• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.375-381
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• 2015

We investigated the influence of summer rainfall on Pectinatella magnifica colonies in lotic ecosystems. Of the examined substrate materials, branches and aquatic macrophytes supported more colonies of P. magnifica than that by stones or artificial materials. The influence of rainfall on P. magnifica colonies differed in accordance with the type of substrate material at each study site. In the Geum River, little difference was noted in the number of P. magnifica colonies on branches before ($mean{\pm}SE$, $24{\pm}7.3$ individuals) and after rainfall ($20{\pm}8.4$ ind.); other substrate types supported fewer colonies of P. magnifica after rainfall. In contrast, in the Miryang River, rainfall had minimal effect on the number of P. magnifica colonies supported by macrophytes ($13{\pm}3.8$ and $12{\pm}4.3$ ind., respectively). Artificial material was more abundant in the Banbyeon Stream where it was able to support more colonies of P. magnifica. We found that the structure of different substrates sustains P. magnifica following rainfall. In the Miryang River, free-floating and submerged plants with a relatively heterogeneous substrate surface were the dominant macrophytes, whereas in the Geum River, simple macrophytes (i.e., emergent plants) were dominant. Therefore, we conclude that the substrate type on which P. magnifica grows plays an important role in resisting physical disturbances such as rainfall.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.649-655
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing quality of life after analyzing the relationship between depression, health promotion and quality of life in patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms. Methods: The subjects of this study were 63 people who underwent treatments from 2 general hospitals in Seoul and Daejeon and had no recurrence in stages I & II of gastrointestinal neoplasms. Data was collected from March 1 to April 30, 2006. A questionnaire consisting of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D), Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal (FACT-C) was given. The collected data was analyzed with the SPSS program which was used for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: The major findings of this study were as follows: 1) There was a significant relationship between depression (r=-.639, p=.000), health promotion (r=.407, p=.001) and quality of life. 2) Significant factors were depression (F=-4.091, p=.000) and health promotion (F=2.375, p=.021) that explained 46% of quality of life (F=10.022, p=.000). Conclusion: Cancer patients experienced extreme depression which led to a negative effect on quality of life. Health promotion was an important variable to the quality of life and it gave the patients motivation for having a will and belief for better health.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.375-381
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• 1998

Zero Voltage Switched (ZVS) Pulse Width Modulation (P~마1) converter which operates a fixed frequency is proposed in this paper. The main switches of the converter are always switched at zero voltage, and the auxiliaη switches are s softly switched, The voltage and current stresses of the switches are minimized as low as in conventional PWM converters, The suggested buck typed converter is analyzed. designed for a battery charger. The designed characteristics are experimentally verified by the results of the buck type converter.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.361-375
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• 2003

In this study, significant factors influencing on the quality and stability of fermented sausage, such as materials, processing conditions, and microbiological characteristics as well as topography during ripening, were documented. Since most fermented sausages are not heated during manufacture or before consumption, a strict control of the growth of pathogens and the selection of favourable conditions that encourage the specific growth and development of desirable microflora are particularly important. With respect to microbiological safety, hurdles, i.e., preservations(nitrite), redox potential, competitive flora, acidity(pH), and water activity($a_{w}$) are matters of importance to prevent proliferation of bacterial pathogens. Today, for ensuring the safety and quality of the final product, the application of starter cultures in combination with the proper processing is subsequently used in practice. For improving the efficiency of microbiological utility in the production of fermented sausages, the understanding of their topography is essential. The documented different points must be taken into account when HACCP systems set up for the manufacture of fermented sausages. There are continuous researches concerning desirable improvements to sausage fermentation with health enhancing properties.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.502-511
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• 2020

Objectives: This study investigated the health and nutritional status of the elderly according to the number of chronic diseases, using data obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013~2015. Methods: Data from a total of 2,310 individuals, aged 65 years and over, were used for the analysis. The elders were divided into 0 (n=375), 1 (n=673), 2 (n=637) and 3 or more (n=625) groups, by considering the number of chronic diseases. Results: Compared to other groups, the elderly subjects who were living with their spouse had the highest ratio in group 0 (P < 0.05), whereas subjects without economic activities had highest ratio in 3 or more group (P < 0.05). The EQ-5D index of subjects in the 0 group (0.90 ± 0.01) was higher than that in the 3 or more group (0.86 ± 0.01) (P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, the energy intake of subjects was determined to be lowest in the 3 or more group (P < 0.05). Protein (P < 0.05) and riboflavin (P < 0.05) intakes of the 3 or more group were also lower than other groups. Conclusions: This study indicates that multimorbidity of the elderly is associated with their health and nutritional status. The nutrients intake of the elderly, especially energy, protein and riboflavin, tended to be lowest in the 3 or more group. Further research is required to elucidate the risk factors related to presence of multimorbidity in the elderly.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.158-170
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• 2001

Background : Although an oxidants and antioxidants imbalance has been considered in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there is a paucity of reports focussing on the smoking-induced changes of oxidants and antioxidants in COPD. Method : The concentration of antioxidants (ascorbic acid, uric acid, retinol, and $\alpha$- & $\gamma$-tocopherol) was measured in the serum and induced sputum of 30 healthy controls and 34 stable COPD patients using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The inhibition of lipid peroxidation as an index of antioxidant capacity was measured in the serum by a TBA assay. Results : The serum concentration of ascorbic acid, $\alpha$-tocopherol, and retinol were significantly lower in the patients with COPD than in healthy controls ($484.8{\pm}473.3$ vs $1497.8{\pm}819.2\;pmol/L$, $48.38{\pm}17.34$ vs $73.96{\pm}26.29\;pmol/L$, p<0.001, and $9.51{\pm}8.33$ vs $15.01{\pm}5.88\;pmol/L$, p<0.05, respectively, mean$\pm$SD). However, there were little differences in the ascorbic acid and uric acid concentrations in the induced sputum between the COPD patients and the controls. The induced sputum to serum ratio of ascorbic acid was significantly higher in COPD patients compared with healthy control (0.375 vs 0.085, p<0.05). In the normal controls, the serum ascorbic acid concentration was lower in smokers than in nonsmokers ($1073{\pm}536$ vs $1757{\pm}845\;pmol/L$, p<0.05), but the level was still higher than that of the COPD patients (p<0.05). The serum retinol levels were correlated with $FEV_1$ in COPD patients (r=0.58, p<0.05). The products of lipid peroxidation were increased in normal smokers and COPD compared with norma1 nonsmokers ($115.56{\pm}19.93$ vs $120.02{\pm}24.56$ vs $91.87{\pm}20.71\;{\mu}mol/{\mu}mol$ Pi of liposome, p<0.05). Conclusion : Cigarette smoking may induce the dep1etion of serum antioxidants and this depletion of antioxidants is suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of COPD.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.375-380
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• 1987

D-$\alpha$-Amino-$\varepsilon$-carpolactam racemase (EC 5.1.1) and L-$\alpha$-amino-$\varepsilon$-caprolactam hydrolase (EC 3.5.2) were fractionated from cell-free extracts of Alcaligenes eutrophus A52 using ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography. It was made sure that D-$\alpha$-amino-$\varepsilon$-caprolactam was converted to L-$\alpha$-amino-$\varepsilon$-caprolactam by racemase, and then hydrolyzed into L-lysine by hydrolase in Alcaligenes eutrophus A52. For the conversion of D-$\alpha$-amino-$\varepsilon$-caprolactam into L-lysine by cell-free extracts of Alcaligenes eutrophus A52, the optimum temperature and pH were 6$0^{\circ}C$ and 8.5 respectively. The results showed that 0.5% D-$\alpha$-amino-$\varepsilon$-caprolactam was converted to L-lysine at 55$^{\circ}C$ for 10 hr with a conversion rate of 98% by cell-free extracts containing 3.1mg of protein.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.370-375
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• 2019

Background: Some parts of a maxillary fracture-for example, the medial and posterior walls-may remain unreduced because they are unapproachable or hard to deal with. This study aimed to investigate the self-healing process of unreduced maxillary membranous parts of fractures through a longitudinal computed tomography (CT) analysis of cases of unilateral facial bone injuries involving the maxillary sinus walls. Methods: Thirty-two patients who had undergone unilateral facial bone reduction surgery involving the maxillary sinus walls without reduction of the medial and posterior walls were analyzed in this retrospective chart review. Preoperative, immediate postoperative, and 3-month postoperative CT scans were analyzed. The maxillary sinus volume was calculated and improvements in bone continuity and alignment were evaluated. Results: The volume of the traumatized maxillary sinuses increased after surgery, and expanded significantly by 3 months postoperatively (p< 0.05). The significant preoperative volume difference between the normal and traumatized sides (p= 0.024) resolved after surgery (p> 0.05), and this resolution was maintained at 3 months postoperatively (p > 0.05). The unreduced parts of the maxillary bone showed improved alignment and continuity (in 75.0% and 90.6% of cases, respectively), and improvements in bone alignment and bone continuity were found to be correlated using the Pearson chi-square test (p= 0.002). Conclusion: Maxillary wall remodeling through self-healing occurred concomitantly with an increase in sinus volume and simultaneous improvements in bone alignment and continuity. Midfacial surgeons should be aware of the natural course of unreduced fractured medial and posterior maxillary walls in complex maxillary fractures.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.375-388
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Coping and Adaptation Processing Scale-Short- Form in patients with cancer. Methods: The original scale was translated into Korean using Brislin's translation model. The Korean Short-Form and the Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy-General were administered to 164 Korean patients with cancer using convenience sampling method. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0. Construct validity, criterion validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency reliability of the Korean Coping and Adaptation Processing Scale-Short-Form were evaluated. Results: Exploratory factor analysis supported the construct validity with a four-factor solution that explained 60.6% of the total variance. Factor loadings of the 15 items on the four subscales ranged .52~.86. The four-subscale model was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (Normed ${\chi}^2=1.38$ (p=.013), GFI=.92, SRMR=.02, RMSEA=.05, TLI=.94, and CFI=.95), and criterion validity was demonstrated with the Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy-General. Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency of the total scale was .83 and ranged .68~.81 for all subscales, demonstrating sufficient test-retest reliability. Conclusion: The Korean version showed satisfactory construct and criterion validity, as well as internal consistency and test-retest reliability.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.375-383
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the cognitive improvement and memory recovery effects of Korean and Chinese Crataegus pinnatifida ethanolic extracts on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. In vivo studies were carried out with mice treated with Korean Crataegus pinnatifida extracts (KCF) and Chinese Crataegus pinnatifida extracts (CCF) in doses of 5 and 50 mg/kg (p.o.) and scopolamine was injected 30 min before the behavioral testing. Antioxidant activity was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition by Ellman's modified method. The chlorogenic acid and hyperoside as marker compounds of KCF and CCF was quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis (UPLC). Results showed that KCF was more contained high content of chlorogenic acid and hyperoside than CCF. In addition, KCF was more exerted free radical (DPPH and ABTS) scavenging activity and blocked AChE activity than CCF. In vivo studies also showed that KCF administration has a further improved the memory of scopolamine-treated mice than CCF in Y-maze test, passive avoidance test and Morris water maze test. These results revealed that KCF more prevents scopolamine-induced memory impairments through antioxidant and acethylcholinesterase inhibition effect compared CCF.