.9{\phi}$)으로 이루어져 있는 지역이었다. 분석 결과에 의하면 표층 퇴적물의 평균 입자를 고려한 모델결과는 측정된 반사손실과 다소 차이를 보였으며, 퇴적층의 지음향 정보를 역산한 결과 약 $4{\phi}$ 평균입도에서 측정치와 비교적 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 차이의 원인은 표층 퇴적물 입도의 표준 편차가 $4.3{\phi}$로 다른지역에 비해 상당히 컸기 때문일 것으로 추측된다. 상부 퇴적층은 역산 결과로부터 얻어진 지음향 파라미터를 사용하고 하부 퇴적층은 $1.3{\phi}$의 평균입도로부터 예측된 지음향 파라미터를 사용하였을 때, 모델결과는 측정된 반사손실 결과와 전체적으로 일치하는 경향을 나타냈다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.431-440
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• 1998

치주질환에 이환된 성인환자에서 상악전치의 치간공간과 아울러 정출이 발생된 경우 기능 및 심미의 회복을 위해서는 함입이동이 필요하다. 본 연구는 골하치주낭 즉, 수직적 골결손이 있는 절치의 함입이동시 치주조직 반응을 살펴보기 위하여 시행되었다. 상악 좌우 측절치에 골결손과 함께 치주질환을 유발시킨 성견 4마리를 실험대상으로 하여 양측 모두에 치주수술을 시행하고 결손부 최하방 치근면에 notch를 형성 한 2주후 우측 제2측절치는 4주간 함입이동 후 4주간 보정을 시행한 실험측으로, 좌측 제2측절치는 구강위생관리만 시행한 대조측으로 사용한 바 조직소견을 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 함입이동없이 치주수술만 시행한 대조측의 조직소견은 치주낭 깊이의 감소를 보였으나 notch 부위부터 치주낭 기저부까지 긴 접합상피 상태를 보였으며 신생백악질이 형성된 일부에서만 결합조직 부착의 양상이 보였다. 2. 함입이동을 시행한 실험측은 대조측에 비하여 상피부착이 줄어든 반면 보다 넓은 신생 결합조직 부착 소견을 나타내었다. 3. 대조측과는 달리 실험측 notch근처의 결합조직내에는 다수의 세포가 관찰되었으며, 신생 백악질 생성 역시 대조측보다 많이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과는 치주질환으로 인하여 정출된 치아에서도 철저한 염증조절과 구강위생이 유지되고 적절한 크기의 힘에 의하여 순수한 함입이동이 적용된다면 바람직한 치료결과가 가능함을 시사하였다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.431-442
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 '집단지성 촉진 전략을 활용한 SSI 수업모형(CI기반 SSI 수업모형)'을 중학교 영재학급 학생들을 대상으로 적용하여 그 효과를 탐색해 보았다. 특히, 집단지성의 원리를 적용했을 때 더욱 향상될 것으로 기대되는 역량 즉, 협업능력, 정보 기술 및 미디어 활용능력, 비판적 사고력과 문제 해결력, 의사소통 능력에 초점을 맞추어 살펴보았다. 또한 학생들이 CI기반 SSI 수업모형에 적용된 집단지성의 원리의 효과를 어떻게 인식하는지도 함께 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 서울에 위치한 중학교 영재학급 학생 20명을 대상으로 하였으며, 이 학생들은 약 1년에 걸쳐 토요일마다 격주로 수업에 참여하였다. 학생들은 과학기술 사회에서 요구되는 시민역량 검사지에 수업 전, 중간, 후에 응답하였으며, 수업이 진행되는 동안 수업관찰 및 학생들과의 그룹면담을 실시하였다. 연구결과, CI기반 SSI 수업은 학생들의 과학기술 사회 시민으로서 갖추어야 할 핵심 역량의 여러 요소들이 향상될 수 있는 가능성을 보여주었다. 비록 통계적으로 유의미한 차이는 아니었으나, 수업 및 면담자료에 대한 추가 분석은 이 가능성에 대해 어느 정도 뒷받침해주었다. 첫째, 학생들은 웹 플랫폼을 활용하여 조원들과 활발하게 정보공유를 함으로써 생각의 확장을 경험하였다. 둘째, 학생들은 수업에 참여하면서 다양한 관점에 대한 포용력이 다소 향상되었다. 셋째, 학생들은 토의주제에 대해 미리 자료를 수집하고 스스로 독립적인 시간을 가짐으로써 조별 토의에 보다 적극적으로 참여하게 되었으며, 조원간의 소통도 더 원활해졌다고 응답하였다. 마지막으로, 학생들은 협업의 가치에 대해 인지하게 되고, 협업을 통해 더 나은 산출물을 낼 수 있다는 경험을 하게 되었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.431-441
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of two survey methods for health services research. Data were collected by means of two types of household survey conducted from March 11 to September 19, 1985. A probability sample of 30,613 persons was taken from 180 Enumerated Districts designated by the Economic Planning Board. The sample was divided into two groups systematically. One group was surveyed by the self-administered questionnaire and the other group was interviewed. Response rates were 81.4% and 90.6% respectively. The data were analysed by the ratio of the results of the self-administered survey to those of the interview survey. No difference was observed in sex, age, residence, or occupation between the two groups. However the respondents' characteristics were statistically different between the two groups. The major findings of this study are as follows : 1. The morbidity rate was 142.5 per 1,000 persons during the two week period by the self-administered questionnaire survey and 74.3 per 1,000 persons with the interview survey method. The ratio of the morbidity rate by the self-administered questionnaire to that by the interview was 1.92, and the difference between the two rates were due to the personal characteristics. 2. The out-patient utilization rate was 10.2 visits per person per year by the self-administered questionnaire survey and 5.4 by the interview survey, and the ratio was 1.89; the admission rate was 3.2 times per 100 persons per year by the self-administered questionnaire survey and 1.9 times by the interview survey, and the ratio was 1.68. Differences due to the sociodemographic characteristics were greater in the out-patient utilization rates than in the adimssion rates. 3. Percentages of effective medical care demand were 90.2% in the self-administered survey and 92.3% in the interview survey; the ratio was 0.98 which was less than that of the morbidity rate and medical care utilization. But, differences of effective medical care demand occurred in persons with no occupation, and aged or low educated respondents. 4. Respiratory illness had the highest frequency in the two survey methods. But there was a slight difference between the two survey methods in morbidity composition. 5. It was concluded that data collected by the interview survey were inclined to be underestimated and this problem can be corrected by a modified self-administered survey.